钙碱性火成岩的角闪石全铝压力计 ——回顾、评价和应用实例

定量地获得岩体结晶时的压力,对于探讨其剥蚀深度及了解造山带的构造热演化史等方面有重要意义。对于钙碱性侵入岩而言,可以应用角闪石全铝压力计对钙碱性火成岩结晶压力进行估计。对于不同角闪石压力计公式的选择,前提是满足它们各自的适用条件,否则所得结果没有意义。角闪石全铝压力计不能用于估算A型花岗岩的结晶压力,更不能用于计算变质岩的变质压力。对于结晶温度低于750℃的钙碱性中酸性岩体而言,Anderson和Smith(1995)的温度校正意义不大。Ridolfi等(2010)提出的指数关系角闪石压力计公式适用于钙碱性火山岩中角闪石斑晶的结晶压力估算。Uchida等(2007)的黑云母全铝压力计缺乏理论和实验基础,不建议使用。应用角闪石全铝压力计所得到薛家石梁—黑山寨复式岩体侵位深度的区域变化,指示了云蒙山变质核杂岩下盘的掀斜;低角度正断层(拆离断层)可以通过高角度正断层的掀斜旋转而形成。     

山西临县紫金山碱性杂岩体SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素研究

山西临县紫金山碱性杂岩体位于华北克拉通内鄂尔多斯盆地东缘,为汾河富碱侵入岩带中最典型的碱性岩体。岩体主要岩石类型为二长岩、辉石正长岩、霓霞钛辉岩、暗霞正长岩、霞石正长岩、假白榴石斑岩和粗面斑岩。依据SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年结果,结合前人的测年数据,确定岩体形成于138.7~125.0 Ma,系早白垩世碱性岩浆事件的产物。该套岩石高钾、富碱、贫钙和镁,属于碱性岩石系列。稀土元素总量高,轻、重稀土元素分馏明显,Eu异常不显著。微量元素富集LREE和Rb、Ba、K、Sr等大离子亲石元素,亏损HREE和Th、U、Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素。同位素分析结果显示全岩ISr为0.704 228~0.706 313,εNd(t)变化于-12.3~-0.5之间。锆石的εHf(t)为-20.2~-16.4,二阶段模式年龄tDM2为2.22~2.46 Ga。推测紫金山碱性杂岩体形成于华北克拉通中生代构造体制转折后的伸展背景下,因构造体制转换产生的强大应力作用导致吕梁地区软流圈多次上涌,随后软流圈、岩石圈地幔和下地壳物质部分熔融产生的岩浆发生多次不同比例的混合,所形成的各期混合岩浆分批上侵定位在地壳浅部环境,从而形成紫金山碱性杂岩体。汾河富碱侵入岩带形成时间集中于138.7~125.0 Ma,是华北克拉通中西部岩石圈破坏事件的岩浆活动证据,其与华北克拉通东部地区几乎同时发生岩石圈减薄作用。因构造体制转换产生强大应力作用导致构造薄弱地区软流圈上涌,进而引起大规模的壳-幔岩浆相互作用,可能为华北克拉通中西部地区中生代破坏的主要原因,并且由北至南壳幔岩浆相互作用中幔源岩浆逐渐减少。     

石嘴山地区碱性土壤硒地球化学特征及生物有效性

以石嘴山地区碱性土壤为研究对象,全面采集了石嘴山地区表层土壤样品,分析了土壤中硒及有效硒等地球化学指标.结果 表明:研究区土壤硒的主要来源为贺兰山区黑色岩系,其次为引黄灌溉淤积;研究区硒的生物有效性处于较高水平,有效硒富集及以上的区域占全区的79.2％,面积约为777.2 km2;硒不同形态含量依次为残渣态＞强有机结合...     

Neo-Proterozoic rift-related syenites (Northern Damara Belt, Namibia): Geochemical and Nd–Sr–Pb–O isotope constraints for mantle sources and petrogenesis

Major element, trace element and Nd–Sr–Pb–O isotope data for a suite of Neo-Proterozic, pre-orogenic, rift-related syenites from the Northern Damara orogen (Namibia) constrain their sources and petrogenesis. New U–Pb ages obtained on euhdreal titanite of inferred magmatic origin constrain the age of intrusion of the Lofdal and Oas syenites to ca. 750 Ma compatible with previous high-precision zircon analyses from the Oas complex. Major rock types from Lofdal and Oas are mildly sodic nepheline-normative and quartz-normative syenites and were primarily generated by fractional crystallization from a mantle-derived alkaline magma. Primitive samples from Lofdal and Oas show depletion of Rb, K and Th relative to Ba and Nb together with variable negative anomalies of P and Ti on a primitive mantle-normalized diagram. Evolved samples from Oas develop significant negative Ba, Sr, P and Ti anomalies and positive U and Th anomalies mainly as a function of crystal fractionation processes. The lack of a pronounced negative Nb anomaly in samples from Lofdal suggests that involvement of a crustal component is negligible. For the nepheline-normative samples from Lofdal, the unradiogenic Sr and radiogenic Nd isotope composition and low δ¹⁸O values suggest derivation of these samples from a moderately depleted lithospheric upper mantle with crustal-like U/Pb ratios (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr: 0.7031–0.7035, ε Nd: ca. + 1, δ¹⁸O: 7‰, ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb: ca.18.00, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb: 15.58–15.60). Primitive samples of the Oas quartz-normative syenites have identical isotope characteristics (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr: 0.7034, ε Nd: ca. + 1, δ¹⁸O: 6.5‰, ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb: ca.18.00, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb: 15.59) whereas more differentiated samples have higher ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.709–0.714), slightly higher δ¹⁸O values (7.0–7.1‰), less radiogenic ε Nd values (− 1.1 to − 1.4) and more radiogenic ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios up to 18.27. These features together with model calculations using Sr–Nd–Pb isotopes suggest modification of a primary syenite magma by combined AFC processes involving ancient continental crust. In this case, high Nb abundances of the parental syenite liquid prevent the development of significant negative Nb anomalies that may be expected due to interaction with continental crust.     

A型花岗岩的微量元素地球化学

本文总结和评述了A型花岗岩典型的微量元素特征,如富集Ga、稀土元素（除Eu外）和高场强元素,亏损Ba、Sr和明显的Eu负异常。分别讨论了影响微量元素特征的多种制约因素,主要包括源区性质、岩浆的物理化学条件、岩浆作用过程和络合作用。通过对比世界范围内几个地区相伴生的碱性A型花岗岩和铝质A型花岗岩的微量元素地球化学特征,发现前者Ga、F含量更高,而轻重稀土比值小,Eu、Ba、Sr等元素含量更低,显示了前者的岩浆分异作用更强,同时说明了碱性A型花岗岩可以由与之伴生的铝质A型花岗岩分异而来。     

秦皇岛近海褐潮高发区浮游植物的碱性磷酸酶活性分析

碱性磷酸酶(Alkaline phosphatase,AP)是浮游植物在磷胁迫状态下表达的一种水解有机磷源的胞外酶,可用于指示海区浮游植物的磷胁迫状态。本研究于2013年7月,对秦皇岛近海抑食金球藻(Aureococcus anophagefferens)褐潮发生期间浮游植物的碱性磷酸酶活性(AP activity,APA)进行研究,结合其他理化参数,分析藻华发生时浮游植物的磷营养状态及其对海水中磷源的水解与利用情况。结果表明,褐潮发生时,抑食金球藻细胞密度高达108个/L,溶解有机磷(Dissolved organic phosphorus,DOP)成为浮游植物生长利用的主要磷源。抑食金球藻的细胞密度受到海水中NO3–、DOP、溶解无机磷(Dissolved inorganic phosphorus,DIP)浓度等的显著影响。浮游植物大量表达AP水解DOP,平均APA高达217.72 nmol/(μg·h)±90.86 nmol/(μg·h)(350.44 nmol/(L·h)±130.57 nmol/(L·h)),且APA随浮游植物生物量增大而显著增加。该结果表明抑食金球藻褐潮发生时,海区遭受严峻的磷胁迫甚至限制。磷源,尤其是有机磷源的可利用性可能在秦皇岛海区抑食金球藻褐潮的发生和维持中起关键作用。     

冀西北水泉沟碱性杂岩体的成因探讨

冀西北水泉沟碱性杂岩体的成因探讨＊莫测辉（华南农业大学资源与环境学院，广州５１０６４２）王秀璋程景平梁华英（中国科学院广州地球化学研究所，广州５１０６４０）关键词碱性岩体地质特征地球化学特征锆石Ｕ－Ｐｂ年龄成因冀西北水泉沟碱性杂岩体是张家口金矿化集中...     

云南三江地区富碱侵入岩与煌斑岩的同源性

云南三江地区富碱侵入岩与煌斑岩的同源性金志升黄智龙朱成明（中国科学院地球化学研究所，贵阳５５０００２）关键词三江地区富碱侵入岩煌斑岩同源性三江地区富碱侵入岩带（亦称哀牢山－金沙江富碱侵入岩带）是世界上著名的富碱侵入岩带之一，前人对该区富碱侵入岩进行过...     

Alkaline phosphatase in a littoral Mediterranean marine ecosystem: role of the main plankton size classes

This work investigates the alkaline phosphatase activity in a littoral marine ecosystem (Toulon Bay and Le Niel Bay, France) in order to study its biochemical characteristics with respect to pH, sea water composition and phosphate sensitivity. We also characterise the active forms in sea water and determine the extent to which zooplankton generate phosphatase activity with respect to other plankton classes. In Toulon Bay, phosphatase was produced mostly by the microplankton fraction (>90 μm), accounting for more than 90% of total activity. In contrast, most of the phosphatase activity in Le Niel Bay was generated by the nanoplankton fraction (5–90 μm) and the picoplankton fraction (0.25–5 μm). The microplankton enzymes had non Michaelis-Menten kinetics suggesting the involvement of multiple enzyme processes with distinct kinetic constants. This activity is in major part secreted into the sea water and is stimulated by the ionic strength and the pH of the sea water. Cypris larvae of the genus Balanus played a special role in this release. For the nanoplankton and picoplankton, part of this activity was due to non-secreted enzymes, probably bound to membranes or occurring intracellularly. Moreover, nano and picoplankton phosphatase required higher pH than microplankton enzyme. For all plankton size classes, there was no activity at low pH, suggesting that acid phosphatases were not involved in reactions with substrates dissolved in water.     

冀西北中山沟金矿区泥盆世A-型碱性杂岩侵位时代、岩石地球化学以及地质意义

中山沟金矿床是产出在冀北水泉沟碱性杂岩体西段的一处中型金矿床,受区域E-W向深大断裂控制.文章对矿区的碱性侵入岩体开展了年代学和岩体地球化学研究.LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石测年结果表明,矿区新鲜角闪石英二长岩与蚀变角闪石英二长岩样品的锆石谐和年龄分别为(390±2)Ma和(392±3)Ma,均为泥盆世.锆石稀土元素总...