东天山尾亚杂岩体: 同源还是异源? --来自黑云母的证据

呈中心环状的尾亚杂岩体由外环石英正长岩和内环石英闪长岩、黑云母二长花岗岩以及细粒花岗岩组成,但对两个环带是同源还是异源的认识仍存在较大分歧.鉴于黑云母是大多数中酸性火成岩中比较重要的一种镁铁质矿物,它能很好地反映寄主岩浆的属性和成岩时的物理、化学条件,因此,本文的目的在于,通过比较外环石英正长岩和内环石英闪长岩、黑云母二长花岗岩以及细粒花岗岩中黑云母的成分变化,来为两个环带是同源还是异源提供矿物学方面的佐证.结果表明,外环黑云母与内环黑云母相比,富 Fe和 Ti,贫 Mg和 Al,前者为铁质黑云母,寄主岩浆属碱性岩系;后者皆属镁质黑云母,寄主岩浆属钙碱性岩系.碱性岩系中铁质黑云母的形成主要与其晶格中 Fe→ Mg和 3Fe2 → 2Al双替代有关,而钙碱性岩系中镁质黑云母则主要与 2Al→ 3Mg替换有关.外环与内环黑云母成分的差别,归根结底,与其寄主岩浆形成于不同的源区、产于不同的构造环境密切相关.内环各相带云母之间没有明显的演化趋势,只是细粒花岗岩中的云母比石英闪长岩和黑云母二长花岗岩中的云母富 Al和 F,贫 Ti.结合岩石地球化学、全岩氧同位素和锆石晶形及微量元素地球化学研究成果,外环和内环之间黑云母的成分变化,排斥了外环和内环同源的可能性;内环之间黑云母成分演化趋势表明石英闪长岩、黑云母二长花岗岩以及细粒花岗岩非同一母岩浆分离结晶所致,而可能是不同期次的异源岩浆相继侵入的产物.     

20 Years Advances in Preparation of Potassium Salts from Potassic Rocks: A Review

Long-term research on key techniques of clean utilization of potassic rocks from over twenty localities has been performed to settle the shortage of soluble potassium resources in China. The results show that K-feldspar as the principal mineral enriched in potassium could be decomposed in the media of Ca(OH)2, NaOH, KOH-H2O solution via hydrothermal treatment, into tobermorite, hydroxyl- cancrinite, and kalsilite respectively. By further processing, these compounds are feasible for being as slow-release carrier of potassium nitrate, extracting alumina, and preparing farm-oriented fertilizers of potassium sulphate and nitrate. Correspondingly, the filtrate is KOH, (Na, K)2SiO3, and K2SiO3 solution, from which potassium carbonate, sulphate, nitrate, and phosphate could be easily fabricated. As NaOH and KOH are recycled in the processing chains by causticizing sodium and/or potassium metasilicate solutions, the hydrothermal alkaline techniques as developed in this research have several advantages as lower consumption of disposable mineral resources and energy, maximized utilization of potassic mineral resources, as well as clean productions etc. Based on the approaches presented in this paper, the technical system of efficiently utilizing insoluble potassium resources has been established. The hydrothermal alkaline methods are feasible to be industrialized on a large scale, thus resulting in decreasing imports of potash fertilizers, improving the pattern of potassium fertilizer consumption, and enhancing the supplying guarantee of potassium resource in China.     

内蒙阿尔善布拉格一带早二叠世碱性花岗岩地球化学特征、锆石 U-Pb 年龄及其地质意义

通过对内蒙古苏尼特左旗阿尔善布拉格一带出露的碱性花岗岩的区域地质调查及综合研究测试,得到锆石U-Pb年龄为297±3 Ma~295.8±1.4 Ma.岩石中普遍含有霓石、钠闪石等碱性暗色矿物,具高硅、富碱,贫FeOt、MgO特征,铝饱和指数A/CNK介于0.85~1.02之间.微量元素表现为富集Rb、Th、Zr、Hf等元素,亏损Ba、Nb、Sr、P、Ti,稀土配分曲线呈V型,属A型花岗岩,指示了贺根山洋闭合后的造山后伸展背景.     

我国东部碱性岩中长石研究

我国东部六个碱性岩体的长石以碱性长石为主,包括了正长石、微斜长石和钠长石;斜长石有中长石和奥长石。它们具有三种组合,即正长石-斜长石;正长石-微斜长石;钠长石-微斜长石组成的条纹长石。各组合长石在组分或结构态方面都有某些共同之处,某些岩体还体现了长石成分演化的一致趋势。本文根据长石结构态,以及二长石和长石-霞石地质温度计的应用,对岩体形成温度作了一些探讨。     

Determining Biogenic Silica in Marine Samples by Tracking Silicate and Aluminium Concentrations in Alkaline Leaching Solutions

This study introduces an alkaline leaching technique for the simultaneous analysis of biogenic silica and aluminium in sediments. Measuring aluminium facilitates the discrimination between silica from the biogenic (BSiO₂) and the non-biogenic fraction, because it originates almost solely from the lithogenic phase. The method was tested using fine-grained silicagel, standard clay minerals, artificial sediments, and natural samples ranging from fresh diatoms to aged sediment from different depositional settings. To determine the BSiO₂ content, four different models each describing the dissolution curves, but of increasing complexity, were applied and for each different type of sample the optimum model was selected on the basis of F-test statistics. For mixtures of silicagel and clay minerals, the contribution of Si from the dissolution of clay was negligible compared to Si originating from silicagel. For natural samples with high clay content, complex dissolution curves were observed and single-phase first order dissolution was the exception. This deviation from `ideal' behavior could only be recognized because of high-resolution sampling, especially in the first 20 minutes of the experiment. For most of the samples, the distinction between the biogenic silica fraction and the silica originating from dissolution of clays could be made on the basis of the Si/Al ratios and reactivity constants of the dissolving phases calculated with the models. Clay minerals typically dissolve slowly at a Si/Al ratio close to 1–2, depending on the type of clay mineral. In contrast, biogenic silica displays a wide range of reactivities and Si/Al ratios. Fresh biogenic silica from the water column usually has a high reactivity and a low Al content. Aged biogenic silica from the sediments has a lower reactivity, but Si/Al ratios as low as 5 were found. The method as described here therefore presents an accurate method to analyze biogenic silica in marine sediments with a relatively high clay mineral content.     

冀西北水泉沟碱性杂岩体的成因探讨

冀西北水泉沟碱性杂岩体的成因探讨＊莫测辉（华南农业大学资源与环境学院，广州５１０６４２）王秀璋程景平梁华英（中国科学院广州地球化学研究所，广州５１０６４０）关键词碱性岩体地质特征地球化学特征锆石Ｕ－Ｐｂ年龄成因冀西北水泉沟碱性杂岩体是张家口金矿化集中...     

The petrology of the layered gabbro intrusion, eastern gabbro, Coldwell alkaline complex, Northwestern Ontario, Canada: evidence for multiple phases of intrusion in a ring dyke

The Coldwell alkaline complex is a large (> 350 km²) gabbro and syenite intrusion on the north shore of Lake Superior. It was emplaced at 1108 Ma during early magmatic activity associated with the formation of the Mid-Continent Rift of North America. The eastern gabbro forms a partial ring dyke on the outer margin of the complex and consists of at least three discrete intrusions. The largest of these is the layered gabbro that comprises a 300 m thick fine- to medium-grained basal unit overlain by up to 1100 m of variably massive to layered gabbroic cumulates which vary from olivine gabbro to anorthosite. Several xenoliths of Archaean metamorphic rocks that range in size from 10's to 100's of meters are present in the central part of the intrusion. Within discrete horizons in the layered gabbro are many centimeter- to meter-scale, gabbroic xenoliths. The main cumulus minerals, in order of crystallization, are plagioclase, olivine and clinopyroxene ± Fe-Ti oxides. Biotite and Fe-Ti-oxide are the dominant intercumulus phases. Orthopyroxene occurs not as a cumulus phase but as peritectic overgrowths on cumulus olivine. A detailed petrographic and mineral chemical study of samples from two stratigraphically controlled traverses through the layered gabbro indicates that the stratigraphy cannot be correlated along the 33 km strike of the ring dyke. Mineral compositions show both normal and reversed fractionation trends. These patterns are interpreted to record at least three separate intrusions of magma into restricted dilatant zones within the ring dyke possibly associated with ongoing caldera collapse. Calculations of parental melt composition using mineral — melt equilibria show that even the most primitive gabbros crystallized from an evolved magma with mg# of 0.42-0.49. The presence of orthopyroxene overgrowths on cumulus olivine suggests rising silica activity in the melt during crystallization and implies a subalkaline parentage for the layered gabbro.     

实验室海月水母大规模解体的初步研究

本实验针对两次突发的饲养海月水母(Aureliaaurita)大规模烂洞解体状况,通过对病灶处进行细菌培养,从其中每次发病水母中均各分离到2种优势病原菌菌株,利用PCR扩增和DNA测序技术,获得优势菌株16SrRNA基因序列,通过生物信息比对分析显示,导致两次海月水母发病的病原菌菌株分别为2种嗜冷杆菌(Psychrobacter sp.)和2种弧菌(Vibrio splendidusVibrio neptunius)。通过利用福林酚法进行此四种优势菌株的细菌发酵培养液蛋白酶活性的测定,结果显示,此4种细菌均具有较强的蛋白酶活性。根据实验结果推测,分离所得的2种嗜冷杆菌菌株(Paa1Paa2)和2种弧菌菌株(Vaa1Vaa2)作为此次发病海月水母的病原菌,有可能均是通过分泌胞外蛋白酶侵蚀水母伞体,从而导致伞体烂洞解体。通过本次实验分析,推测自然条件下水母暴发后的快速消亡是由水母自身免疫下降与细菌侵染的共同作用导致。     

Alkaline phosphatase in a littoral Mediterranean marine ecosystem: role of the main plankton size classes

This work investigates the alkaline phosphatase activity in a littoral marine ecosystem (Toulon Bay and Le Niel Bay, France) in order to study its biochemical characteristics with respect to pH, sea water composition and phosphate sensitivity. We also characterise the active forms in sea water and determine the extent to which zooplankton generate phosphatase activity with respect to other plankton classes. In Toulon Bay, phosphatase was produced mostly by the microplankton fraction (>90 μm), accounting for more than 90% of total activity. In contrast, most of the phosphatase activity in Le Niel Bay was generated by the nanoplankton fraction (5–90 μm) and the picoplankton fraction (0.25–5 μm). The microplankton enzymes had non Michaelis-Menten kinetics suggesting the involvement of multiple enzyme processes with distinct kinetic constants. This activity is in major part secreted into the sea water and is stimulated by the ionic strength and the pH of the sea water. Cypris larvae of the genus Balanus played a special role in this release. For the nanoplankton and picoplankton, part of this activity was due to non-secreted enzymes, probably bound to membranes or occurring intracellularly. Moreover, nano and picoplankton phosphatase required higher pH than microplankton enzyme. For all plankton size classes, there was no activity at low pH, suggesting that acid phosphatases were not involved in reactions with substrates dissolved in water.     

冀西北中山沟金矿区泥盆世A-型碱性杂岩侵位时代、岩石地球化学以及地质意义

中山沟金矿床是产出在冀北水泉沟碱性杂岩体西段的一处中型金矿床,受区域E-W向深大断裂控制.文章对矿区的碱性侵入岩体开展了年代学和岩体地球化学研究.LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石测年结果表明,矿区新鲜角闪石英二长岩与蚀变角闪石英二长岩样品的锆石谐和年龄分别为(390±2)Ma和(392±3)Ma,均为泥盆世.锆石稀土元素总...