海洋细菌HW08的鉴定及其所产低温碱性蛋白酶Ps5的分离纯化

由黄海底泥分离得到1株能够稳定高产蛋白酶的菌株,命名为HW08.对该菌株进行形态特征、生理生化分析表明,其为革兰氏阴性杆菌,极生单鞭毛,非发酵型,严格需氧,细胞内不积累多羟基丁酸作为储藏碳源,氧化酶阴性.将该菌16S rDNA序列(GenBank登录号FJ999660)和假单胞菌属中模式菌株16S rDNA序列进行比对...     

海洋微生物低温碱性脂肪酶的纯化与性质研究

以海洋微生物通过发酵制备的脂肪酶为材料 ,对该酶的分离纯化条件及理化性质进行了研究。在脂肪酶纯化中 ,采用氯仿萃取、中空纤维柱超滤及CM SepharoseFF阳离子交换柱层析等技术对发酵制备的脂肪酶进行了纯化 ,结果得到达到电泳纯的脂肪酶。在脂肪酶理化性质研究中 ,采用SDS PAGE电泳对该脂肪酶分子量进行测定 ,并在实验中以橄榄油为底物采用脂肪酶酸碱滴定测活法 ,对脂肪酶的最适水解条件、各种因素对脂肪酶稳定性的影响进行了研究。结果显示 ,该脂肪酶分子量为 ( 38 0± 1 )kD ,最适水解温度为 35℃ ,最适pH为 8 5 ,为一低温碱性脂肪酶。该脂肪酶可在 35℃以下、pH =4 0— 9 0范围内保持良好的稳定性 ,与常见金属离子、化学试剂等的配伍性较好 ,并且具有良好的耐盐及抗氧化性能。研究中还以p NPL(月桂酸对硝基苯酚酯 )为底物采用脂肪酶化学发光测活法 ,对脂肪酶进行了酶促动力学的研究。结果表明 ,该脂肪酶在最适条件下Km 值为 7 80 5 μmol/L ,Vmax为 1 2 385mmol/ (L·min)。通过对Zn2 +抑制脂肪酶水解活性的研究 ,发现Zn2 +对脂肪酶具有可逆抑制作用 ,从而筛选到该脂肪酶的可逆抑制剂Zn2 +。     

锆石轻稀土富集与Hf同位素异常成因:以滇西卓潘碱性杂岩体为例

卓潘碱性杂岩体位于思茅地块的西缘,在岩体的霞石正长岩、正长岩、辉石岩中发现多种具不同CL发光特征的锆石。其中CL图下呈灰白色的锆石（Ⅰ类）的Th、U含量低,轻稀土元素亏损,重稀土元素富集,具典型碱性岩岩浆锆石特征,U-Pb年龄约35.7Ma,代表岩体的成岩年龄;不发光或边部具微弱环带的锆石（Ⅱ类）其Th、U、稀土元素含量高,U-Pb年龄为34.2~35.1Ma;呈杂乱海绵状结构的锆石内部不透明,无法获得谐和的U-Pb年龄;震荡环带发育的锆石为捕获锆石,具有较老的U-Pb年龄。本文依据稀土元素含量与配分模式将Ⅱ类锆石进一步分为三种不同类型：A型锆石轻稀土含量低,有明显左倾特征,其LREE < 1170×10^-6,（La/Gd）_N < 0.09,（Tm/Gd）_N>2.2;B型锆石轻稀土亏损但中-重稀土分馏较小,其（La/Gd）_N < 0.009,（Tm/Gd）_N < 2;C型锆石轻稀土元素含量明显升高且中-重稀土分馏较小,其LREE>1150×10^-6,（Tm/Gd）_N < 2。这些异常的稀土元素特征并非由分析到磷灰石或榍石等矿物包裹体导致,而是与热液作用过程中流体成分与反应条件有关。由于晶格损伤导致放射性Pb丢失,热液锆石的年龄略小于岩浆锆石,没有明确的地质意义。尽管在本文中两类不同CL发光特征的锆石的年龄相差不大,但不加区分地计算平均年龄可能无法获得准确的成岩时代。卓潘碱性岩体热液锆石的Hf同位素变化范围极大（ε_Hf（t）=0.1~100）,这种异常的Hf同位素特征可能是由于流体与围岩反应过程中溶解了富Lu矿物（如磷灰石）或具高¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf值的矿物（如石榴子石）所导致的。

     

不同灌水量对碱化土的影响

碱化土壤上不同定额灌水量试验研究表明,电导率与可溶性盐是成正比关系,电导率、可溶性盐与pH成反比关系。灌水量对土壤总盐及盐分组成中CT、SO4^2-的影响较人;随着灌水量的增加,表层土壤中HCO3^-增加,pH上升。灌水量必须大于一定的量才具有洗盐作用。     

盐渍土冬小麦施用硅肥效应的试验研究

通过对盐渍土施用硅肥后土壤及作物中氮、磷、钾、硅等营养元素的分析，发现施硅肥后土壤中的碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾和有效硅含量都有明显提高，小麦茎杆和籽粒中的氮、磷、钾、硅的含量也比对照处理的含量高，小麦抗逆性、光合作用等都有明显改进，增产幅度达22．7％；最后简要说明了硅肥对盐渍土的改良作用。     

Studies on the effects of polyaspartate protease fertilizer enhancer in the absorptions of soil nutrition and the enzymatic activities of crops

1　Introduction　Chinaisboththelargestproducerandthelargestconsumerofchemicalfertilizersintheworld .Since1984 ,Chineseconsumptionofchemicalfertilizerhasincreasedmorethanonetimes ,fromabout 17millionmetrictonsto 35millionmetrictons .However ,dur ingthesameperiod ,theyieldoffoodproductionhasincreasedonlyabout 10 % .Thediscrepancybetweenfertilizerconsumptionandyieldincreasehasindicatedthedrasticdecreaseofthebenefitsofchemicalfertiliz ers .Infact ,theutilizationefficiencyofnitrogenfer tilizerinC…     

甘肃省富硒土壤标准研究与探讨

建立富硒土壤地方标准对促进富硒产业发展具有积极意义。笔者分析了西北各省富硒土壤标准制定现状,基于在甘肃全省范围内协同采集的304件土壤及小麦籽实样品分析数据,通过富硒小麦的下限值及籽实与根系土中Se的线性相关模型,推导出0.28×10-6作为甘肃省富Se土壤标准下限,对甘肃省富Se土壤地方标准的建立及富Se土壤资源的科学利用具有指导意义。     

黄海冷水团海域浮游植物磷胁迫的季节变动

The Yellow Sea is located between the China Mainland and the Korean Peninsula, representing a typical shallow epicontinental sea. The Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass（YSCWM） is one of the most important physical features in the Yellow Sea. The characteristics of vertical profiles and seasonal variations of biogenic elements in the YSCWM may lead the variations of nutrient availability（e.g., phosphorus） and phosphorus stress of phytoplankton. In this study, the authors surveyed the seasonal variations of phytoplankton phosphorus stress with emphasis on the effect of the YSCWM during the four cruises in April and October 2006, March and August 2007. Using both bulk and single-cell alkaline phosphatase activity（APA） assays, this study evaluated phosphorus status of phytoplankton community, succession of phytoplankton community and ecophysiological responses of phytoplankton to phosphorus in the typical region of the YSCWM. With the occurrence of the YSCWM, especially the variations of concentration of dissolved inorganic phosphorus（DIP）, the results of bulk APA appeared corresponding seasonal variations. Along Transects A and B, the mean APA in August was the highest, and that in March was the lowest. According to the ELF-labeled assay＇s results, seasonal variations of the ELF-labeled percentages within dominant species indicated that diatoms were dominant in March, April and October, while dinoflagellates were dominant in August. During the four cruises, the ELF-labeled percentages of diatoms except Paralia sulcata showed that diatoms were not phosphorus deficient in April 2006 at all, but suffered from severe phosphorus stress in August 2007. In comparison, the ELF-labeled percentages of dinoflagellates were all above 50% during the four time series, which meant dinoflagellates such as Alexandrium and Scrippsiella, sustained perennial phosphorus stress.     

Determination of Fluorine and Chlorine by Pyrohydrolysis and Ion Chromatography: Comparison with Alkaline Fusion Digestion and Ion Chromatography

A method to determine F and Cl in silicate materials by employing pyrohydrolysis and ion chromatography (IC) is described. Pyrohydrolysis involved mixing a pulverised sample (∼ 40 mg) with V₂O₅ (∼ 160 mg) and heating to 1100 °C under a wet oxygen flow in a quartz tube. Recovery yields of F and Cl were ∼ 97% using a NaF + NaCl standard solution. Detection limits of the pyrohydrolysis-IC method for silicate samples were 0.36 and 0.69 μg g^-1 for F and Cl, respectively. Fluorine and Cl concentrations were determined in the reference materials JB-2, JB-3 and JA-1 from the GSJ; BCR-2, BHVO-1, BHVO-2, AGV-1 and AGV-2 from the USGS; and NIST SRM 610, 612 and 614 glasses. Precisions (RSD) for determinations of F were 1–13% (except NIST SRM 614) and 2–19% for Cl, and were dependent on the concentration and blank correction. Most results obtained in this study were in good agreement with those of previous studies. In comparison, the Na₂CO₃ + ZnO fusion method at 900 °C showed that the yields of F and Cl by alkaline fusion systematically decreased with fusion duration time. The yields were 84% and 83% for JB-3, inferring that F and Cl were lost in this alkaline fusion.     

电渗析脱盐时威尔逊公式修正的新方法

本文列举了铝制品洗白碱性废水［１］、海水第二脱盐段①和人工配制ＮａＣｌ水溶液②三种水质，采用伏－安法测定权限电流密度后，用三步作图法，分别求出威尔逊修正式中的系数Ｋ，浓度指数ｍ和流速指数ｎ，建立了威尔逊修正公式的新模式：Ｉ_（ｌｉｍ_＝ＫＣ~ｍＣ~（ａ＋ｂｃ）本模式适用于组份复杂、浓度变化范围大的水溶液体系。用该模式计算的极限电流密度值与实验测定值之间的偏差在±１０％之内，具有很好的实用性。