变质岩中金红石研究综述

随着原位微区分析技术的发展,金红石作为常见的副矿物,受到越来越多的关注。文章系统论述了变质岩中金红石的矿物学特征、形成过程及与其同质多像变体的区分方法,总结了金红石在变质岩中4个主要方面的应用,为广泛开展与金红石有关的地质问题的探讨提供了较为全面的基础性认识。     

浅谈浅层地热能及其开发利用的建议

通过对浅层地热能及地源热泵技术进行了介绍并分析探究了安徽省及周边省份浅层地热能推广开发利用情况,就开发利用浅层地热能如何充分发挥专业技术优势,政府建设主管部门、监理单位如何加强行业监督管理工作提出建议和看法,以期更好地在我省推广开发利用地源热泵技术。     

三种压力源模型对火山区地面变形的影响

本文主要分析Mogi点源模型、有限标准椭球体及张开型矩形位错等三种压力源模型对火山区地面变形的影响，指出它们各自在垂直和水平形变方面的不同特点，最后对长白山火山区可能存在的压力源形状进行了分析。     

基于多元统计方法的地下水水化学特征分析:以沈阳市李官堡傍河水源地为例

为研究沈阳市李官堡傍河水源地的水化学变化特征与污染来源,在对该水源地开展野外污染调查、水化学样品采集等工作的基础上,结合聚类分析和因子分析两种多元统计分析方法对研究区地下水环境进行系统分析。结果表明:研究区平水期和丰水期的地下水均可划分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ两类具有不同水化学特征的两个区域。Ⅰ区主要分布在浑河沿岸,主要特征为Eh值偏低,pH值偏高,处于还原环境中,NH4+污染主要来源于浑河下渗与农业活动;Ⅱ区主要分布在研究区西北部,主要特征为Eh值偏高,pH值偏低,处于氧化环境中,NO3-污染主要来源于居民日常生活和工业活动等地表污染的垂向入渗。     

天山乌鲁木齐河流域山区降水δ18O和δD 特征及水汽来源分析

依据乌鲁木齐河流域山区3个站点实测次降水δ18O和δD数据以及气象观测资料,结合临近GNIP(Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation)站点数据,对其降水δ18O和δD特征及水汽来源进行了分析。结果表明,大气降水中δ18O值波动范围大,但呈现明显的季节性变化:冬季降水δ18O较低,夏季降水δ18O较高。受流域山区气候和地理条件影响,从上游到下游各站点大气降水线截距和斜率均呈现逐渐减小趋势。大气降水中δ18O和δD与日均气温存在密切正相关关系,且温度与δ18O之间的相关性优于δD。降水中d-excess值也表现出季节性变化,冬季降水d-excess值高于夏季降水。利用HYSPLIT 4.0气团轨迹模型,得出夏季水汽主要来源西风环流输送,冬季受西风环流和极地气团共同影响。     

Advance in Pollen Source Area

The conception of pollen source area has attracted broadly attention since it was proposed in the 1960s. In this paper,it can be subdivided into Normal Source Area of Pollen (NSAP) and Relevant Source Area of Pollen (RSAP) based on reviewing former studies and our recent work of vegetation survey and pollen analysis in the Northern China. The NSAP means a source area of pollen input a sedimentary basin,indicating a distance area beyond where the pollen contents of major pollen types do not show evident increase with increased distance. The RSAP means a source area of pollen assemblages in a basin has the closest relationship with surrounding plants,indicating a distance area beyond where the relationship between pollen assemblage and surrounding vegetation do not show obvious increase with increased distance. The changes of sedimentary basins radii and pollen grain size influence the NSAP and RSAP evidently. Wind speed also changes the NSAP, but does not significantly affect RSAP. The pollen of a sedimentary basin is composed of local pollen,regional pollen and extra regional pollen,which usually account for 30%~45%,25%~60% and 10%~30%,respectively. Local pollen which refers to the pollen coming within the RSAP range,is a reflection of the surrounding vegetation,and has important implications to the reconstruction and succession of local vegetation. Regional pollen which refers to the pollen coming from within the range of NSAP and excluding the range of local pollen,is the important carrier of studies for vegetation restoration and climate change. The pollen that comes outside the range of NSAP is called Extra regional pollen,which is mainly from greater distance by upper air flow,and has no indicator significance to the regional vegetation.     

Reviews on Potash Deposit Metallogenic Conditions

Potash salt is one of key scarce strategic resources. Searching for large scale of potash salt deposit is one big problerm which Chinese academic community faces. Many new discoveries of world potash deposit have been made in recent ten years, which provide abundant practical information and complement the potash metallogenic theory. Through the summary of the potash forming characteristics at home and abroad, the paper studies the potash forming time, tectonic condition, paleogeographic condition, paleoclimate, basin location and salt source. Potash is mainly formed in Permian, Cretaceous, late Jurassic, Cambrian and Devonian. The combination of structure and environment helps to form large scale of evaporation. The climate cycle is related with crust activity. As the other ore deposit, the formation of potash ore also needs dry climate. Potash is the product of final stage in brine evolution, and therefore, it needs persistent drought climate. However, the climate condition is very complicated. Drought climate belt also occurs in humid climate stage, which is controlled by geomorphology. Potash ore can also form in local drought condition. Generally, potash forms in rock salt basin. However, the actual situation is very complicated. Some potash basin is coincided with rock salt basin, some is on one side of rock salt basin; and some are even in the outside of rock salt basin. Salt materials can be from three sources: marine source, terrigenous source and deep source.The paper gives an overview of the research status about the potash deposit forming conditions, which has great guiding significance for searching potash deposit in China. The paper also summarizes the three types of metallogenic models for potash deposit, including epicontinental metallogenic model, abnormal marine evaporation model and rift valley model. The three models are mainly different in material sources, in which the potash in epicontinental metallogenic model is from seawater; the potash in abnormal evaporation model is from nonmarine brine and the potash in rift valley model is mainly from deep material of volcanic activity.     

1912—1949年中国地理学者的发展特征分析

本文基于多种资料,梳理了1912—1949年中国地理学者姓名、生卒年、籍贯、领域、教育与工作经历等数据,从来源、增长、结构3个层面讨论当时中国地理学者发展进程。研究发现1912—1949年间：① 地理学者在来源层面可分舆地学者、外聘地理学者、现代学制培养地理学者（含有交集关系的国内培养学者、留学培养学者、跨学科学者）3种类型,不同类型群体对地理学者发展的影响差异明显;② 地理学者数量发展可分1912—1927年波动增长,1928—1939年持续增长,1940—1941年急速增长和1942—1949年放缓增长4个时期;③ 中国地理学者学科结构、领域结构、学缘结构、地域结构、年龄结构、性别结构等方面均表现为失衡但失衡程度趋于降低的态势;④ 地理学者发展与地理教学、研究机构发展关系密切,特别是高等地理教学机构对地理学者发展有多重影响。1912—1949年中国地理学者的发展为中国科学地理学的持续进步奠定了人才基础,其过程同时是中国近现代地理学转型的一个侧面。     

富锂盐湖中锂的物质来源和流体来源

锂资源是新技术、民用和军工行业的重要原料,全球富锂盐湖多分布在板块俯冲带和碰撞带以及板块转换带,卤水中的锂资源量占全球锂资源总量的80%。富锂盐湖中的锂主要来自于深部和浅部的水-岩作用、早期的含盐岩系以及岩浆作用,其次是盆地周围岩石的风化以及大气来源。富锂盐湖流体主要来源是大气降水、地表水、地下水、再循环卤水和岩浆水以及其它流体。地表水和地下水为富锂盐湖中锂的重要来源,其次是岩浆水和再循环卤水。岩浆作用对于富锂盐湖的形成至关重要,其不仅直接为富锂盐湖带来了成矿物质和成矿流体,还为其中的水—岩反应提供了热源。不过,幔源组成对于富锂盐湖的贡献度还需要作进一步研究。