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951.
A focussing function is a specially constructed field that focusses on to a purely downgoing pulse at a specified subsurface position upon injection into the medium. Such focussing functions are key ingredients in the Marchenko method and in its applications such as retrieving Green's functions, redatuming, imaging with multiples and synthesizing the response of virtual sources/receiver arrays at depth. In this study, we show how the focussing function and its corresponding focussed response at a specified subsurface position are heavily influenced by the aperture of the source/receiver array at the surface. We describe such effects by considering focussing functions in the context of time-domain imaging, offering explicit connections between time processing and Marchenko focussing. In particular, we show that the focussed response radiates in the direction perpendicular to the line drawn from the centre of the surface data array aperture to the focussed position in the time-imaging domain, that is, in time-migration coordinates. The corresponding direction in the Cartesian domain follows from the sum (superposition) of the time-domain direction and the directional change due to time-to-depth conversion. Therefore, the result from this study provides a better understanding of focussing functions and has implications in applications such as the construction of amplitude-preserving redatuming and imaging, where the directional dependence of the focussed response plays a key role in controlling amplitude distortions. 相似文献
952.
莱州湾沉积物有机质来源 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
应用C/N、δ13C、δ15N解析了莱州湾沉积物有机质来源,发现湾内有机质主要存在海洋、河口浮游植物以及陆地有机质3种来源。通过C/N、δ13C定量示踪,发现海洋浮游植物是湾内沉积物有机质的最主要来源,相对含量在41.6%—58.5%之间。河口浮游植物有机质、陆源有机质相对含量波动较大,分别在3.8%—43.8%、0—53.5%之间。海洋浮游植物有机质在整个海湾都表现出较高含量。近岸河口附近海域往往表现出高含量的河口浮游植物有机质特征,陆源有机质含量较高区域大都集中在黄河口周围海域,高河口浮游植物有机质以及高陆源有机质特征在黄河口周围海域均有出现。 相似文献
953.
954.
Stable inversions for complete moment tensors 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
The seismic moment tensors for certain types of sources, such as volcanic earthquakes and nuclear explosions are expected to contain an isotropic component. Some earlier efforts to calculate the isotropic component of these sources are flawed due to an error in the method of Jost & Herrmann. We corrected the method after Herrmann & Hutchensen and found great improvement in the recovery of non-double-couple moment tensors that include an isotropic component. Tests with synthetic data demonstrate the stability of the corrected linear inversion method, and we recalculate the moment tensor solutions reported in Dreger et al. for Long Valley caldera events and Dreger & Woods for Nevada Test Site nuclear explosions. We confirm the findings of Dreger et al. that the Long Valley volcanic sources contain large statistically significant isotropic components. The nuclear explosions have strikingly anomalous source mechanisms, which contain very large isotropic components, making it evident that these events are not tectonic in origin. This indicates that moment tensor inversions could be an important tool for nuclear monitoring. 相似文献
955.
Standard data and methods, such as the inversion of seismic and GPS data, have been used extensively to infer the details of the 2004 December 26 earthquake. The unprecedented large size of this event gave the opportunity to modern altimeters to provide the first clear records of a tsunami in deep ocean, therefore allowing us to study the rupture history from an independent perspective. We invert the Jason-1 and Topex–Poseidon altimetry records, considering the new constraints available on the geometry of the fault plane, and taking them into account in a 3-D rupture model. The data are corrected for the non-negligible effect of satellite motion during measurements. Our results show that the rupture propagated over the 1500 km of subduction zone initially identified by the aftershock distribution, with a magnitude of M w = 9.1 . Our solution compares well with the latitudinal distribution of slip inferred from other data sets, with a maximum of energy release north of Sumatra, and two other slip patches near the Nicobar and Andaman islands. Based on waveform comparison, we assert that the shallow portion of the megathrust offshore Banda Aceh had slip amplitudes of more than 20 m. Also, we find that significant amounts of slip (about 10 m) concentrated below the Andaman islands and did not propagate on the shallow portion of the interface. Although synthetic tests tend to show less resolution in the northern part of the rupture, this solution is compatible with the near-field data (GPS, coral heads and imagery), and would allow one to explain the apparent paradox between the large local displacements and the moderate tsunami observed locally. Finally, we demonstrate the rapidly dominating effect of propagation and slip distribution over the rupture velocity, and how it precludes the direct estimate of this latter parameter. 相似文献
956.
由震源机制和地震波各向异性探讨青藏高原岩石圈变形 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:9
本文据青藏高原天然地震震源参数和地震波各向异性资料,讨论了高原岩圈不同圈层的变形特性。 相似文献
957.
选取晋冀蒙交界地区固定和临时测震台网记录的2014-2016年地震波形资料,采用近震Brune模型,结合遗传算法,反演计算298次ML ≥ 2.0中小地震视应力值,分析震源参数之间的标度关系,并按照震中分区,分析不同地区视应力时序变化特征及不同震级区间视应力空间分布特征,发现该区多处存在视应力高值现象,地震多发生于视应力高值异常及附近地区,与断裂带有一定对应关系。 相似文献
958.
渤海、黄海、东海沉积物中矿物组合的研究 总被引:12,自引:2,他引:12
本文对黄海、渤海、东海以及长江、黄河、辽河表层沉积物中的轻、重矿物进行了研究。分析资料表明,调查区内共有三种类型的矿物:陆源矿物、自生矿物和海底火山喷发形成的火山型矿物。根据轻、重矿物组合的差异,可把调查区分成8个矿物区。其物质来源主要为黄河与长江。黄河物质主要沉积在黄海、渤海;长江物质沉积在东海陆架区,而冲绳海槽则发现有海底火山喷发物质与浊流沉积。 相似文献
959.
960.