孔内纠偏与造斜技术在松塔水电站地质勘探中的特殊应用

介绍了孔内纠偏与造斜技术在处理怒江松塔水电站孔内事故中的特殊应用。在覆盖层钻探中由于地层软硬不均,使得套管偏斜,阻碍了钻探工作的Jt~,J进行,使用纠偏技术进行钻孔纠偏,保证了孔壁垂直,提高了钻进质量;在破碎岩石中钻进,由于地层破碎塌孔造成埋钻使得钻进无法进行,如果废孔将会造成成孔成本的巨大浪费,使用孔内造斜技术进行孔内事故的处理,有效地消除了埋钻造成的不利影响,保证了钻探工作继续进行。孔内纠偏与造斜技术在怒江松塔水电站深厚覆盖层及破碎岩石钻探中发挥了很好的作用,具有一定的推广应用价值。     

青海木里煤田永久冻土地层钻探技术研究

木里煤田属高寒缺氧地区,冻土（岩）层在钻进中遇热融解、融化,从而使孔内出现大范围的坍塌,造成卡钻、埋钻事故频发,给钻探施工及岩煤心采取带来很大的困难。从钻孔结构设计、钻具选择、低温冲洗液配置等方面进行深入研究,总结出来了一套适用于木里煤田永久冻土地层的钻探技术。应用表明,该项技术将钻月效率从2004年的224m,提高到2006年的424.5m,效果显著。     

钻井成井工艺对出水量的影响分析及技术措施

通过2口基岩深井施工实例,分析、探讨了钻井成井工艺对出水量的影响以及应采取的针对性技术措施,可为同类水井的钻进成井施工提供一些有益的借鉴。     

EXPLORATION ENGINEERING

正20141864 Deng Mengchun(Institute of Exploration Technology,CAGS,Chengdu 611734,China);Huang Shenghui Rock Sample Collection and Division Technologies for Air Reverse Circulation Sampling Drilling(Exploration Engineering,ISSN1672-7428,CN11-5063/TD,40(7),2013,p.73-76,80,16 illus.,5 refs.)     

人防工程平战转换浅谈

人防工程是城市地下工程的重要组成部分,是一个城市抗灾救灾不可缺少的生命线工程。通过对地下建筑工程的平战转换设计、施工、建筑材料的开发和研究,做到非人防工程在战时、自然灾害情况下能顺利、限时、安全地转换为地下掩护体。     

煤层气定向井的施工工艺

沁煤盆地郑庄区煤层气井设计为丛式定向井，井身结构设计为直井段、造斜段、稳斜段。其中丛式井直井段设计为二开结构。在不同井段采用不同钻具组合，钻进参数及成井工艺也各不相同。在钻进过程中，为最大限度地发挥煤层气的开采效果，全孔采用清水作为钻井液，并使用了有线随钻测量系统和大功率钻探设备，钻进效果明显，全孔满足设计要求。     

科学深钻DPI-1智能化多功能钻参仪的研制与应用研究

在科学钻探中,智能化钻参仪被称为“钻井工程的眼睛”。根据深部钻探项目需要,研制了一套DPI-1智能化多功能钻参仪系统,它能检测多路关键钻进参数,自动生成电子班报表,建立数据库管理系统,完成数据近程基地无线传输和远程网络传输。科学钻探现场试验证明,该系统安装简便、测试精度高、稳定性好、实用性强,可广泛适用于配套转盘钻机、立轴钻机、全液压钻机等不同类型钻机。     

钻孔护壁与堵漏技术——以钱营孜煤矿东一采区补勘为例

钱营孜煤矿东一采区地层复杂,在基岩胶结界面附近易发生钻孔漏失,给钻探施工造成困难,通过分析钻孔漏失原因,根据施工地层情况,有针对性的采取护壁与堵漏技术措施,确保了钻探施工任务完成.     

Use of the Acoustic Energy Meter (AEM) for rapid geomorphological field assessment of rock hardness: comparison with Schmidt hammer R‐value

Rapid, field‐based assessments of rock hardness are required in a broad range of geomorphological investigations where rock intact strength is important. Several different methods are now available for taking such measurements, in particular the Schmidt hammer, which has seen increasing use in geomorphology in recent decades. This is despite caution from within the engineering literature regarding choice of Schmidt hammer type, normalization of rebound (R‐) values, surface micro‐roughness, weathering degree and moisture content, and data reduction/analysis procedures. We present a pilot study of the use of an Acoustic Energy Meter (AEM), originally produced, tested and developed within the field of underground mining engineering as a rapid measure of rock surface hardness, and compare it with results from a mechanical N‐Type Schmidt hammer. We assess its capabilities across six lithological study sites in southeast Queensland, Australia, in the Greater Brisbane area. Each rock exposure has been recently exposed in the 20th/21st century. Using a ‘paired’ sampling approach, the AEM G‐value shows an inverse relationship with Schmidt hammer R‐value. While both devices show variability with lithology, the AEM G‐values show less scatter than the Schmidt hammer. We conclude that each device can contribute to useful rock hardness testing in geomorphological research, but the AEM requires further field testing in a range of environments, and in particular on older and naturally‐exposed rock surfaces. Future evaluations can extend this pilot study by focusing on sampling procedures, energy sources, and data reduction protocols, within the framework of a comparison study with other rock hardness testing apparatus. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Prediction of river water temperature: a comparison between a new family of hybrid models and statistical approaches

River water temperature is a key physical variable controlling several chemical, biological and ecological processes. Its reliable prediction is a main issue in many environmental applications, which however is hampered by data scarcity, when using data‐demanding deterministic models, and modelling limitations, when using simpler statistical models. In this work we test a suite of models belonging to air2stream family, which are characterized by a hybrid formulation that combines a physical derivation of the key equation with a stochastic calibration of parameters. The air2stream models rely solely on air temperature and streamflow, and are of similar complexity as standard statistical models. The performances of the different versions of air2stream in predicting river water temperature are compared with those of the most common statistical models typically used in the literature. To this aim, a dataset of 38 Swiss rivers is used, which includes rivers classified into four different categories according to their hydrological characteristics: low‐land natural rivers, lake outlets, snow‐fed rivers and regulated rivers. The results of the analysis provide practical indications regarding the type of model that is most suitable to simulate river water temperature across different time scales (from daily to seasonal) and for different hydrological regimes. A model intercomparison exercise suggests that the family of air2stream hybrid models generally outperforms statistical models, while cross‐validation conducted over a 30‐year period indicates that they can be suitably adopted for long‐term analyses. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.