华北陆块北缘区域矿床成矿谱系探讨

区域矿床成矿谱系是区域成矿规律研究的重要内容，指一个区域内地质构造环境演化过程中成矿作用的演化及时空结构。在华北陆块北缘划分出18个矿床成矿系列，讨论了它们的分布特点。华北陆块北缘区域矿床成矿谱系证实该区域经历四个主要的地壳演化及成矿时期，依次出现太古宙克拉通矿床、元古宙陆内-陆缘裂陷带矿床、古生代陆间增生褶皱系和陆内盖层矿床、中生代构造-岩浆活动带矿床，存在三个(3000～2500Ma，1900～1400Ma和180～140Ma)成矿作用高峰。成矿谱系指示了从太古宙进入元古宙时，海水和大气的氧化还原电位明显升高的过程。成矿谱系研究意义重大。     

U–Pb perovskite ages for brazilian kamafugitic rocks: further support for a temporal link to a mantle plume hotspot track

We present the results of a U–Pb perovskite age study of kamafugites from Mata da Corda (MC) and Santo Antônio da Barra (SAB), Minas-Goiás alkaline province, Brazil. Perovskite crystals were separated from MC mafurites, ugandites, and cognate pyroxenites, as well as from SAB melilite mafurite. The range of ages of Brazilian kamafugitic samples is 15 Ma. The ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U perovskite ages generally cluster into three age groupings: 88–90, 80–81, and 75–76 Ma. The two younger periods of kamafugitic magmatism occur in the MC area, whereas the older samples are from the SAB area. These new age results provide the first robust evidence of a progressive eastward younging of mafic alkaline magmatism, most likely related to a mantle plume hotspot track.     

甘肃白银厂矿田锆石红外光谱特征和地质年龄估测

应用矿物红外光谱学的方法系统研究了白银厂地区7件锆石同位素年龄样品的红外光谱。测定结果表明，3件样品的吸收峰强而窄，整体线形与标准的晶质锆石谱线相符合；其余4件样品的吸收相对较弱，峰形圆钝；谱线均有不同程度向变生锆石特征谱线的演化，以变生程度最高的LGG-6为尤。根据615cm^-1吸收峰的H／M值可将所研究样品分为晶质锆石、半变生锆石和变生锆石三类，并利用锆石红外光谱特征估测了铀钍含量和地质年龄。同时还评估了相应样品的U-Pb同位素年龄的可靠性。     

Optical dating of Holocene sediments from a variety of geomorphic settings using single grains of quartz

This paper presents an improved method for the optical dating of Holocene sediments from a variety of geomorphic settings. We have measured the equivalent dose (D_e) in individual grains of quartz, using green laser light for optical stimulation, and have simulated the D_e distributions for multiple-grain ‘synthetic’ aliquots using the single-grain data. For 12 samples of known (independent) age, we show that application of a ‘minimum age model’ to the single-grain and ‘small’ (10-grain) aliquot D_e data provides the most accurate estimate of the burial dose for nine of the samples examined (3 aeolian, 5 fluvial, and 1 marine). The weighted mean D_e (as obtained using the ‘central age model’) gives rise to burial age overestimates of up to a factor of 10 for these nine samples, whether single grains, small aliquots, or ‘large’ (100-grain) aliquots are used. For the other three samples (two aeolian and one fluvial), application of either the minimum age model or the central age model to the single-grain, small aliquot, and large aliquot D_e data yields burial ages in accord with the independent age control. We infer that these three samples were well bleached at the time of deposition. These results show that heterogeneous bleaching of the optical dating signal is commonplace in nature, and that aeolian transport offers no guarantee that the sample will be well bleached at the time of deposition. We also show that grains sensitive to infrared (IR) stimulation can give rise to low D_e values, which will result in significant underestimation of the burial dose and, hence, of the age of deposition. We demonstrate that use of a modified single-aliquot regenerative-dose protocol incorporating IR stimulation prior to green light stimulation deals effectively with contamination by IR-sensitive grains. We conclude that application of the modified protocol to single grains or small aliquots of quartz, using the lowest D_e population to estimate the burial dose, is the best means of obtaining reliable ages for Holocene sediments from a wide range of depositional environments.     

东大别地区磷灰石裂变径迹年龄的构造意义初析

东大别山地区磷灰石裂变径迹年龄值为59.4±3.4～105.6±9.8Ma,具跨度较大,空间分布不均匀,沿主要断裂走向及倾向均不连续的特点。磷灰石裂变径迹年龄的这些特点暗示的构造意义可能是:自燕山运动以来研究区的构造抬升为缓慢且不均匀格局;晓天—磨子潭断裂中段在第三纪时可能有逆冲活动;由磷灰石封闭径迹长度及单颗粒磷灰石年龄进行的初步热历史模拟分析显示,距今约45～55Ma,郯庐断裂和晓天—磨子潭断裂曾再次活动,前者活动规模较后者大;断裂活动可能是该区不均匀构造抬升的主要控制因素之一。     

Polymetamorphism of the Variscan Basement of the Moldanubian Black Forest （Germany） Documented in Zircon and Garnet Minerals from Gneisses

High-grade metamorphic Variscan basement is exposed in the Moldanubian zone of the Black Forest (BF), being the internal zone of the European Variscan belt. Zircon grains from K-rich felsic orthogneisses and an anatectic paragneiss in the Moldanubian Black Forest demonstrate a multi-stage crystallization at ～ 600 Ma, ～ 480 Ma, ～ 400 - 380 Ma, and ～350 Ma. The last three stages of crystallization probably represent metamorphic overprint during pre-Variscan and Variscan metamorphism.Using stepwise leaching procedures, garnet minerals from felsic orthogneisses as well as paragneisses in the Moldanubian Black Forest yielded Early Carboniferous Sm-Nd ages (～ 330- 340 Ma), which are consistent with the well-constrained Variscan HT metamorphic event,and Early Palaeozoic ( ～480 Ma) to Devonian ( ～400 - 370 Ma) Pb-Pb ages. The coincidence of growth time for zircon and garnet minerals at Early Palaeozoic is interpreted as dating a metamorphic event. These garnet data demonstrate that the Moldanubian BF basement underwent at least two metamorphic events during the Early Palaeozoic and Early Carboniferous.During the Variscan HT metamorphism, the Sm-Nd system of garnet was disturbed, but not the U-Pb system, implying the peak metamorphic temperature was lower than ～800℃.     

云南兰坪盆地攀天阁组火山岩的Rb-Sr年龄

云南兰坪盆地是三江造山带非常重要的沉积盆地 ,对该盆地的构造属性的认识存在较大的分歧 ,原因之一是对发育在盆地范围内的一套火山岩的形成时代一直没有确切的年龄数据 ,从而造成对火山岩的性质和构造背景认识上的差异。采用 Rb- Sr同位素年代学方法对出露在兰坪盆地剑川马登剖面攀天阁组的流纹岩的年龄进行了研究 ,获得了火山岩的平均年龄为 2 36± 32 Ma的数据 ,结合接触关系和上下地层的时代 ,认为攀天阁组的时代归属为中三叠世 L adinia期     

A deep drillcore from the Morokweng impact structure, South Africa: petrography, geochemistry, and constraints on the crater size

The Morokweng impact structure in South Africa was formed 145 Ma ago, at the time of the minor mass extinction that marks the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary. Previous size estimates for the Morokweng impact structure ranged between 70 and 340 km, and those workers favoring a very large size speculated on the role that the Morokweng impact might have played in relation to this mass extinction. Consequently, the actual size of this impact structure has wide-ranging implications. Petrographic and geochemical analyses, combined with SHRIMP U-Pb single zircon chronology, of a >3400 m long drillcore from about 40 km west of the center of the Morokweng impact structure show that this borehole is most likely located outside the impact structure, limiting the maximum crater diameter to <80 km. While the formation of a <80 km impact structure in continental terrane probably did not engender global biological consequences, it is possible that a series of impact events at J/K boundary time could have caused environmental stress on a worldwide scale. The terrestrial impact crater record does list several smaller structures of similar ages to that of the Morokweng structure. The results of this study are also significant for South African Archean geology. Late Archean (2.6-2.8 Ga) granitoids in the crust of the Kaapvaal Craton are much more widespread than previously thought. The overprint of the Namaquan-Kibaran orogenesis at 1.2-0.9 Ga along the western and southern margin of the craton is significant even in the far North West Province of South Africa.     

张北地震区的断裂构造特征

1998年1月10日张北6．2级地震发生在张家口坝上地区，震区被中、上新世溢流玄武岩覆盖，第四系地层0－3m。电磁波遥感探测结果表明，张北震区存在NEE、NWW和NE向三组断裂。野外调查证实NWW向的小水泉－－满井断裂，尚义县套里庄乡东水泉南北向断裂和赤城－－尚义大断理解的东西向次级断裂都明显错断中、上新世玄武岩及其夹层。热释光（TL）年龄测定结果表明，这三条断裂的最新活动时代分别为16．7万年，20．3万年和14．3万年。张北地震发生在NEE、NE和NWW向三组断裂的交汇区附近，NWW向的小水泉－－满井断裂是发震断裂。     

The youngest blueschist belt in SW Japan: implication for the exhumation of the Cretaceous Sanbagawa high-P/T metamorphic belt

The tectonic evolution of the Northern Shimanto belt, central Shikoku, Japan, was examined based on petrological and geochronological studies in the Oboke area, where mafic schists of the Kawaguchi Formation contain sodic amphibole (magnesioriebeckite). The peak P–T conditions of metamorphism are estimated as 4–4.5 kbar (15–17 km depth), and 240–270 °C based on available phase equilibria and sodic amphibole compositions. These metamorphic conditions are transitional between blueschist, greenschist and pumpellyite–actinolite facies. Phengite K–Ar ages of 64.8 ± 1.4 and 64.4 ± 1.4 Ma were determined for the mafic schists, and 65.0 ± 1.4, 61.4 ± 1.3 and 63.6 ± 1.4 Ma for the pelitic schists. The metamorphic temperatures in the Oboke area are below the closure temperature of the K–Ar phengite system, so the K–Ar ages date the metamorphic peak in the Northern Shimanto belt. In the broad sense of the definition of blueschist facies, the highest‐grade part of the Northern Shimanto belt belongs to the blueschist facies. Our study and those of others identify the following constraints on the possible mechanism that led to the exhumation of the overlying Sanbagawa belt: (i) the Sanbagawa belt is a thin tectonic slice with a structural thickness of 3–4 km; (ii) within the belt, metamorphic conditions varied from 5 to 25 kbar, and 300 to 800 °C, with the grade of metamorphism decreasing symmetrically upward and downward from a structurally intermediate position; and (iii) the Sanbagawa metamorphic rocks were exhumed from ～60 km depth and emplaced onto the Northern Shimanto metamorphic rocks at 15–17 km depth and 240–270 °C. Integration of these results with those of previous geological studies for the Sanbagawa belt suggests that the most probable exhumation mechanism is wedge extrusion.