The youngest blueschist belt in SW Japan: implication for the exhumation of the Cretaceous Sanbagawa high-P/T metamorphic belt

The tectonic evolution of the Northern Shimanto belt, central Shikoku, Japan, was examined based on petrological and geochronological studies in the Oboke area, where mafic schists of the Kawaguchi Formation contain sodic amphibole (magnesioriebeckite). The peak P–T conditions of metamorphism are estimated as 4–4.5 kbar (15–17 km depth), and 240–270 °C based on available phase equilibria and sodic amphibole compositions. These metamorphic conditions are transitional between blueschist, greenschist and pumpellyite–actinolite facies. Phengite K–Ar ages of 64.8 ± 1.4 and 64.4 ± 1.4 Ma were determined for the mafic schists, and 65.0 ± 1.4, 61.4 ± 1.3 and 63.6 ± 1.4 Ma for the pelitic schists. The metamorphic temperatures in the Oboke area are below the closure temperature of the K–Ar phengite system, so the K–Ar ages date the metamorphic peak in the Northern Shimanto belt. In the broad sense of the definition of blueschist facies, the highest‐grade part of the Northern Shimanto belt belongs to the blueschist facies. Our study and those of others identify the following constraints on the possible mechanism that led to the exhumation of the overlying Sanbagawa belt: (i) the Sanbagawa belt is a thin tectonic slice with a structural thickness of 3–4 km; (ii) within the belt, metamorphic conditions varied from 5 to 25 kbar, and 300 to 800 °C, with the grade of metamorphism decreasing symmetrically upward and downward from a structurally intermediate position; and (iii) the Sanbagawa metamorphic rocks were exhumed from ～60 km depth and emplaced onto the Northern Shimanto metamorphic rocks at 15–17 km depth and 240–270 °C. Integration of these results with those of previous geological studies for the Sanbagawa belt suggests that the most probable exhumation mechanism is wedge extrusion.     

Potassium–Argon Ages of the Epithermal Gold–Silver Mineralization in the Haenam–Jindo Area,Southwestern Korea

The Haenam–Jindo area, located on the southwestern margin of the Korean Peninsula, was the site of vigorous volcanic activity during the Late Cretaceous and Early Tertiary periods. Large parts of the area record strong hydrothermal alteration, and there exist many clay–alunite and gold–silver deposits. We undertook potassium–argon (K–Ar) age dating of five mineral samples (including adularia, sericite and alunite) from the Eunsan, Moisan and Gasado epithermal gold–silver deposits in this area. The purities of the samples were confirmed by X‐ray diffraction analysis. The K–Ar ages of adularia from the Eunsan deposit and adularia and sericite from the Moisan deposit (related to gold–silver mineralization) are 75.0 ± 1.6, 74.7 ± 1.6 and 75.1 ± 1.6 Ma, respectively. The similarity of these ages, combined with the close proximity and similar geochemical characteristics of the deposits, indicates that the mineralization occurred as part of a single hydrothermal system. The K–Ar ages of alunite at the surface and adularia at depth within the Gasado deposit are 82.2 ± 1.9 and 70.7 ± 1.9 Ma, respectively, revealing that the clay–alunite and gold–silver mineralization formed at different ages. K–Ar age data indicate that the gold–silver mineralization in this area occurred mainly at 75–70 Ma, resulting from hydrothermal activity in the Haenam–Jindo area (82–70 Ma). This is the first time that the mineralization of precious metals in Korea has been identified during this period.     

甘肃北山算井子埃达克质花岗岩年代学、地球化学特征及其构造意义

算井子埃达克质花岗岩体由中粗粒片麻状黑云母花岗闪长岩、中粗粒黑云母花岗闪长岩和中细粒黑云母二长花岗岩3个岩相单元组成,其为同一次岩浆熔融事件过程中曾经发生过三次岩浆侵入活动而形成的深成岩体。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,算井子埃达克质花岗岩体侵位于早石炭世(350.0～351.7Ma),为海西中期的产物。该岩体总体富硅(SiO_2为67.81%～70.93%),富铝(Al_2O_3为14.94%～16.07%),全碱含量中等(K_2O+Na_2O为6.01%～6.74%),K_2O/Na_2O为0.37～0.69,富含钠质成分,而Ti、Ca、Fe和Mg(MgO为0.99%～1.61%)含量较低,(K_2O+Na_2O)/Al_2O_3为0.37～0.45,A/CNK为0.95～1.03,属于准铝质-弱过铝质钙碱性花岗岩。微量元素Sr含量(409×10~(-6)～548×10~(-6))较高,而Y(8.1×10~(-6)～17.7×10~(-6))和Yb(0.83×10~(-6)～1.73×10~(-6))含量较低,总体上富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)K、Rb、Ba和高场强元素(HFSE)Th,而亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta和Ti,稀土元素的球粒陨石标准化配分曲线呈右倾型,轻重稀土分馏大,轻稀土富集且分异明显,而重稀土亏损且分异不显著,具轻微的铕异常(δEu=0.64～1.13),与典型的埃达克岩特征相似。年代学及地球化学特征研究表明:(1)算井子岩体属准铝质-弱过铝质未分异的Ⅰ型花岗岩,并具有典型的埃达克岩特征;(2)岩浆源于俯冲板片流体交代地幔楔诱发下地壳玄武质岩石部分熔融源区,并在岩浆上升过程中混染了火山弧物质;(3)岩体形成于海西中期活动大陆边缘的火山弧环境,推测其南侧的塔里木板块和哈萨克斯坦板块的俯冲-碰撞效应可能一直持续到早石炭世。     

宜昌上奥陶统钾质斑脱岩锆石U- Pb年龄、Lu- Hf同位素特征及其源区示踪意义

中扬子宜昌黄花场地区上奥陶统五峰组内出露多层钾质斑脱岩,斑脱岩以伊蒙混层黏土矿物为主,同时含六方双锥石英、锆石、磷灰石及铁质微球粒等,地球化学成分具有高钾、岛弧火山岩的特征。五峰组底部第一层斑脱岩ε_(Nd)(t)为-3.83,锆石U-Pb年龄445.4±2.0Ma,锆石ε_(Hf)(t)介于2.7～7.3之间,加权平均值为4.67±0.89,t_(DM2)值965～1249Ma,加权平均为1127±55Ma。五峰组中第八层斑脱岩ε_(Nd)(t)为-7.92,锆石U-Pb年龄444.1±2.2Ma,锆石ε_(Hf)(t)介于-6.6～-11.2之间,加权平均值为-8.74±0.88,t_(DM2)值1840～2130Ma,加权平均为1973±55Ma。斑脱岩的矿物成分、地球化学元素特征、锆石U-Pb年龄及Hf同位素特征表明其可能来自于早古生代扬子北缘秦岭地区的火山爆发,同时也限定了临湘组和五峰组界限年龄为(445.4±2.0)Ma,这些斑脱岩的频繁出现预示着晚奥陶世生物灭绝更替等重大地质事件的开端。     

A new cache of Eoarchaean detrital zircons from the Singhbhum craton,eastern India and constraints on early Earth geodynamics

The dominant geodynamic processes that underpin the formation and evolution of Earth’s early crust remain enigmatic calling for new information from less studied ancient cratonic nuclei.Here,we present U-Pb ages and Hf isotopic compositions of detrital zircon grains from^2.9 Ga old quartzites and magmatic zircon from a 3.505 Ga old dacite from the Iron Ore Group of the Singhbhum craton,eastern India.The detrital zircon grains range in age between 3.95 Ga and 2.91 Ga.Together with the recently reported Hadean,Eoarchean xenocrystic(up to 4.24 Ga)and modem detritus zircon grains from the Singhbhum craton,our results suggest that the Eoarchean detrital zircons represent crust generated by recycling of Hadean felsic crust formed at^4.3-4.2 Ga and^3.95 Ga.We observe a prominent shift in Hf isotope compositions at^3.6-3.5 Ga towards super-chondritic values,which signify an increased role for depleted mantle and the relevance of plate tectonics.The Paleo-,Mesoarchean zircon Hf isotopic record in the craton indicates crust generation involving the role of both depleted and enriched mantle sources.We infer a short-lived suprasubduction setting around^3.6-3.5 Ga followed by mantle plume activity during the Paleo-,Mesoarchean crust formation in the Singhbhum craton.The Singhbhum craton provides an additional repository for Earth’s oldest materials.     

鄂尔多斯盆地周缘地壳形成与演化历史:来自锆石U-Pb年龄与Hf同位素组成的证据

锆石U-Pb定年及Hf同位素测定结果表明,鄂尔多斯盆地周缘的华北板块北缘、兴蒙造山系及扬子板块-秦岭-大别-苏鲁造山带等构造单元系统具有明显不同的形成与演化历史。华北板块北缘锆石年龄平均值为1 837 Ma,最强烈的岩浆活动出现于2 200~1 800 Ma,该期锆石约占全部的40%;次为强烈的岩浆活动在2 800~2 200 Ma,其众数在全部锆石中约占30%;1 500~1 200 Ma、500~100 Ma这两个阶段形成的锆石在全区所占比例各约为15%。华北板块北缘最突出的特征是基本不含1 000~700 Ma期间形成的锆石,>3 000 Ma的锆石在全区分布极为有限。锆石Hf同位素亏损地幔模式年龄表明华北板块北缘平均值为2.55 Ga,较U-Pb平均年龄老,说明2 200~1 800 Ma期间形成的锆石含有较多的古老地壳再循环组分。Hf亏损地幔模式年龄最强峰值约为2.8 Ga,与全岩Nd亏损地幔模式年龄的峰值相一致,Hf模式年龄为3.0~2.25 Ga的颗粒占全部的近95%,证明华北板块北缘的地壳增生主要在太古宙至古元古代期间。Hf同位素亏损地幔模式年龄>3.0 Ga的锆石颗粒所占比例不到0.1%,另外近5%锆石的模式年龄分布于中元古代。晚古生代-中生代所形成的锆石均是先存地壳组分,尤其是中元古代增生地壳的熔融作用形成。兴蒙造山系中锆石U-Pb年龄平均值为497 Ma,最强峰分布于石炭纪(约320 Ma),石炭纪-二叠纪末(350~250 Ma)形成的锆石所占比例达30%以上。新元古代至早古生代(600~440 Ma)形成的锆石占全部锆石的55%以上,而中元古代末-新元古代期间(1 200~600 Ma)形成的锆石在全区仅占4%。中元古代以前形成的锆石非常有限,说明该区最早形成的地壳组分在兴蒙造山系的形成过程中较充分地参与到后期的岩浆作用过程中。兴蒙造山系中锆石相应的Hf同位素亏损地幔模式年龄平均为1.13 Ga,明显较相应的U-Pb年龄老,最强峰值出现于约0.6 Ga。Hf亏损地幔模式年龄为0.7~0.28 Ga的颗粒在兴蒙造山系所占比例达57%,证明该区最强烈的地壳增生发生于新元古代至古生代期间。Hf同位素亏损地幔模式年龄分布于1.5~0.7 Ga的锆石在全区约占38%,说明此期间也是该区地壳较强烈的增生期。Hf亏损地幔模式年龄大于1.5 Ga的锆石所占比例不到5%,古生代以后兴蒙造山系也基本没有明显的地壳增生。扬子与秦岭-大别-苏鲁造山带构造单元中的锆石U-Pb年龄平均为799 Ma,年龄为1 300~750 Ma的锆石在全部锆石中约占70%。晚古生代-燕山期形成的锆石约占20%。年龄在3 500~2 650 Ma、2 118~1 680 Ma的锆石在该区各约占5%。结合扬子与秦岭-大别-苏鲁造山带平均为1.56 Ga的Nd亏损地幔模式年龄特征,说明1 300~750 Ma期间该区较强烈的岩浆作用事件中有较多的古老地壳组分加入其中。锆石U-Pb年龄及Hf同位素组成均说明鄂尔多斯盆地周缘各构造单元具有不同的形成演化历史。地壳是幕式增长的,但各构造单元每幕发生的时间、强度存在明显差别。因此,由盆地中不同时代地层中碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄及Hf同位素组成及全岩Nd同位素特征的系统研究可反演盆地物源供给与周围构造单元之间的关系。     

Young Age for the Veritas Asteroid Family Confirmed?

We present a comprehensive analysis of the dynamics of Veritas family members located in a chaotic strip centeredat 3.174 AU. A total of 600 chaotic members of the family and their clones were integrated for 100 Myr, and the variation of the distance with respect to the barycenter of the family have been computed forall of them. A simple classification of the prevailing behaviors hasbeen introduced to help identify typical dynamical patterns and states that could affect an estimate of the upper bound to the age of the family. We pointed out the importance of the temporary captures in thequasi-stable states, which occur often enough to affect the statistical analysis of the exits. The results are compatible with the young age (<100 Myr) for the family of Veritas, but we cannot say precisely how young it really is. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The Early Jurassic magmatism in northern Guangdong Province,southeastern China: Constraints from SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating of Xialan complex

This paper reports SHRIMP zircon U-Pb ages of 196±2 Ma for granite, and 195±1 Ma for gabbro from the Xialan complex in the Meizhou area, northern Guangdong Province. These results shed new light on the calm stage of magmatic activity in southeastern China during 200-180 Ma, and revealed that the back-arc extension induced by the subduction of the western Pacific plate may have begun at 195 Ma at least. Field observation on the fresh outcrops allows us to recognize some features formed by magma mixing. A par...     

新疆北部晚石炭世至晚三叠世地壳热演化：——东准噶尔考克塞尔盖？…

在野外考察和室内研究的基础上,＾４０Ａｒ－＾３９Ａｒ定年揭示出新疆东准噶尔考克塞尔盖山前志留纪荒草坡群下组的主变质作用发生在石炭纪晚期,此后还受到了晚三叠世热事件的改造。结合区域地质资料,对新疆北部晚石岩世至三叠纪的地壳热演化进行了初步探讨。     

浙江中生代火山岩时代厘定和问题讨论：兼评Lapierre等关于浙江中？…

浙江中生代火山岩的时代长期以来存在不同意见,主要分岐为浙江磨石山群和浙西建德群时代窨是晚侏罗世、早白垩世、抑或晚白垩世。Ｌａｐｉｅｒｒｅ等（１９９７）的一文中据两条Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ等时线年龄,给出了如下论断;浙西火山活动（建德群）时代为１２４Ｍａ,划归为第一幕第一次岩浆事件;浙东（磨石山群）时代为９７Ｍａ,划归为第一幕第二次岩浆事件,而第二幕岩浆事件（指永康群）时代〈９７Ｍａ,本文就Ｌａｐｉｅｒｒｅ等文