南海珊瑚TIMS U-Th和14C年代学的对比研究

利用本实验室建立起来的TIMS U-Th 定年方法，测定南海一些全新世珊瑚的TIMS U-Th年龄，并同时测定其14C年龄，建立这两种年龄结果的校正关系，探讨南海全新世珊瑚高精度年代学方法。     

海洋沉积物质14C测年的若干问题

本文根据海洋沉积物质测年中的一些具体实例,结合国际上的研究动态,探讨了测年中表观年龄与储存效应及污染程度的关系。它从储存年龄的客观性角度强调了校正的必要性,并且对不同的海洋物质在测年中的可靠性做了探究,尤其就无机样品的误差形成原因及途径进行了分析,指出“死碳”的混入及碳酸盐物质缓慢的生长速率是主要的误差来源。     

Latest precambrian (Cadomian) zircon ages,Nd isotopic systematics and P-T evolution of granitoid orthogneisses of the Erzgebirge,Saxony and Czech Republic

Single zircons from two orthogneiss complexes, the Grey Gneiss and Red Gneiss, the lowermost tectonic units in the Erzgebirge, were dated. The grey Freiberg Gneiss is of igneous origin and has a ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb emplacement age of 550±7 Ma. A quartz monzonite from Lauenstein contains idiomorphic zircons with a mean ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb age of 555±7 Ma as well as xenocrysts ranging in age between 850 and 1910 Ma. Red gneisses from the central Erzgebirge contain complex zircon populations, including numerous xenocrysts up to 2464 Ma in age. The youngest, idiomorphic, zircons in all samples yielded uniform ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb ages between 550±9 and 554±10 Ma. Nd isotopic data support the interpretation of crustal anatexis for the origin of both units. _Nd(t) values for the grey gneisses are –7.5 and –6.0 respectively, (mean crustal residence ages of 1.7–1.8 Ga). The red gneisses have a wider range in _Nd(t) values from –7.7 to –2.8 (T _DM ages of 1.4–1.8 Ga). The zircon ages document a distinct late Proterozoic phase of granitoid magmatism, similar in age to granitoids in the Lusatian block farther north-east. However, Palaeozoic deformation as well as medium pressure metamorphism ( 8 kbar/600–650° C) are identical in both gneiss units and distinguish these rocks from the Lusatian granitoids. The grey and red gneisses were overthrust by units with abundant high-pressure relicts and a contrasting P-T evolution. Zircon xenocryst and Nd model ages in the range 1000–1700 Ma are similar to those in granitoid rocks of Lusatia and the West-Sudetes, and document a pre-Cadomian basement in parts of east-central Europe that, chronologically, has similarities with the Sveconorwegian domain in the Baltic Shield.     

Magnetostratigraphic dating of an intensification of glacial activity in the southern Italian Alps during Marine Isotope Stage 22

We applied magnetostratigraphy and mammal biostratigraphy to date climate-sensitive pollen cycles and lithostratigraphic units of the Pliocene-Pleistocene Leffe sedimentary succession from the Southern Alps, Italy. The Leffe section was correlated to additional sections (Casnigo, Fornaci di Ranica, and Pianengo) to construct a stratigraphic network along a common fluviatile system (the Serio River) sourced in the Southern Alps and flowing southward into the Po River Basin. We obtained a coherent scenario of climate variability for the last ∼ 2 Myr. At Leffe, lacustrine deposition commenced during the Olduvai Normal Subchron (1.94-1.78 Ma) and lasted up to a chronologic level compatible with Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 22 (0.87 Ma). Pollen analysis revealed that climate varied cyclically from warm-temperate to cool during this time interval, but never as cold as during glacial intervals. At around MIS 22, climate cooled globally. Gravels, attributed to high-energy braided river systems fed locally by alluvial fans, prograded from the Serio River catchment area over the Leffe Basin and toward the Po Plain in response to a generalized event of vegetation withdrawal and enhanced physical erosion. At this time, Alpine valley glaciers reached their first maximum southward expansion with glacier fronts located at only ∼ 5 km upstream from Leffe.     

The LA-ICP-MS zircons U-Pb ages and geochemistry of the Baihua basic igneous complexes in Tianshui area of West Qinling

Baihua meta-igneous complex consists mainly of pyroxenite-gabbro(diorite)-diorite-quartz diorite. They form a complete comagmatic evolutionary series. The geochemical characteristics of basic-interme- diate basic igneous rocks indicate that they belong to a tholeiite suite. The REE distribution pattern is nearly flat type and LREE is slightly enriched type, and their primitive mantle-normalized and MORB-normalized trace element spider diagrams are generally similar; the LIL elements (LILE) Cs, Ba, Sr, Th and U are enriched, but Rb, K and the HFSEs Nb, P, Zr, Sm, Ti and Y are relatively depleted. All these show comagmatic evolution and origin characteristics. The tectonics environment discrimination of trace element reveals that these igneous complexes formed in an island-arc setting. The LA-ICP-MS single-zircons U-Pb age of Baihua basic igneous complex is 434.6±1.5 Ma (MSWD = 1.3), which proves that the formation time of the island-arc type magmatite in the northern zone of West Qinling is Late Ordovician or Early Silurian, also reveals that the timing of subduction of paleo-ocean basin represented by the Guanzizhen ophiolite and resulting island-arc-type magmatic activities is probably Middle-Late Ordovician to Early Silurian.     

川西老君沟和孟通沟花岗岩的地球化学特征、成因机制及对松潘-甘孜地体基底性质的制约

老君沟岩体和孟通沟岩体是位于松潘-甘孜地体东部的中生代花岗岩,为碰撞过程中岩浆作用的产物,包含有地壳基底性质的重要信息。两岩体具有中等至较高的SiO_2含量(63.9～75.0wt%),具有准铝质和轻微过铝质(ACNK=0.86～1. 08)特征,属于中钾到高钾钙碱性系列。其中,老君沟岩体富Al_2O_3(14.2～16.0wt%)、K_2O(2.88～4.36wt%),贫MgO(0.38～1.98wt%),并具有高Sr(307～697ppm)低Y(12.2～21.0ppm)特征以及中等至较高的稀土分馏((La/Yb)_N>10),这些特征非常类似于下地壳熔融形成的埃达克岩。孟通沟岩体的主微量元素特征类似于老君沟岩体,但具有相对低的Sr(110～397 ppm)、稍高的Y(12.2～21.0ppm)和明显较低的Sr/Y比值(5～32)。两岩体均具有地壳特征的Nd-Sr同位素组成(ε_(Nd)(T)= -6.02～-3.11;I_(Sr)=0.7053～0.7075),排除了直接来自地幔岩浆的可能性,表明其可能来自于石榴石稳定区地壳物质的部分熔融。两岩体富含Rb(106～202ppm)、Cs(3.79～25.6ppm)而K_2O/Na_2O(0.56～1.12)比值较高,显示其可能来自黑云母的脱水熔融。由于黑云母的脱水熔融温度较高而剪切生热所能达致的温度较低,同造山的滑脱构造难以导致上述两个岩体的形成,地幔岩浆的底侵作用可能是导致下地壳物质部分熔融的主要原因。两岩体的源区成分和Nd模式年龄(T_(DM(Ⅱ))=1.23～1.44 Ga)均反映松潘-甘孜地体具有类似于扬子板块的中元古陆壳基底。     

同位素地球化学在地震研究方面的作用

主要论述流体同位素地球化学的基本原理及其在地震活动过程中的变化特征、异常判识的同位素地球化学方法及其在地震预测方面的应用。同位素地球化学方法在地震监测预报方面有重要的作用，可以用来判定流体的物质来源和循环过程、判断流体异常的原因、建立古地震和历史地震活动的时间序列、推断地震活动规律、预测未来可能发生的地震。研究认为，目前在地震监测研究方面除^222Rn和^14C应用普遍之外，其他同位素地球化学方法应用较少，从而使得许多异常难以判定，许多古地震得不到较准确的年龄。     

华北陆块北缘区域矿床成矿谱系探讨

区域矿床成矿谱系是区域成矿规律研究的重要内容，指一个区域内地质构造环境演化过程中成矿作用的演化及时空结构。在华北陆块北缘划分出18个矿床成矿系列，讨论了它们的分布特点。华北陆块北缘区域矿床成矿谱系证实该区域经历四个主要的地壳演化及成矿时期，依次出现太古宙克拉通矿床、元古宙陆内-陆缘裂陷带矿床、古生代陆间增生褶皱系和陆内盖层矿床、中生代构造-岩浆活动带矿床，存在三个(3000～2500Ma，1900～1400Ma和180～140Ma)成矿作用高峰。成矿谱系指示了从太古宙进入元古宙时，海水和大气的氧化还原电位明显升高的过程。成矿谱系研究意义重大。     

U–Pb perovskite ages for brazilian kamafugitic rocks: further support for a temporal link to a mantle plume hotspot track

We present the results of a U–Pb perovskite age study of kamafugites from Mata da Corda (MC) and Santo Antônio da Barra (SAB), Minas-Goiás alkaline province, Brazil. Perovskite crystals were separated from MC mafurites, ugandites, and cognate pyroxenites, as well as from SAB melilite mafurite. The range of ages of Brazilian kamafugitic samples is 15 Ma. The ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U perovskite ages generally cluster into three age groupings: 88–90, 80–81, and 75–76 Ma. The two younger periods of kamafugitic magmatism occur in the MC area, whereas the older samples are from the SAB area. These new age results provide the first robust evidence of a progressive eastward younging of mafic alkaline magmatism, most likely related to a mantle plume hotspot track.     

甘肃白银厂矿田锆石红外光谱特征和地质年龄估测

应用矿物红外光谱学的方法系统研究了白银厂地区7件锆石同位素年龄样品的红外光谱。测定结果表明，3件样品的吸收峰强而窄，整体线形与标准的晶质锆石谱线相符合；其余4件样品的吸收相对较弱，峰形圆钝；谱线均有不同程度向变生锆石特征谱线的演化，以变生程度最高的LGG-6为尤。根据615cm^-1吸收峰的H／M值可将所研究样品分为晶质锆石、半变生锆石和变生锆石三类，并利用锆石红外光谱特征估测了铀钍含量和地质年龄。同时还评估了相应样品的U-Pb同位素年龄的可靠性。