黑龙江北部孙吴-嘉荫盆地构造特征、演化及石油地质条件

重力解释孙吴-嘉荫盆地基底埋深一般在0.1～2.5 km,基底形态具有北东走向的“三断两隆”的构造特征,自西向东称孙吴断陷、茅栏河隆起、沾河断陷、富饶隆起和嘉荫断陷.地震解释基底深度一般在0.1～6.3 km,并据之进一步划分了断陷的次级构造单元.孙吴-嘉荫盆地的形成和演化与南部的松辽盆地颇为相似,大致经历了前裂陷、断陷、坳陷和萎缩4个阶段.下白垩统淘淇河组、上白垩统永安村组和太平林场组埋藏较深,厚度较大,烃源岩达到成熟阶段,储层发育,物性较好,为油气勘探的主要目的层.对沾河断陷和嘉荫断陷油气勘探有利区做了进一步预测,确定乌拉嘎凹陷是嘉荫断陷最有利的勘探区,确定沾河向斜是沾河断陷最有利的勘探区.     

Altimeter Signal-to-Noise for Deep Ocean Processes in Operational Systems

The ocean signal for this study is the sea surface height due to the slowly varying (greater than 5-day) ocean processes, which are predominantly the deep ocean mesoscale. These processes are the focus of present assimilation systems for monitoring and predicting ocean circulation due to ocean fronts and eddies and the associated environmental changes that impact real time activities in areas with depths greater than about 200 m. By this definition, signal-to-noise may be estimated directly from altimeter data sets through a crossover point analysis. The RMS variability in crossover differences is due to instrument noise, errors in environmental corrections to the satellite observation, and short time period oceanic variations. The signal-to-noise ratio indicates that shallow areas are typically not well observed due to the high frequency fluctuations. Many deep ocean areas also contain significant high frequency variability such as the subpolar latitudes, which have large atmospheric pressure systems moving through, and these in turn generate large errors in the inverse barometer correction. Understanding the spatial variations of signal to noise is a necessary prerequisite for correct assimilation of the data into operational systems.     

南黄海自生黄铁矿成因及其环境指示意义

样品为１９８９年采自南黄海，利用显微镜，电子显微镜，电子探针和化学分析方法，对自生黄铁矿的形态，成份和同位素特征进行研究，在此基础上就其成因与形成环境的关系进行初步探讨。研究结果表明，自生黄铁矿集合体形态可以分为聚莓，单莓和细粒３种，霉体特征的形态是早期成岩作用阶段沉积物随机堆积的结果，可以作了沉积成因黄铁矿的形态标型黄铁矿微量成份特征显示其沉积成因，同时亦表现对泥质沉积物地球化学背景值的继承性，     

南黄海中部海区海底地貌特征

利用南黄海中部海区重点区域进行的多波束全覆盖勘测数据,并结合周边最新的水深资料编制了南黄海中部海区1：50万的海底地形图(略)及海底地貌图。依据此地貌图,对该区域的地貌类型及区域地貌特征进行了分析研究,在此基础上对地貌进行综合分级分类。     

夏、冬两季长江口及邻近海域悬浮物的分布特征及其沉积量

利用2001年7～8月 ,2002年1月两个航次的悬浮物浓度资料 ,并参考其它水文参数 ,简要分析长江口及邻近海域悬浮物的分布特征 :无论夏季还是冬季 ,长江入海悬浮物总是向东南方输运 ;冬季由于再悬浮作用显著 ,悬浮物浓度明显高于夏季 ,且南北分布范围也明显增大 ,垂向分布均匀。同时采用数值模拟的海流流速值和观测的悬浮物浓度值计算悬浮物的断面通量 ,并最终得计算区悬浮物夏、冬两季的沉积量 ,夏、冬季长江口及邻近海域悬浮物的沉积量分别为0.79×108t,1.44×108t。     

An Electronic Chart Display and Information System

This article introduces the most advanced form of electronic chart display and information systems (ECDIS) which complies with the performance standards for ECDIS established by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and International Hydrographic Organization (IHO). It also describes the key features and the important functions of ECDIS, which we developed. This system is different from the productions developed by C-map, Seven-cs, offshore, and others. It is more suitable for China Marine Safety Administration Bureau to manage the navigation marks real-time. Using this system charts were located and accessed rapidly, and displayed smoothly. This article also discusses in ECDIS application system how to dynamically access and desert charts data in a limited memory (limited computer memory and resource). We constructed a tridimensional structure to manage a large amount of charts data. Vertically, according to the scale range, all charts were divided into eight levels, and a data structure called as “Multiple Scale Quad-tree” was constructed. And horizontally, a grid (every unit has a fixed size) was given to a certain scale level. We call this data structure a “Regular Page.” We explore the implementation of such a structure on the worldwide charts management utilizing quad-trees. Then we discuss the future development of ECDIS and its application system in marine agencies in China.     

乐业-凤山世界地质公园岩溶地貌景观特征与价值分析

乐业-凤山世界地质公园发育在“孤岛”状的碳酸盐岩区上,以高峰丛深洼地、大洞穴、大峡谷、天坑群、天窗群、天生桥、地下河为特色,景观类型丰富、系统完整、珍稀典型,观赏价值与科研价值极高。公园内不同地貌景观由于成因差异而各具特色,经定性与定量评价:天坑群、天窗群是世界级品牌景观,为公园五级地貌景观;天生桥、峡谷是公园重要景观,为公园四级地貌景观;峰丛洼地、峰丛谷地、坡立谷、洞穴景观是公园地貌景观的重要组成部分,为公园三级地貌景观;穿洞、岩溶泉、地下河景观是公园地貌景观的重要补充,为二级地貌景观;落水洞、竖井是公园点缀地貌景观,为公园一级地貌景观。      

黄海典型漂浮大型藻类光谱特征分析

利用实测高光谱和多光谱相机数据对在黄海海域采集的浒苔和马尾藻样本进行光谱特征分析。结果显示:漂浮大型藻类的高光谱反射率均值(Rmean_H)与多光谱反射率均值(Rmean_M)、高光谱藻类指数(VB-FAHH)与多光谱藻类指数(VB-FAHM)之间的相对误差小于15.6%,说明这两种数据具有较好的一致性;基于光谱特征波长的反射率建立比值光谱指数,其中浒苔和马尾藻的差异最为明显的是R640/R554指数;基于多光谱相机计算反射谷深度指数(T-depth),采用阈值法来区分浒苔和马尾藻,T-depth阈值的区分精度分别为69.6%±30.0%和69.6%±24.3%,稍优于虚拟基线漂浮藻类指数(VB-FAH)阈值的区分精度。     

人类活动对海洋生态系统影响的空间量化评价——以莱州湾海域为例

本文针对海域管理中难以量化人类活动对海洋生态系统影响的问题,提出人海关系空间量化模型,通过完善概念模型、构建指标体系、确定权重及标准,最终利用作用强度和位置关系量化人类活动对海洋生态系统的影响,数值在0—1之间,等分为四个影响程度,由弱到强依次为微弱、中等、强烈和极强,并将该模型和量化方法应用于莱州湾海域。研究结果表明:整个莱州湾受人类活动的综合影响均值为0.425,处于中等影响程度;其中污水排放、围填海工程及港口航运是对莱州湾生态系统影响比较强烈的人类活动;研究海域中40%受到人类活动的强烈影响,44%为中等影响,16%为微弱影响。空间量化分析显示,人类活动对莱州湾近岸海域的综合影响比邻近外海强烈,其中影响较强烈的区域出现在西南近岸海区,而影响较微弱的海区则为莱州湾北部外海。该方法空间量化结果与莱州湾实际情况相符,说明人海关系空间量化模型适合定量化评估人类活动对该海域生态系统的影响,可为"山东半岛蓝色经济区"海域管理提供技术支持。