Phosphate sorption desorption characteristics of some ferruginous soils of tropical region in Eastern India

Phosphate sorption and desorption experiments were conducted with four ferruginous soils (alfisols) of Eastern India, in view of the low native phosphate concentrations in tropical Indian soils. From the P-isotherm curve, standard P requirement (SPR) of the soils was determined. Phosphate sorption data were fitted to both Langmuir and Freundlich equations and mean sorption maximum values obtained for the different soil series were in the decreasing order as Matimahal > Anandapur > Mrigindih > Kashipur. The fraction of added P sorbed followed the same trend as SPR, P sorption maximum (P_max), phosphate affinity constant (K), maximum phosphate buffering capacity (MPBC), Freundlich constant K′ and phosphate desorption values. Phosphate sorption maximum was significantly correlated with MPBC, Freundlich 1/n, SPR, clay and different forms of Fe and Al. The value of K (bonding energy) was significantly correlated with MPBC, Freundlich K′ and pyrophosphate extractable Fe and Al. The MPBC was significantly correlated with Freundlich K′, Freundlich constant 1/n, clay, oxalate and dithionite extractable, amorphous and crystalline form of Fe and Al. Freundlich K′ was significantly correlated with Freundlich 1/n, pH_water, clay, dithionite extractable and crystalline form of Fe and Al. The results suggested that the soils having higher amount of extractable and reactive Fe and Al shared higher P sorbtion capacity and such soils may need higher levels of P application     

栅格图像几何变换的理论与实践

分析了连续位图图像几何交换的理论基础，并在此基础上时地图拼幅，点阵字符的无级处理等方面做了一些尝试。所提出的仿射变换方法，较好地满足了连续图像几何交换的精度，保持了拓扑不变性，并保证了无级交换时时原图的高度仿真。此外，还给出了利用此方法进行实验的部分结果。     

Petrology of volcanic products younger than 42 ka on the Lipari–Vulcano complex (Aeolian Islands, Italy): an example of volcanism controlled by tectonics

Over the last 42 ka, volcanic activity at Lipari Island (Aeolian Arc, Italy) produced lava domes, flows and pyroclastic deposits with rhyolitic composition, showing in many cases evidence of magma mixing such as latitic enclaves and banding. In this same period, on nearby Vulcano Island, similar rhyolitic lava domes, pyroclastic products and lava flows, ranging in composition from shoshonite to rhyolite, were erupted. As a whole, the post-42 ka products of Lipari and Vulcano show geochemical variations with time, which are well correlated between the two islands and may correspond to a modification of the primary magmas. The rhyolitic products are similar to each other in their major elements composition, but differ in their trace element abundances (e.g. La ranging from 40 to 78 ppm for SiO₂ close to 75 wt%). Their isotopic composition is variable, too. The ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr (0.704723–0.705992) and ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd (0.512575–0.512526) ranges partially overlap those of the more mafic products (latites), having ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr from 0.7044 to 0.7047 and ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd from 0.512672 to 0.512615. ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb is 19.390–19.450 in latites and 19.350–19.380 in rhyolites. Crystal fractionation and crustal assimilation processes of andesitic to latitic melts, showing an increasing content in incompatible elements in time, may explain the genesis of the different rhyolitic magmas. The rocks of the local crustal basement assimilated may correspond to lithotypes present in the Calabrian Arc. Mixing and mingling processes between latitic and rhyolitic magmas that are not genetically related occur during most of the eruptions. The alignment of vents related to the volcanic activity of the last 40 ka corresponds to the NNW–SSE Tindari–Letojanni strike-slip fault and to the correlated N–S extensional fault system. The mafic magmas erupted along these different directions display evidence of an evolution at different P_H2O conditions. This suggests that the Tindari–Letojanni fault played a relevant role in the ascent, storage and diversification of magmas during the recent volcanic activity.     

全球尺度多源土地覆被数据融合与评价研究

精确的全球及区域尺度土地覆被遥感分类数据是全球变化、陆地表层过程模拟、生态文明建设及区域可持续发展等研究的重要基础数据。本文以5套全球土地覆被数据集GLCC、UMD、GLC2000、MODIS LC、GlobCover为研究对象,结合MODIS VCF、MODIS Cropland Probability以及AVHRR CFTC数据集,设计一种基于模糊逻辑思想的证据融合方法实现上述多源土地覆被信息的决策融合,生成一套依据植物功能型分类的全球1 km土地覆被融合数据SYNLCover。结果显示,与5套源土地覆被数据集相比：① 在总体一致性精度上,SYNLCover的8个生物形态类型和12个目标类型的平均总体一致性精度最高,分别约为65.6%和59.4%,其次依次是MODIS LC、GLC2000、GLCC和GlobCover,UMD的最低,分别约为48.9%和42.6%,而且SYNLCover与5套源土地覆被数据集两两相比的总体一致性都是最好的;② 在类型一致性精度上,除灌丛类型外,SYNLCover中包括森林、草地、耕地、湿地、水体、城镇建筑和其他7种生物形态类型,以及森林类型的5种叶属性的平均一致性精度也是最高的,如其他类型的平均一致性精度可达67.73%;③ 除灌丛和湿地类型外,SYNLCover的其余6种生物形态类型的平均一致性精度均比其在5套源数据中相应的一致性精度的最大值提高了10%~15%左右;森林类型的5种叶属性的一致性精度也提高了约10%。SYNLCover分类精度的提高反映了本研究设计的多源数据融合方法的可行性和有效性。     

直线与缓和曲线斜交的直接解算法

本文提出了缓和曲线的拟合圆弧的概念,首先确定直线与拟合圆弧的交点,将拟合圆弧的交点桩号作为直线与缓和曲线交点的初始桩号,算出其中桩坐标与走向方位角,再由初始交点向直线作垂线算出初始桩号的改正数,实现了交点桩号的直接解算。     

新疆东部卡瓦布拉克地区古生代岩浆活动对中天山地块构造归属的指示意义

卡瓦布拉克地区位于中天山地块南缘。该区古生代侵入岩类广泛发育,是探究中天山构造演化及地壳生长历史的重要窗口。本文获得该区两件二长花岗岩样品的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果分别为447.4±4.9Ma、422.6±5Ma。LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石Hf同位素原位分析结果显示,其εHf(t)值分别为7.1～11.9、5.8～11.8,对应的二阶段模式年龄为674～963 Ma、514～1043 Ma。侵入于晚古生代花岗岩中的中—基性岩脉携带多期捕获锆石,其εHf(t)介于-7.4～4.8,对应的模式年龄变化范围为1.47～2.54Ga。卡瓦布拉克地区古生代花岗岩及中—基性岩脉中捕获锆石所反映的基底信息表明,中天山与塔里木在中元古代(～1.4Ga)、新元古代(～800Ma)以及古生代(～400Ma)期间岩浆活动具有截然不同的源区特征。结合前人研究成果,认为中天山与塔里木不具有构造亲缘性。     

桂北高邦山中基性岩体的铜镍成矿性研究

高邦山中基性岩体形成于四堡运动的构造岩浆活动,是桂北地区出露最大的基性岩体,出露面积20km^2以上.对该岩体的岩相、地球化学、稀土元素组成等特征的研究表明,其与区内层状、似层状成矿基性杂岩体相比,具有同源岩浆成因,并有着更好的深部岩浆分异作用和良好成矿地质条件.研究认为,该类岩体底部、下部的岩浆通道及附近断裂构造为重要的成矿场所.首次在岩体内发现受断裂控制的矿化超基性岩,这对桂北铜镍矿找矿有着重要的启示作用.     

Tectonomagmatic origin of some volcanic and sub-volcanic rocks from the Lower Benue rift, Nigeria

Petrological and geochemical studies on some volcanic and sub-volcanic rocks from the Lower Benue rift indicate that they are basalts, basaltic and doleritic sills, trachybasalt and trachyte which generally belong to the alkali basalt series. The alkaline affinity is clearly evident in both their normative and modal mineral compositions, as well as their chemical compositions. The generally high fractionation indices [(La/Yb)N] are 7.06 to 17.65 for the basaltic rocks and 23.59 to 135. 35 for the trachytic ...     

东南极古陆核的研究现状、问题与设想

东南极地盾(克拉通)中的太古宙陆核主要分布在面向印度洋扇区的内皮尔山、南查尔斯王子山、赖于尔群岛和西福尔丘陵,在面向澳大利亚、非洲和太平洋扇区只零星出露。这些古陆核被早元古代—早古生代(泛非期)造山带所分割,它们具有不同的早期演化历史和后期改造过程,并且产于不同扇区的陆核与相邻冈瓦纳陆块具有密切的亲缘关系。对东南极古陆核开展系统的冰上和冰下地质调查以及岩石地球化学综合研究,查明太古宙岩石(物质)的时空分布、岩石成因、源区性质、构造属性及其变质改造历史,进而构建东南极古大陆从初始成核到最终聚陆的历史框架,这将弥补地球早期演化研究领域的南极短板,同时也必将促进地球早期演化研究领域的发展。      

北山造山带南带中元古代副变质岩的锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素研究——对北山造山带南带前寒武纪物质演化的探索

北山造山带位于中亚造山带南缘,主要由一系列俯冲增生杂岩体构成。在其宽缓的造山区内,零散地分布着前寒武纪岩石。由于古生代以来强烈的造山作用和随后的陆内造山作用的改造,造成北山内的前寒武纪岩石和古生代以来的造山带产物难以区分。因此,关于北山造山带内的前寒武系归属问题,一直以来争议很大。本文在详细野外地质工作的基础上,报道了位于北山造山带中部的马鬃山地块内前寒武纪副变质岩的岩相学、锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素研究。该岩石较高的变质程度、岩石组合、碎屑锆石年龄谱特征均显示其和北山造山带内古生代的残余被动大陆边缘产物不同,属于北山造山带内残余的前寒武纪基底,且沉积时代在中元古代约1.1~1.45Ga之间。结合前人的研究,得出以下认识:北山的前寒武纪物质在中元古(约1.0Ga)之后,显示出和塔里木克拉通、蒙古地块均相似的特征,表明三者均卷入了Rodina超大陆的聚散事件。在中元古代及其之前(约1.1Ga之前)则显示多源区的特征。本文中的北山造山带中元古代副变质岩显示了中元古代及其之前与塔里木克拉通不同,与蒙古地块相似的特征。锆石的Hf同位素分析进一步揭示了北山造山带前寒武纪副变质岩和敦煌地块均记录了古太古代中晚期的新生地壳加入事件,显示了与塔里木克拉通的差异。这也暗示了敦煌地块和北山造山带在中元古代(约1.45Ga)之前可能具有统一的前寒武纪基底。