环境浓度的丁草胺暴露对雌性褐菖鲉卵巢发育的干扰

丁草胺是使用最广泛的酰胺类除草剂之一,目前丁草胺对鱼类的生殖毒性研究集中于淡水种类,近海鱼类鲜有报道。本研究以分布于我国东南海域的近海经济鱼类褐菖鲉(Sebastiscus marmoratus)为受试对象,探讨丁草胺对海洋鱼类卵巢发育的影响及机制。褐菖鲉在以环境相关浓度(2、20、200 ng/L)的丁草胺暴露50 d后,褐菖鮋卵巢生殖细胞发育受到不同程度抑制,卵巢17β-雌二醇(E2)水平下降,Caspase-3活性上升。相对定量PCR分析结果显示,卵巢芳香化酶基因(CYP19s)及雌激素受体基因(ERβ)表达量下降。结果表明：丁草胺对褐菖鮋具有明显的生殖毒性,卵巢CYP19s基因与ERβ基因表达被抑制而导致卵巢雌激素水平的下降引起卵细胞在发育早期的细胞凋亡是主要原因。     

Assessing Water Quality of Mamasın Dam,Turkey: Using Water Quality Index Method,Ecological and Health Risk Assessments

The water quality of Mamas?n Dam, the drinking water source for Aksaray in Turkey, is investigated for assessment of ecological and health risks according to data between December 2015 and November 2016. Water quality index, ecological risk, and health risk assessments are determined to depend on the intensity of occurrence of parameters and seasonal and spatial distributions at different depth ranges. As a result, some ions such as Al, As, B, Ba, Co, F, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn were found to be exceeding the limit values of the national regulatory standards. Besides, Pb is listed in Priority Substances and Certain Other Pollutants according to Annex II. Because the WQI values of the water quality are low (below 60), the source is suitable for industrial and agricultural usage; however, it cannot be used for drinking water supply without treatment. The trace element levels, especially Ag, Ba, Cu, Cr, and Zn, are potential pollutants for organisms. The non‐carcinogenic health risks of As threaten both adults and children at “medium” and “high” levels through oral ingestion. The B, F, and Pb elements have Hazard Index values above 0.1 and may cause a “low” level risk chronic disease for children by oral ingestion.     

海洋微塑料来源、分布及生态效应研究进展

微塑料广泛分布于世界范围内的大洋和近海海域。作为新兴的污染物,微塑料对海洋生态环境威胁巨大。微塑料可以直接或间接被海洋动物摄入,导致其生长减缓或停滞、繁殖被抑制、寿命减短、进食量降低、耗氧量以及酶活性改变。微塑料与海洋浮游植物相互作用会对其生长、光合作用、氧化应激能力等产生影响。然而,微塑料对海洋浮游植物的致毒机理尚未完全明朗,还需更多的相关研究以探明其毒性效应机制。为保护海洋环境安全,更好的治理微塑料污染问题,有必要加强微塑料的相关研究,同时采取一系列有力的政策法规来监管塑料及微塑料的使用。     

基于微藻运动性的海洋污染物生态毒性效应研究

海洋污染生态毒性效应研究是认识和评价海洋环境质量现状及其变化趋势的重要依据。发展快速、有效的测试方法和指标对于防治污染、保护海洋环境具有重要意义。作者以海洋微藻运动性作为生理指标研究了典型海洋污染物的生态毒性效应。在本实验所测试的浓度范围内,铜(0～4.41μmol/L)和苯酚(0～9.03 mmol/L)分别在2 h内对亚心型扁藻(Platymonas subcordiformis)的能动性,包括运动方式、运动能力和游泳速度产生了一定的影响,且都呈现良好的剂量-效应关系。经Logistic模型拟合分析求得铜和苯酚对亚心型扁藻的2 h-EC50分别为2.21μmol/L～2.65μmol/L和4.47 mmol/L～5.71 mmol/L。在联合毒性实验中,铜和苯酚混合后,对亚心型扁藻的2h-EC501TU,其联合毒性效应方式表现为拮抗作用。上述结果与传统毒性试验(包括微藻72 h生长抑制试验,24 h～48 h大型蚤静止试验和96 h鱼类死亡试验)结果均是可比的,但相对所需测试时间较短,表明微藻运动性作为一种新型的生物测试指标可以对海洋污染物生态毒性(包括单一和联合毒性)进行快速、有效的评价。     

硝酸盐对鱼类毒性研究进展

硝酸盐作为硝化反应的最终产物,在利用自养硝化过程控制氨氮的封闭式循环水养殖系统中常有积累,其潜在的毒性在国内尚未引起广泛关注。已有研究表明高浓度硝酸盐会对鱼类的繁殖发育、肝肾组织及行为带来负面影响,进一步影响鱼类的生长、威胁鱼类的生存。本文阐述了硝酸盐对鱼类的毒性作用机理和影响硝酸盐毒性的因素,总结了硝酸盐对不同海水鱼类和淡水鱼类的急性、亚急性和慢性毒性实验结果,分析了硝酸盐胁迫对鱼类生长、存活和生理等方面的影响,以期为工厂化循环水养殖生产中安全的硝酸盐浓度的确定提供参考。     

不同浓度氨氮胁迫下长蛸(Octopus minor)的半致死浓度和急性毒性评估

作为重要的水质参数,高浓度的氨氮对水生动物产生有害影响。氨氮的安全浓度对海水养殖物种至关重要。本文采用静水法,在盐度30.0±1.0, pH 7.8±0.2,温度20.8±0.5°C条件下,以荣成月湖海区的长蛸(Octopus minor)成体为研究对象,分析了水体氨氮对其急性毒性作用。通过预实验获得长蛸成体可耐受的浓度范围,从中选取浓度0(对照)、87.0、124.5、143.5、180.3、204.0、242.5mg/L等7个浓度梯度测定长蛸成体耐受性,采用概率单位法、寇氏法和线性回归法分别计算48h、72h和96h的半致死浓度(LC50)。实验结果显示,氨氮毒性效应随着浓度和胁迫时间的增长而增加,氨氮胁迫48h、72h和96h的半致死浓度分别为187.93、154.61和124.92mg/L (χ2检验P0.05);显示氨氮对长蛸成体具有显著毒性作用。与其他水生动物相比,长蛸对于氨氮的耐受性较强,对氨氮毒性的自我调节能力较强,具体的调节机制有待进一步研究。     

Toxic effects of several phthalate esters on the embryos and larvae of abalone Haliotis diversicolor supertexta

As the most widely used plasticizers in the world, phthalate esters (PAEs) are potential endocrine disruption compounds (EDCs). In the present study, the toxicity of dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) on embryogenesis and larvae development of the marine univalve Haliotis diversicolor supertexta was examined in laboratory. The results show that the malformation of embryos appeared during the experiment, such as embryos died or lysed, small transparent flocculent rings studded on the periphery of the embryo, and the larvae could failed to hatch. In embryo toxic test, embryos incubated at the highest concentration of DMP, DEP and DBP solutions showed significantly high abnormal rate compared with the control, while DEHP solutions displayed no significant difference. In larval toxic test, in all concentrations of DMP, DEP and DBP solutions, larval settlement rates were low significantly than that of the control. Similarly, DEHP solutions show nearly no effect on the larval settlement. The order of toxicity on embryos and larvae is DBP>DEP>DMP>DEHP. Being a simple and easy stimulation to indoor spawn, sensitive to environmental factors, and short culture time, the embryos of H. diversicolor supertexta can be used to indicate toxicity of the PAEs. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40476057)     

5种药物对方斑东风螺面盘幼虫的急性毒性

在水温29.0～29.5℃、盐度28.5条件下,采用静水试验法对5种常用药物对方斑东风螺面盘幼虫的急性毒性进行了研究。结果表明:各种药物的24 hLC50、48 hLC50、96 hLC50和安全浓度分别为:高锰酸钾1.71、1.04、0.55和0.115 mg.L-1,新洁尔灭78.58、28.90、6.06和1.17 mg/L,硫酸锌4.52、2.36、0.62和0.193 mg/L,制霉素2.36×104、1.46×104、0.64×104和0.168×104 U.L-1,甲醛10.9、7.11、3.66和0.908μL.L-1。     

Multidecadal biological monitoring and abatement program\ assessing human impacts on aquatic ecosystems within the Oak Ridge Reservation in eastern Tennessee,USA

Human activities can be powerful drivers of ecosystem change within catchments. While most long-term catchment studies have been conducted at pristine sites, such studies are less common from sites more impacted by human activity. The Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Biological Monitoring and Abatement Program (BMAP) was developed in the mid-1980s to (1) assess compliance with environmental regulations, (2) identify causes of adverse ecological impacts, (3) provide data for human and ecological risk assessments, and (4) evaluate the effectiveness of remedial actions taken to mitigate the impacts of contaminants in soils, groundwater, and surface water by documenting ecological recovery on the Oak Ridge Reservation (ORR), a federally owned 33 476-acre site in eastern Tennessee, managed by the US Department of Energy. The ORR is composed of multiple watersheds containing many small to mid-size streams. BMAP uses an integrated approach for determining stream health; its databases include long-term seasonal records of contaminant concentrations in water and biota, data from aquatic toxicity testing, and surveys of macroinvertebrate and fish assemblages from impacted and reference streams. These long-term data provide valuable records of degradation and recovery in catchment ecosystems. Our objective here is to describe our study system and data series in order to increase awareness of the availability of these long-term data to the catchment science community.