辽东早元古造山带隆滑构造初析

辽东早元古代裂谷带内的隆滑构造是在吕梁造山前期伸展体制下的第一幕变形期间形成的。本区隆滑构造的内核隆起部位大致与中南岩基空间分布一致，由同构造侵位的二长花岗岩（辽吉花岗岩）组成，在裂谷带西区和东区，辽吉花岗岩皆顺基底与盖层之间的接合面呈席状侵位。由于辽吉花岗岩局部隆起，引起外壳内多层滑脱型韧性剪切带（简称韧变带）及流褶层的形成，在递进变形过程中流褶层会发生尖灭。因变形分解作用，在形成韧变带及流褶层的同时，也形成一些巨型透镜体，它们为弱变形域或未变形域，其内原生构造保存完整。对流褶层内流动褶皱的倒向及拉伸线理的统计，结果进一步表明中南岩基为辽河群内隆滑构造的隆起部位。现今东区和西区的穹形构造是初始席状侵位的叠加性构造，即在吕梁运动期间收缩体制下，辽吉花岗岩仍呈塑性并向背斜部位聚集，呈底辟式重就位；第三幕构造形迹横跨叠加于第二幕构造形迹之上，从而最终使辽吉花岗岩有规律地分布于穹形构造核部。     

大陆剥蚀速率与造山隆升速率研究的某些进展

大陆的机械剥蚀速率与区域高度和地表径流量呈正相关关系。化学溶蚀速率与地表径流量呈正相关关系。在大陆地壳无升降运动条件下，现代大陆剥蚀夷平至海平面只需30－300Ma。大陆平均高度受控于地球内部的放射性热能，由于放射性热能的缓慢衰减而引起大陆平均高度的缓慢降低。剧烈构造运动期间，隆升速率可以是剥蚀速率的数倍，由于隆升的阶段性（短期性）和剥蚀的持续性（长期性）使大陆高度长期发生不断的变化。     

兴安地层区的古生代地层

西伯利亚板块东南缘，从早晚寒武世晚期至早石炭世，地层发育经历了被动陆经、岛孤和弧后盆地、岛弧期后抬升、裂陷槽和陆表海侵期几个阶段，文中详细论述了它们沉积特征及相互关系．     

哀牢山-红河左旋走滑剪切带中新世抬升的时间序列

在哀牢山－红河剪切带的元阳到者龙的６个不同地点，对１８个变质岩样品进行系统分析钾长石的＾４０Ａｒ－＾３９Ａｒ年龄。发现用ＭＤＤ模式得到的１８条冷却曲线均存在一次快速冷却过程，这种快速冷却过程不仅反映了该剪切带在大约２５－１７Ｍａ时，韧性走滑作用结束和正断作用的开始，而且它的起始时间还有自东南向西北逐渐变新的趋势。     

中国克拉通古隆起的形成、演化及与油气的关系

以鄂尔多斯、塔里木和四川克拉通盆地为例讨论了克拉通古隆起的形成、演化及其与油气的关系。主要讨论了３个问题：（１）克拉通古隆起的成因及其形成与周围板块活动的联系；（２）古隆起的类型和演化；（３）古隆起的形成和演化与油气运移、聚集的关系。     

A stream sediment geochemical re-investigation of the discovery of the platiniferous Merensky Reef, Bushveld Complex

The platiniferous Merensky Reef was discovered on the farm Maandagshoek in the Bushveld Complex in August 1924. A historical review of these events is presented, based partly on an unpublished report and a map by Dr Hans Merensky. It has been supposed that Merensky first traced the platinum to discordant ultramafic pipes. However, a re-examination of the topography and river systems in the area shows that this was not possible. A stream sediment study from this area has been undertaken to determine the source of the platinum originally panned at the discovery site. Determination of the Pt:Pd:Au ratio in these samples indicates a strong similarity with ratios in the Merensky Reef, and is completely different from the ratio found in the pipes, which are deficient in Pd and Au. These ratios also suggest that weathering and transportation has occurred predominantly due to physical rather than chemical processes. Two platinum-group element anomalies in the stream sediments are found upstream from the Merensky Reef outcrops. This results from a change in the fluvial system due to Pliocene to recent up warping with a reversal in flow direction.     

可可西里盆地瘭生代沉积演化历史重建

青藏高原北部可可西里盆地是高原腹地最大的第三纪沉积盆地，分布着厚度达5737.5m的新生代沉积。本文根据遍布整个盆地的野外实测剖面和地质观察点资料，采有典型剖面精确古地磁测年为基础的时间框架，开展沉积层序、岩笥特征、沉环境和古水流变化综合对比研究，将可可西里盆地新生代（约56Ma至约16Ma）划分为7个演化阶段，其中在30Ma至约23Ma期间盆地经历抬升变形，没有沉积作用发生。结果显示，前6个阶段（约56Ma至30Ma），盆地沉积中心逐渐向北、向东迁移，盆地南缘和西缘的构造逆冲作用逐步加强，而且在晚渐新世发生强烈南北向地壳缩短，反映青藏高原腹地早期隆升过程中依靠南北向地壳缩短和北东向逆冲扩展作用来实现的。在早中新世（约23Ma至约16Ma），盆地沉积物遭受低度变形，表明此期间高原以差异隆升为主。     

Deformation in the Guerrero seismic gap, Mexico, from leveling observations

 The Pacific coast of Guerrero state in Mexico is recognized as the `Guerrero seismic gap', with a high probability of producing a large subduction earthquake (M > 8). A study of the vertical surface deformation was undertaken to understand the interseismic process of elastic strain accumulation. Four leveling lines were installed in the states of Guerrero and Michoacán. Starting in 1995, several high-accuracy leveling surveys have been carried out on those profiles once every year. The vertical uplift rate across the Guerrero coastal region, as determined through the changes in repeated leveling surveys, suggests the accumulation of elastic strain at both ends of the gap. In contrast, the sense of tilting in the middle of the gap is opposite to that observed at the ends and suggests significant changes in the geometry of the locked zone and perhaps even slow strain release. Received: 24 February 2000 / Accepted: 23 August 2000     

岩溶作用对沙雅隆起奥陶系碳酸盐岩储集层的控制作用

沙雅隆起经历了多期构造活动和长期岩溶作用的改造，形成分布极不均匀的裂缝、孔洞系统，构成了奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层的主要储集空间，在沙雅隆起奥陶系碳酸盐岩地层沉积、成岩之后，以历了加里东期－印支期－燕山期多次构造抬升、暴露、剥蚀和岩溶作用，形成了区内广泛分布的风化壳型岩溶作用。研究区至少发育4期岩溶作用，即加里东中晚期，海西早期，海西晚期和印支期－燕山期，其中海西早期和海西晚期是岩溶发育的主要时期，岩溶作用对奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层的形成和分布具有重要的控制作用，其储层发育层段限制在岩溶作用影响深度范围内。     

塔里木盆地巴楚隆起石炭—二叠系碳酸盐岩成岩作用

用显微镜法、染色法、镜煤法、铸体鉴定法、阴极发光法、X－衍射等方法研究了巴楚地区石炭系、二叠系成岩作用，证明它经历了压实、泥晶化、胶结、溶蚀、云化、重结晶、硅化、裂缝等成岩作用；经历了海底成岩环境、大气淡水成岩环境、浅埋及深埋成岩环境、表生成岩环境。各种成岩作用不断改变着石炭系、二叠系的储集性能，形成巴什托－亚松迪－带小海子组白云岩和巴楚组白云岩两个较好的储层。各种成岩矿物、石英加大、有机质成熟度、X－衍射的资料证明本区成岩阶段大致相当于Schmidt成岩阶段的“中期成岩阶段”。