秦岭岩群中斜长角闪岩的年代学、地球化学特征及其地质意义

本文对秦岭岩群中的三个斜长角闪岩（变质沉积岩）样品进行了岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学和岩石地球化学研究,限定了秦岭岩群的形成时代,讨论了秦岭岩群的构造背景及归属问题。锆石定年结果显示了971 Ma、1222 Ma和840 Ma三个最大沉积年龄。秦岭岩群是一个杂岩体,秦岭岩群中至少存在中元古代（较老组成部分）和新元古代早期（较新组成部分）的岩性单元。秦岭岩群变质沉积岩的锆石年龄峰主要集中在中元古代-新元古代早期,具有与扬子块体和华北块体明显不同的锆石年代学特征,秦岭岩群在中元古代-新元古代早期为独立发展的微陆块。结合秦岭岩群的年代学特征及前人的研究结果,秦岭岩群中的变质沉积岩应沉积于弧相关的构造环境。     

Complex magma sources of late Mesozoic granites along the southern margin of the North China Craton: constraints from geochemistry and geochronology of the massive Heyu and Lantian plutons

ABSTRACT

Mesozoic granitoid rocks in the eastern Qinling terrane along the southern margin of the North China Craton are significant for understanding geodynamics processes related to lithospheric delamination in the Late Mesozoic. In addition, these rocks have close genetic association with the largest Mo-(Au-Ag) polymetallic mineralization belt in China. In the present study, zircon U-Pb ages and elemental and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic geochemistry are reported for two representative granite plutons (Heyu and Lantian) exposed in the eastern Qinling terrane. Granitoid rocks from both plutons are metaluminous to weakly peraluminous and are classified as I-type granite with formation ages of 145 ~ 135 Ma and 150 Ma, respectively. These rocks are characterized by adakite-like affinity without significant Eu anomalies. Both plutons have relatively high initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios ranging between 0.7063 and 0.7109 and variable ε_Nd(t) values of – 29.2 to – 6.5. Their Pb isotopic compositions are comparable to those of old high-grade metamorphic basement rocks from the North China Craton but are different from those of country rocks from the Xiong’er and Taihua groups. These features indicate genesis via reworking of the lower crust beneath North China and partial involvement of juvenile crustal material to different extents. Occurrences of ca. 1000-Ma-old inherited zircon in the Lantian granites imply the contribution of the Qinling Group in North Qinling to the magma source(s). This magmatism occurred intensively in a transitional setting from compression to extension and was likely induced by lithosphere thinning and asthenosphere upwelling beneath eastern China during the Cretaceous.     

西秦岭北缘断裂带黄香沟段晚第四纪水平位移特征及其微地貌响应

西秦岭北缘断裂带是青藏高原东北部一条左旋走滑为主的活动断裂带,其在黄香沟一段活动性较强,活动现象典型。对沿断裂带分布的地貌、地质体等晚第四纪位移量的研究表明,在黄香沟一带,断裂晚更新世晚期以来的水平位移量最大为40~60m;最小为6~8m,可能是一次滑动事件的特征位错量。断裂带上的位移具有分组特征,各组位移值之间具有6~8m的稳定增量。位移值的分组性和增量特征反映了该段断裂具有特征地震的活动特征,而7组位错值则反映了断裂7次特征活动事件。关于黄香沟一带与断裂相关的微地貌分析,也获得了大致相对应的事件次数。并由此初步推测,晚更新世晚期以来,该断裂带有过多次强烈活动,活动期次明显     

基于山地垂直带谱的秦岭土地利用空间分异

为揭示秦岭山地垂直带与土地利用之间的相互关系,文章基于2000年夏季卫星遥感影象和1∶25万DEM数据,采用目视解译的方式提取出秦岭南北坡的土地利用类型。将垂直带与土地利用进行叠加分析得出:秦岭山地林地占44.83%,草地占35.93%,耕地占18.42%。土地利用在垂直带上地空间分异显著,由基带往上耕地的比例呈指数关系减少,林地呈正抛物线变化,草地则与林地相反。在秦岭南北坡同一垂直带土地利用上也有明显的变化,特别体现在栓皮栎林带、锐齿栎林以及冷杉林带上。     

秦岭北缘断裂带温泉水循环深度与地震活动性的关系研究

研究了秦岭北缘断裂带温泉水的氢氧同位素和氦同位素,同时通过温泉水的热储温度和当地地温梯度计算了温泉水的循环深度;统计分析了1900-1997年间的地震频度.从水对断裂及其围岩的弱化的角度讨论了温泉水深循环对地震活动性的影响.结果表明各段地震活动性的差异与温泉水循环深度的差异有关.认为循环深度较深的陕西段孕育强震的可能性较小,而循环深度较浅的青海段和甘肃段是孕育强震的危险区,其中甘肃段可能是强震的最危险区.     

Microfossils from the siltstones and muddy slates: Constraint on the age of the Taowan Group in the Northern Qinling Orogenic Belt, Central China

The age of the Taowan Group is still a hot topic in the Northern Qinling Orogenic Belt, because of limited fossil evidence from these strata and different ideals on the Cambrian fossils of the conglomerate beds and limestone blocks. Early Ordovician acritarchs, chitinozoa and scolecodonts occur in the siltstone and muddy slate beds of the Guoling, Sanchakou, Fengmaimiao and Goushenmiao Formations of the Taowan Group, indicating the age of the Taowan Group should be the Ordovician. These fossil assemblages consist of 7 genera and 13 species of acritarchs, 7 genera and 9 species of chitinozoa, and 2 genera and 2 species of scolecodonts.     

TEXTUAL RESEARCH OF LONGXI EARTHQUAKE IN 47 BC IN GANSU PROVINCE AND ANALYSIS OF ITS CAUSATIVE STRUCTURE

On the day Wu-wu of the second month in the second year of Chuyuan period in the reign of Emperor Yuan of the western Han Dynasty, that is, April 17, 47 BC, an earthquake occurred near the county seat of Huandao County, Longxi Prefecture. This earthquake caused serious damages to the city wall, government office buildings and civilian houses in the Huandao county seat, many people died, landslides, ground fracturing and spring gushing, etc. occurred. On the basis of textual research on the historical earthquake data and the field investigation, we affirm that the ancient Huandao county seat locates at the new Wangjia Village of Santai, southeast of Wenfeng Town in Longxi County at present. The ancient Huandao county seat is the most seriously damaged area according to the historical earthquake data, so it should be in the meizoseismal area of this earthquake. The epicenter intensity of this earthquake is about 9~10 degrees, and the magnitude of this earthquake is estimated to be about 7. Considering the intensities of other towns damaged during this earthquake, we draw the isoseismal lines of this earthquake, with its major axis directed NNW. The direction of the major axis of the isoseismal lines and the location of the epicenter are approximately consistent with the strike of the western segment of the Gangu-Wushan secondary fault on the northern margin of western Qinling fault zone. This fault segment has clear evidences of new activity during late Holocene, which are characterized by left-lateral strike-slip faulting with normal components; the fault dips NE and faulted the T₁-T₂ pluvial and alluvial terraces. Up to now, there are some surface deformation traces, such as deeply-incised seismic fault grooves, densely developed structural tensional fractures in the loess stratum, landslides and a series of beaded dolines etc. Combining the results of relocation of small to moderate earthquakes in the research area and comprehensive analysis on their distribution features in plane and profile, we get the results that the causative structure of the 47 BC Longxi earthquake is the western segment of Gangu-Wushan secondary fault on the northern margin of western Qinling fault zone. This fault zone is an important active block boundary fault in the eastern margin of Tibeten block, and has the tectonic condition to generate M ≥ 7 large earthquakes in the past and in the future.     

基于孕震物理模式的断层气流动监测网络布设技术

为了解决我国地震地下流体流动监测网络布设中目前存在的一些问题,以“坚固体孕震模式”为理论基础,以西秦岭北缘断裂带为研究对象,通过高密度地下流体背景值探测,结合地壳垂直形变特征以及地震活动性特征,寻找区域活动断裂带流体与形变以及地震活动的耦合段及断层气响应的灵敏点,综合判断断裂带活动分段性。断层形变、地震活动与地下流体活动有着良好的对应性与耦合关系,震源区均表现为“断层闭锁区”特性,发震地点都显示出一种相对平静的状态。基于以上研究,形成从活动断裂带—“坚固体”闭锁段—近震区前兆场地的追踪思路,规划具有一定物理预报思想的标准化断层气流动观测方案,并建立研究区域观测网络的雏形。这对今后全国地震重点危险区流体流动监测台网布设提供技术思路,并为我国地震预报、震情跟踪及防震减灾工作提供重要依据。     

西秦岭党川地区花岗岩体的"解体"及同位素年龄证据

复式花岗岩体(岩基)的“解体”是客观地质事实的反映。通过详细的岩石学特征、接触关系、形变及变质特征研究．西秦岭党川地区的花岗岩体可解体为吴砦、太碌、大堡、石门、党川、火炎山、百花7个岩体。其同位素年龄依次为174Ma、212Ma、225Ma、280Ma、391Ma、399Ma和430Ma。近年来的地质填图已经证实．各岩体间均为侵入接触关系．解体地质依据充分。岩体的解体反映了岩浆活动的特征,对进一步研究岩浆事件、成矿事件和构造演化有重要的意义。     

基于GPS和水准资料的西秦岭北缘断裂现今闭锁程度分析

利用2009~2015年GPS速度场和1975~2011年垂直速度场数据,采用TDEFNODE负位错模型对西秦岭北缘断裂各段的闭锁程度、滑动亏损速率进行反演,结合GPS跨断层速度剖面和现今小震分布特征,对西秦岭北缘断裂各段的断裂活动性及地震危险性进行分析。结果表明,西秦岭北缘断裂以左旋走滑运动为主,兼有部分逆冲挤压,断裂各段的滑动速率都低于第四纪以来的滑动速率。其中天水-宝鸡段滑动速率较低,小震分布少,断裂正处于高应变积累阶段,具有高闭锁系数和滑动亏损速率,易于应变能的快速积累,具有发生中强地震的背景条件;锅麻滩段虽然滑动速率较大,但闭锁程度和滑动亏损速率高,小震分布较少,也存在较高的地震危险性;漳县段和鸳凤段滑动速率较大,断裂应力积累相对较弱,闭锁程度和滑动亏损速率均较低,小震分布多,地震危险性较低。