海南岛中生代地洼期构造与金银多金属成矿特征

海南岛地洼活动始于二叠纪末,白垩世达到剧烈期。经历了基性一中性,中一酸性岩浆喷发及侵人和基性岩浆活动三个阶段。时空分布由南向北迁移。区内发育四种金、银、多金属矿床：（1）多因复成型;（2）隐爆角砾岩型;（3）热液型;（4）矽卡岩型。矿体产于断裂构造内,与酸偏碱性侵人岩相伴生。     

Campanian-Maastrichtian radiolarians from the Malokuril’skaya Formation,the Shikotan Island

The results of radiolarian analysis confirm the Campanian-Maastrichtian age of the Malokuril’skaya Formation in the Shikotan Island. The Campanian-Maastrichtian age of the formation is implied simultaneously by radiolarians and inoceramids. The studied Campanian and Campanian-Maastrichtian radiolarian assemblages include abundant specimens representing genus Prunobrachium, characteristic of which was bipolar distribution in cold-water to temperate basins. The new occurrence site of prunobrachids is established at the latitude of 43°N, the Far East of Russia.     

East Asian monsoon variation and climate changes in Jeju Island, Korea, during the latest Pleistocene to early Holocene

A 4.96-m-long sediment core from the Hanon paleo-maar in Jeju Island, Korea was studied to investigate the paleoclimatic change and East Asian monsoon variations during the latest Pleistocene to early Holocene (23,000-9000 cal yr BP). High-resolution TOC content, magnetic susceptibility, and major element composition data indicate that Jeju Island experienced the coldest climate around 18,000 cal yr BP, which corresponds to the last glacial maximum (LGM). Further, these multi-proxy data show an abrupt shift in climatic regime from cold and arid to warm and humid conditions at around 14,000 cal yr BP, which represents the commencement of the last major deglaciation. After the last major deglaciation, the TOC content decreased from 13,300 to 12,000 cal yr BP and from 11,500 to 9800 cal yr BP, thereby reflecting the weakening of the summer monsoon. The LGM in Jeju Island occurred later in comparison with the Chinese Loess Plateau. Such a disparity in climatic change events between central China and Jeju Island appears to be caused by the asynchrony between the coldest temperature event and the minimum precipitation event in central China and by the buffering effect of the Pacific Ocean.     

Petrogenesis and tectonic significance of Jurassic IAT magma types in the Hellenide ophiolites as deduced from the Rhodiani ophiolites (Pelagonian zone, Greece)

The Rhodiani ophiolites are represented by two tectonically superimposed ophiolitic units: the “lower” Ultramafic unit and the “upper” Volcanic unit, both bearing calcareous sedimentary covers. The Ultramafic unit consists of mantle harzburgites with dunite pods and chromitite ores, and represents the typical mantle section of supra-subduction zone (SSZ) settings. The Volcanic unit is represented by a sheeted dyke complex overlain by a pillow and massive lava sequence, both including basalts, basaltic andesites, andesites, and dacites. Chemically, the Volcanic unit displays low-Ti affinity typical of island arc tholeiite (IAT) ophiolitic series from SSZ settings, having, as most distinctive chemical features, low Ti/V ratios (< 20) and depletion in high field strength elements and light rare earth elements.The rare earth element and incompatible element composition of the more primitive basaltic andesites from the Rhodiani ophiolites can be successfully reproduced with about 15% non-modal fractional melting of depleted lherzolites, which are very common in the Hellenide ophiolites. The calculated residua correspond to the depleted harzburgites found in the Rhodiani and Othrys ophiolites. Both field and chemical evidence suggest that the whole sequence of the Rhodiani Volcanic unit (from basalt to dacite) originated by low-pressure fractional crystallization under partially open-system conditions. The modelling of mantle source, melt generation, and mantle residua carried out in this paper provides new constraints for the tectono-magmatic evolution of the Mirdita–Pindos oceanic basin.     

The Montecristo monzogranite (Northern Tyrrhenian Sea,Italy): a collisional pluton in an extensional setting

The Montecristo monzogranite (MM) is a near-circular peraluminous monzogranite pluton occupying the entire 10 km² of Montecristo Island. Outcrops of country rock are scarce, and are mainly roof pendants of metagabbros and calcsilicate hornfels of the Apenninic ophiolite sequence. Emplacement of the pluton (Rb–Sr age=7·1±0·2 Ma), following the early Miocene onset of continental collision, occurred during an extensional phase which migrated eastward via a combined process of subduction–delamination. The MM rocks are strongly porphyritic, the assemblage being composed of alkali-feldspar, quartz, plagioclase (all occurring as mega- or phenocrysts), biotite and minor cordierite. Accessory minerals include tourmaline, apatite, zircon, ilmenite, allanite, monazite, rutile and hellandite. Reconstructed crystallization histories for the mineral phases reveal a polybaric crystallization starting at about 5 kb. Textural variations of MM occur in sharp contact with each other; darker types often form globular masses containing fewer megacrysts and more abundant mafic microgranular enclaves. Geochemical, isotopic and petrographic data indicate that the MM magma was produced by anatectic melting of an intermediate to deep pelitic crustal source. On the basis of the geochemical and mineralogical characteristics of the enclaves, modification of their parent magma occurred by crystal fractionation coupled with mixing and mingling of components from the MM magma. The limited geochemical variation in MM is interpreted as due to crystal fractionation processes during the magma's ascent. Younger porphyritic dykes with more potassic and alkaline affinities cut the pluton; these dykes are concentrated in a major fracture zone and are associated with contemporaneous pseudotachylites. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于MODIS的珠江三角洲地区区域热岛的分布特征

通过MODIS地温数据,研究了珠三角地区由于快速的城市化过程造成的区域性大范围温度升高现象,即区域热岛现象。分析结果表明,MODIS数据能够较好地反映出区域城市化进程中区域地表热环境的变化。不同下垫面的温度差异是形成区域热岛的基础。在大规模连片的城市化过程中,城镇用地的周边区域受到温度升高的影响,地表温度也相应升高,从而造成了区域大面积的温度升高,形成了区域热岛。从空间形态看,区域热岛的空间格局与城镇用地的空间布局具有较高的相关性,大城市或城市连绵区往往是区域热岛的中心。城市连绵区及其周边区域的热岛现象十分明显,而位于研究区的西南和东北方位的城镇分布比较分散,对应的区域热岛现象并不显著。     

发扬李四光地震预报的科学思想

李四光教授关于地震地质工作中地震预报方面的重要观点和思想主要包括:地应力变化与地震密切相关;地震活动带中也存在相对安全的地区(“安全岛”理论);地震地质调查是地震预报的基础;地震是可以预测的,地应力的变化过程是地震预报的关键.他的“安全岛”理论及地震预报思想至今仍有着十分重要的理论意义和现实意义.     

Experimental constraints on the effects of pressure and H2O on the fractional crystallization of high-Mg island arc basalt

H₂O-undersaturated melting experiments of synthesized basalt (SiO₂ = 50.7 wt.%, MgO = 8.3 wt.%, Mg# = 60) were conducted at fO₂ corresponding to NNO+1 and NNO−1 to clarify the effects of pressure (2–7 kbar) and H₂O on fractional crystallization in island arcs. H₂O content was ranged from nominally anhydrous to 4.4 wt.%. Differentiation trends, namely the liquid lines of descent, change sensitively according to pressure-H₂O relations. Tholeiitic differentiation trends are reproduced with H₂O ≤ ∼2 wt.% in primary magma. With such quantities of H₂O, fractional crystallization is controlled by olivine + plagioclase at 2 kbar. Increasing the pressure from 2 to ≥4 kbar induces early crystallization of orthopyroxene instead of olivine and therefore SiO₂ enrichment in the residual melts is suppressed. Increasing H₂O (≥ ∼2 wt.% in primary magma) stabilizes clinopyroxene relative to orthopyroxene and/or magnetite. Although the phase relations and proportions strongly depend on fO₂ and H₂O content, differentiation trends are always calc-alkaline.     

东天山古生代板块构造特点及其演化模式

东天山的古板块构造格局主要由塔里木陆壳板块、西伯利亚陆壳板块和哈萨克斯坦洋壳板块在古生代的活动所奠定的。在古生代，东天山的板块构造格局主要表现为多列岛弧及其间弧间盆地和弧后盆地的形式。自北而南依次发育：博格达－哈尔里克泥盆－石炭纪岛弧，吐哈弧间盆地，觉罗塔格泥盆－石炭纪岛弧，吐哈弧间盆地，觉罗塔格泥盆－石炭纪岛弧，中天山志留－石炭纪岛弧，南天山－红柳河弧后盆地和北山陆缘裂谷带。其主要成因是由于准噶尔洋壳板块向塔里木陆壳板块下俯冲，俯冲带不断后退所形成的。奥陶纪中后期，中天山由塔里木北缘分出，形成具有古老陆块基底的类似于现今日本列岛的中天山岛弧。在其后形成南天山－红柳河弧后盆地和北山陆缘裂谷带。泥盆纪早期，俯冲带后退至觉罗塔格北侧形成觉罗塔格岛弧。泥盆纪晚期，俯冲带后退至博格达－哈尔里克北缘，形成博格达－哈尔里克岛弧。中石炭世至早二叠世，博格达同准噶尔陆块碰撞造山，哈尔里克同麦钦乌拉岛弧碰撞造山。与此同时，南天山－红柳河弧后盆地和北山裂谷带也相继闭合，而吐哈弧间盆地则成为未被消减完的弧间盆地残留下来。东天山古生代板块演化可与现今印度尼西亚地区的板块演化相类比。     

西南极利文斯顿岛中部中生代－新生代火山岩岩石化学研究

出露在利文斯顿岛中部的白垩纪火山岩为玄武岩－玄武安山岩－安山岩－英安岩组合，基本属于钙碱性系列，但具有低钾拉斑玄武岩的某些特点。岩石富集Ｒｂ、Ｔｈ、Ｂａ，轻度亏损Ｚｒ、Ｔｉ、Ｈｆ、Ｎｂ，较强亏损Ｃｒ和Ｎｉ，而且随着岩浆从基性向酸性成分的演化，富集（或亏损）程度加大。岩石的轻稀土元素中度富集，岩石的（Ｃｅ／Ｙｂ）ＣＮ比值较低。白垩纪火山岩形成在一个造山环境，是南设得兰岩浆弧的一部分。然而，在利文斯顿岛不同地区出露的岩石其化学性质有所区别，因此认为它们可能源于不同的岩浆体系。在晚古生代至早中生代，利文斯顿岛中部处于一个独特的浊积扇的构造环境。主要产在利文斯顿岛中部和汉那角的鲍勒斯山组火山岩与其它地点的中生代火山岩相比，无论岩相学特征还是岩石化学性质均有所不同。因此认为它们的产生同时受到太平洋板块的俯冲作用和该地构造位置所控制。史莱夫角的橄榄玄武岩成分中碱高硅低，并且通常表现出高铝的特点，这些性质与百耳斯半岛的玄武岩极为相似。区域上火山活动不断发展，活动中心逐渐向北东迁移，导致粗玄岩岩颈和岩席生成，最后是英云闪长岩的侵入。更新世至现代的依诺特角组橄榄玄武岩以化学成分中的低硅高碱含量区别于中生代火山岩。岩石的高Ｍ值