两种方法在地下水位估值中的应用

对于许多区域水资源问题,用数值方法进行潜水水流模拟时,需要给出每个节点上地下水位值。本文首先简单介绍了趋势面方法,然后着重阐述了泛克里格方法的基本原理及它们在地下水位估值中的应用,通过比较两种方法的计算结果可以得出泛克里格方法是进行地下水位估值的空间最优估计方法。     

天山北坡牧草生长季节土壤水分变化特征探讨

通过对牧业气象试验站多年土壤水分观测资料的整理分析，认为夏季土壤水分比较丰富，其随深度分布呈降水型；春季土壤水分含量最少，秋季次之，其随深度分布呈蒸发、降水型。旬土壤水分含量在牧草生长期呈两峰三谷型。     

2001年7月27日临汾区域性暴雨天气过程分析

本文应用数值预报产品，常规天气图，卫星云图及大气探测等资料，对2001年7月27日临汾区域性暴雨天气过程产生的环流形势，水汽和热力条件及动力机制进行了分析和研究，进一步揭示临汾市暴雨发生的环境流场和物理量场的特征。     

Turbulence Statistics Inside and Over Forest: Influence on Footprint Prediction

Observations of wind statistics within and above a Scots pine forest are comparedwith those predicted from an analytical second-order closure model. The roughnesssublayer (RSL) effects, and the influence of stability on similarity functions, arestudied using observations. The commonly accepted forms of similarity functionsdescribe the influence of diabatic effects above the RSL well. According to earlierstudies they are expected also to apply within the RSL. As an exception, the averagewind speed normalised with friction velocity was found to be invariant with stabilityclose to the canopy top under unstable conditions. Lagrangian stochastic trajectorysimulations were used to evaluate the influence of canopy turbulence profiles onfootprint prediction. The main uncertainty was found to arise from parameterisationof the random forcing term in the Lagrangian velocity equation. The influence ofdiabatic conditions was studied, and it was found that thermal stability affectssignificantly the footprint function above the forest canopy, but significantuncertainty exists because of uncertainties in the formulation of stability functions.     

一个全球变网格多层原始方程差分模式的设计

文章设计了一个以均匀网格差分模式为基础的全球变网格多层原始方程差分模式。还证明了如果前者满足了一定条件，从而具有质量与能量守恒性质以及与连续情况一致的动能、位能和表面位能之间的转换关系，则变网格模式也同样具有。而且，把前者改变为后者增加的运算量很小，也非常方便。     

土壤表面蒸发阻力模型与田间测定方法

土壤表面蒸发阻力是计算土壤蒸发率的关键参数。本文讨论土壤表面蒸发阻力的概念，一层，二层理论模型与经验模型，并以在澳大利亚进行的田测定为例，说明田间测定与计算方法，并以计算沟中的蒸发率为例，介绍其应用方法。     

地下水计算参数的测定与估计

叙述了浅层地下水资源评价中几个常用参数(给水度、降雨入渗补给系数和潜水蒸发系数)的测定和估计方法,并结合实例进行剖析.通过分析,得到几点新的认识:(1)给水度值同注水的方式有关,在实际情况中,由于农田表层土壤疏松,且有作物影响,因而其最大值会出现在地表附近;(2)用抽水试验法测定给水度,其值因孔而异;(3)降雨入渗补给系数与土壤结构和给水度的关系密切,一般随着埋深的增加,该系数随之减小;(4)不同季节和不同作物,潜水蒸发系数不同,表现在计算公式上的参数也不相同.     

Using rainfall-runoff modeling to interpret lake level data

Using water balance computations, the behavior of different kinds of lakes is discussed. Simple analytical expressions relating water level to hydrological conditions and lake bathymetry are given. The importance of knowing the river basin area when analyzing lake levels is stressed. A conceptual rainfall-runoff model including lake routing is used to simulate runoff and lake levels and to compute quasi-steady state conditions and long-term transient situations. It is suggested that models can be used to construct curves relating lake levels to precipitation and lake evaporation. By comparing with paleo-lake levels, the annual precipitation related to these levels can be found, provided information is available about the seasonal distribution of the precipitation.     

考虑入渗和蒸发影响的土坡稳定性分析方法

本研究建议的一种分析方法假定斜坡非饱和土体的水分运动参数及剪强度参数与饱和度的依赖关系均可根据实验或经验确定。通过数值计算方法妥任意给定的入渗和蒸发边界条件下斜坡土体的瞬态含水率分布及与其相对应的瞬态抗剪强度参数分布。在此基础上瞬态斜坡安全因数即可通过常规的稳定性分析方法求得。