Response of artificial grassland carbon stock to management in mountain region of Southern Ningxia,China

Grassland is a major carbon sink in the terrestrial ecosystem. The dynamics of grassland carbon stock profoundly influence the global carbon cycle. In the published literatures so far, however, there are limited studies on the long-term dynamics and influential factors of grassland carbon stock, including soil organic carbon. In this study, spatial-temporal substitution method was applied to explore the characteristics of Medicago sativa L.(alfalfa) grassland biomass carbon and soil organic carbon density(SOCD) in a loess hilly region with different growing years and management patterns. The results demonstrated that alfalfa was the mono-dominant community during the cutting period(viz. 0–10 year). Community succession began after the abandonment of alfalfa grassland and then the important value of alfalfa in the community declined. The artificial alfalfa community abandoned for 30 years was replaced by the S. bungeana community. Accordingly, the biomass carbon density of the clipped alfalfa showed a significant increase over the time during 0–10 year. During 0–30 year, the SOCD from 0–100 cm of the soil layer of all 5 management patterns increased over time with a range between 5.300 ± 0.981 kg/m2 and 12.578 ± 0.863 kg/m2. The sloping croplands had the lowest SOCD at 5.300 ± 0.981 kg/m2 which was quite different from the abandoned grasslands growing for 30 years which exhibited the highest SOCD with 12.578 ± 0.863 kg/m2. The ecosystem carbon density of the grassland clipped for 2 years increased 0.1 kg/m2 compared with the sloping cropland, while that of the grassland clipped for 10 years substantially increased to 10.30 ± 1.26 kg/m2. Moreover, the ecosystem carbon density for abandoned grassland became 12.62 ± 0.50 kg/m2 at 30 years. The carbon density of the grassland undisturbed for 10 years was similar to that of the sloping cropland and the grassland clipped for 2 years. Different management patterns imposed great different effects on the accumulation of biomass carbon on artificial grasslands, whereas the ecosystem carbon density of the grassland showed a slight increase from the clipping to abandonment of grassland in general.     

蒙阴县京沪高速公路沿线破损山体治理方法探讨

蒙阴县以科学发展观为指导,结合当地实际,积极探索破损山体治理模式,对京沪高速公路沿线破损山体进行了综合治理,取得了较好的治理效果。该文详细介绍了植生穴绿化技术、植生盆绿化技术和雕刻美化治理技术在蒙阴县京沪高速公路沿线破损山体治理中的应用,以及生态修复技术在日后养护中的注意事项,并探讨了治理工程产生的环境效益和社会效益。     

2010年青海玉树地震(Ms7.1)同震地表破裂及其与山脉隆升的关系

野外调查发现,2010年4月14日青海玉树Ms7.1级地震同震地表破裂带长约65km,破裂带走向为310°,破裂面向NE陡倾,地表破裂带由2部分组成,其中西侧部分长约19km,东侧部分长约30km,两者之间存在约15km的无破裂区。地表破裂以右阶雁行状破裂分布为主要特征,呈现左旋走滑性质,伴随有垂直位移。统计结果显示,同震地表破裂垂直位移 (dv)与水平位移 (dh)的比值在0.13~0.53之间,地貌累积dv与累积dh比值为0.27~0.63。同震dv/dh与地貌dv/dh的相似显示玉树南山的形成和玉树地震具有同样的运动学和动力学性质,玉树南山的形成是地质历史上沿玉树断裂多次类似于玉树地震的地震活动的结果,计算出需要1800~2600次地震才能造成玉树南山的隆升。前人研究本段断层地震复发周期为120~200年,计算出断层开始活动时间不晚于20万~40万年以前。     

A soil temperature control system for sapling study in alpine region

A soil temperature control system was designed for sapling study in alpine region and tested in summer, 2009. The system consisted of a power switch, voltage regulator, microcomputer timer, safety relays, temperature control device, temperature sensors, heating cables, fireproofing plastic pipes (PVC), 108 heavy-duty plastic containers and seedlings. The heating cables were held in six 2-layer PVC frames with 25 cm wide, 320 cm long and 25 cm high and three 1-layer frames with 25 cm wide and 320 cm long for 15°C soil temperature treatment, half of the 2-layer frames were used for 20°C and 25°C soil temperature treatments, respectively. Each of the frames was installed at each of ditches with 30 cm wide, 330 cm long and 30 cm deep in size. 12 seedling containers with 20 cm top diameter, 18cm bottom diameter and 25 cm high were homogenously placed at each of the ditches, and spaces between the containers were filled with natural soil. The system was economic, and could increase soil temperatures obviously and uniformly, the maximal and minimal standard errors of soil temperatures were ±0.28 and ±0.05°C at 10cm depth in the containers within each of all the ditches. In the system, aboveground environment was natural, diurnal and monthly soil temperatures varied with changing air temperature, the research results may be better to know the eco-physiological and growth responses of alpine saplings/seedlings to soil warming than that in greenhouse, laboratory, infrared heat lamp and open top chamber.     

山坡土壤化学性质的空间变异影响

选取太湖源头和睦桥小流域为研究对象,通过90个点的土壤现场采样及室内化学性质分析,旨在揭示其空间分布规律及相关地貌影响.35个代表性采样点的分析表明,在山区小流域尺度上,多数点位土壤pH值介于4.03～4.62之间,近似正态分布,其空间变异较小,土壤全氮和全磷的空间变异居中,土壤有机质和碱土金属(钾、钠、镁、钙)的空间变异性最大.此外,土壤有机质和全氮还具有一定的空间关联性,相关性系数为0.49.地形地貌对土壤化学性质的影响程度不一:随高程增加,土壤中有机质和全氮的含量明显增加,而高程对土壤pH值、全磷及碱土金属的影响则较小;地形坡度对其空间分布的影响较小,而坡向对土壤养分的空间分布有显著影响,偏西及偏北方向的山坡中土壤有机质、全氮和全磷含量要明显高于偏东和偏南的山坡;最后,山坡曲率对土壤有机质的影响也很显著,发散型山坡以及凹型山坡的土壤有机质含量较高,沿山谷线一带土壤有机质的含量亦较高.     

强降雨在山地灾害链成灾演化中的关键控制作用

经历了2009年的干旱后,2010年雨季,中国西部山区山地灾害频繁暴发并演化成灾害链,强降雨起到了关键控制作用。降雨使山地灾害链极大扩展了空间影响范围,加速了演化进程。选取灾害链演化中的滑坡、泥石流两个关键环节,构建力学模型,对降雨的控制激发作用进行分析,分别以贵州关岭滑坡-碎屑流灾害链、甘肃舟曲泥石流-堰塞湖灾害链为典型实例进行验证,最终得出结论:强降雨激发滑坡、泥石流形成的控制作用是通过特殊的水作用机制体现的,久旱强雨是灾害链预警防控的关键时段。     

山地旅游区域水体观光影响性降雨探讨

流域降雨引起水土流失,影响观光河道水体质量,探讨水体观光影响性降雨特性,对于旅游地水土保持建设和景观资源有效利用具有一定的现实意义。本文以浙江省天台山风景区石梁景区为研究区,通过野外观测,获取流域降雨特性与观光水体浊度数据,借助水体视觉美感和侵蚀性降雨分析,探讨观光影响性降雨的临界值、降雨特性、时空差异及其水色变化规律...     

济南千佛山地区沉积地层特征地质构造演化及古地理

济南千佛山及其周边地区的早古生代地层在我国北方极具代表性,该文在结合前人的大量研究总结和野外地质调查基础上,对千佛山地区的岩石地层、沉积相、层序地层和区内存在的重要地质构造界面进行了详细的总结;同时,结合该区在大地构造单元中所处的位置对其地质构造演化和古地理进行了系统的总结。     

泰山云步桥景区崩塌灾害特征及防治

以实际调查、监测资料为依据,在分析云步桥景区崩塌地质灾害特征的基础上,提出了崩塌灾害治理方案,并依据治理方案对可能继续发生崩塌的悬空区进行了治理。治理方案针对地质灾害的具体情况,采用了国内先进的综合方法,实施成本较低,方法实用,效果良好。     

北京南口山前活动断层的分段性研究

北京南口山前断层为军都山隆起与京西丘陵平原区的分界断层，也是北京拗陷西部的一条控盆断层，是首都圈范围内具有发震背景的危险断层之一。在前人对南口山前断层研究的基础上，笔者进行了野外实地考察和综合分析。根据断层的几何结构和活动性特征，将南口山前断层分为四段：琉璃庙－上口段（40km）、上口－南口段（15km）、南口－白羊城段（13km）和白羊城－沿河城段（30km）。其中南口－白羊城段活动程度最高，具有发生中强震的构造背景。