Seismic response analysis of bridges isolated with friction pendulum bearings

A systematic method is developed for the dynamic analysis of the structures with sliding isolation which is a highly non-linear dynamic problem. According to the proposed method, a unified motion equation can be adapted for both stick and slip modes of the system. Unlike the traditional methods by which the integration interval has to be chopped into infinitesimal pieces during the transition of sliding and non-sliding modes, the integration interval remains constant throughout the whole process of the dynamic analysis by the proposed method so that accuracy and efficiency in the analysis of the non-linear system can be enhanced to a large extent. Moreover, the proposed method is general enough to be adapted for the analysis of the structures with multiple sliding isolators undergoing independent motion conditions simultaneously. The superiority of the proposed method for the analysis of sliding supported structures is verified by a three-span continuous bridge subjected to harmonic motions and real earthquakes. In addition, the side effect of excessive displacement of the superstructure induced by the sliding isolation is eliminated by replacing one of the roller supports on the abutments with hinge support. Therefore, both reductions in the forces of the substructure and the displacements of the superstructure can be achieved simultaneously. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Floodplain construction by recent,rapid vertical accretion: Waipaoa River,New Zealand

The rate of vertical accretion (typically 14–18 mm h⁻¹) during eight floods in the Waipaoa River basin, with recurrence intervals of 5 to 60 years, was determined by relating the floodplain stratigraphy at McPhail's bend to the 1948–1995 flood history. Overbank deposits remaining after a flood that occurred in March 1996 suggest a rate of vertical accretion of 15 mm h⁻¹. By contrast, because the flow velocity across the floodplain was too high to permit deposition from suspension, during the record flood of March 1988 the rate of vertical accretion was only 6 mm h⁻¹. The sequence of deposition is highly discontinuous, and the rapid vertical accretion is a response to a late 19th to early 20th century phase of deforestation in the headwaters that probably initiated a far greater change in suspended sediment yield than in discharge. Cross-section surveys conducted since 1948 indicate that the high suspended sediment load of the Waipaoa River also promoted in-channel deposition, which effected a progressive reduction in bankfull channel width although, due to the overbank deposition, channel capacity remained constant. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高铁单点交错轨道平面和高程控制网测设新方法研究

为提高高速铁路轨道控制网(CPⅢ)建网及复测的效率,提出单点交错形式三维CPⅢ控制网测设新方法。该方法采用单点交错的布点方式,较点对形式的CPⅢ控制网CPⅢ控制点数量减半;该方法采用全站仪一次测量同时构建CPⅢ平面网和CPⅢ三角高程网,测量效率显著提高。为验证该方法的精度及可行性,对某段高速铁路CPⅢ控制网实测数据进行计算实验。结果表明,该方法求得的坐标与传统点对形式的CPⅢ控制点坐标的较差落入[-1 mm,1 mm]区间的概率为98.9%,求得的高程与矩形法水准高程的较差落入[-3 mm,3 mm]区间的概率为97%,说明按照本文方法构建的CPⅢ平面网及CPⅢ三角高程网,均满足高铁CPⅢ控制网的精度要求。     

南海西部风驱离岸急流次中尺度锋面的动力学分析

本文利用卫星观测资料和500 m分辨率数值模拟结果,结合理论分析,对南海西部夏季风场驱动的离岸急流海域次中尺度锋面及其不稳定对背景流场的动力学影响进行了研究。卫星观测和模拟结果表明,南海西部（WSCS）存在侧向尺度为O（1-10）km的次中尺度锋面,在地转和非地转运动的共同作用下,次中尺度密度锋面具有一阶Rossby（Ro）和Richardson（Ri）数。锋面诊断结果显示,沿锋面急流方向的风场强迫引起了显著的跨锋面Ekman净输送,有效地在跨锋面方向将表层冷水平流输送至暖水侧,导致海表浮力损失。减弱的垂向层结和增强的水平浮力梯度使得锋面海域出现负Ertel位涡（PV）,表明该密度锋面易受次中尺度对称不稳定（SI）的影响。次中尺度锋面不稳定引起的跨锋面次级环流能够显著增强垂向速度,其最大值可达100 m·d^-1。能量评估结果表明,次中尺度湍流的两个主要能量源,即地转剪切项（GSP）和垂向浮力通量（BFLUX）在锋面海域显著增强表明在沿锋面急流方向的风场强迫作用下,大尺度地转流的地转剪切动能和锋面有效位能能有效地通过锋面不稳定向次中尺度过程传递。因此,次中尺度锋面及其不稳定有助于增强局地垂向交换和正向串级地转能量,可以为夏季WSCS高叶绿素浓度的相干结构和锋面地转能量的正向传递提供新的动力解释。     

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新型码头结构在我国港口工程中的应用

对我国近年出现的几种新型码头结构的研究进行了综述和分析。其中,遮帘式板桩码头结构减小了作用于前板桩上的土压力,使板桩码头在大水深情况下得以应用;双排大管桩码头结构使大管桩较高的轴向承载力和抗弯强度得到充分发挥;架空直立式码头解决了内河大水位差情况下建造码头的难题;椭圆型沉箱的应用避免了采用2个圆沉箱产生前后不均匀沉降的技术难题。最后,对上述新型结构的应用进行了总结。     

垂向动载荷下桶形基础响应实验研究

对垂向动载荷作用下吸力式桶形基础(简称桶基)响应进行离心机实验模拟.结果表明,在垂向动载荷作用下,当载荷幅值超过一定值时,桶基周围砂土软化甚至液化,发生明显的沉降.桶基周围土体的沉降随着载荷幅值的增加而增加.由于液化区的滤波和对动载的衰减作用,发生沉降的范围有限,离桶壁约一倍桶高距离.超孔隙水压从桶基边沿水平向逐渐衰减,从土面开始往下逐渐衰减到零.桶基周围砂土完全液化的厚度随载荷幅值的增加而增加,最大值约为桶高的40%.     

利用GPS基准站数据浅析我国地壳垂直运动

应用国内GPS基准站1999-2005年共？年的垂直位移时间序列数据,浅析我国的地壳垂直运动。粗略地分析GPS基准站的垂向位移分量时间序列,表明地壳垂直运动受到多种因素的影响。     

三门湾近期水动力特性观测研究

利用2013年夏季包括大、中、小潮的三门湾大范围、同步水文观测资料,系统分析了三门湾近期潮动力的时空变化特征.结果表明,三门湾属于强潮海湾,湾顶处的各项潮汐特征值均大于湾口处.潮汐属于正规半日潮性质,潮波在向湾顶传播过程中浅水分潮增强明显.涨、落潮流历时相当,涨、落潮平均流速大小也比较接近,整体上优势流保持在45%~58%之间,涨落潮动力相对平衡.涨、落潮流矢表现出明显的往复流运动形式,整体涨落潮流向顺应三门湾的平面形态,主流向与湾内等深线基本平行.底摩擦对潮流的垂向结构作用明显,流速在垂向方向存在着明显的差异,大致成对数型结构分布,即表层或次表层流速最大,越靠下层流速越小,底层流速最小.各个测站之间,底层流速相对集中,越靠上层各测站之间流速大小差异越大,表层和次表层各站点之间流速大小差异最大.流速梯度极大值出现在急流附近,流速梯度的极小值出现在憩流附近.海床底部的粗糙度对流速梯度有着较大的影响.