2010年山西河津4.8级地震地磁垂直分量日变化低点时间空间分布特征

2010年1月11-24日,华北地区出现7次地磁低点位移异常。异常结束1天后研究区内发生2010年1月24日山西河津4.8级地震。采用实测低点时间减去理论低点时间的方法剔除低点时间经度效应,并以剔除经度效应后低点时间为0 h的等值线作为低点位移分界线,山西河津4.8级地震震中处于1月16日、17日、19日、22日地磁低点位移分界线上。低点位移异常日期间,华北地区存在显著的高梯度带,该文采用梯度值定量描述低点时间空间变化程度。在正常日期间,华北地区未出现梯度值大于1 h/（°）的区域,在异常日期间,出现梯度值大于1 h/（°）的区域,河津4.8级地震多位于高梯度区边缘。     

地磁垂直分量Z日变幅逐日比及其与磁暴和地震的关系

地磁垂直分量Z日变幅逐日比是基于变化磁场在地球电导率的作用下会产生一个与变化磁场相反的感应磁场, 该感应磁场不仅包含了外空磁场的信息, 还包含了地下电导率的信息。 因此, 相对于地磁场其他成分来说Z分量更多地反应了地下活动的变化, 逐日比是利用前后两日地磁Z分量日变幅相比来提取该异常现象, 但磁暴可能会对逐日比异常判定产生影响。 我们取1984年至今江苏区域范围达到逐日比异常判定指标的29个事件结合磁暴以及该异常事件之后和地震的对应关系进行统计分析。 研究发现, 无磁暴时逐日比异常和预测范围内地震对应关系达到0.77, 有磁暴时逐日比异常和地震对应关系为0.25。 综合分析认为逐日比异常事件发生后, 若该日无磁暴或者Dst指数小于异常第二日, 那么该异常为地震前兆的可能性大概为0.8, 反之则该异常有可能是磁暴的影响而不是来自于地下活动的影响, 需结合其他前兆分析方法进行综合分析, 该研究增强了逐日比异常判定地震地磁前兆信息的可靠性。     

银川地震台数字石英水平摆倾斜仪观测资料映震分析

统计银川地震台数字石英摆倾斜仪记录的2015-2016年全球M_S ≥ 4.0和中国大陆M_S ≥ 3.0地震震例,总结数字石英摆倾斜仪记录地震特征,以期为大震短临预报提供时间指标,为进一步研究该地震台数字石英摆倾斜仪地震监测能力和映震效能打下基础。     

宝昌地震台VP型垂直摆倾斜仪常见干扰

收集并整理内蒙古自治区宝昌地震台VP型垂直摆倾斜仪数字化观测资料,通过调查各种干扰因素特征,分析认为,雷电和强降雨、温度与气压、标定与校准、仪器故障是影响倾斜仪观测的主要因素。对干扰因素进行识别,进一步增加垂直摆观测数据可用性,对于准确抓取短临地震异常信息具有一定实用意义。     

甘肃CZB型竖直摆倾斜仪观测数据震前异常分析

甘肃省CZB型竖直摆倾斜仪观测资料显示,形变异常与中国大陆近年具有较大影响的一些地震存在对应关系,分析发现震前异常变化有2种：①渐进式异常变化;②台阶式异常变化。研究发现,在不同地震台站,同种倾斜仪器在同一地震前异常表现不同,分析认为异常形态与台址岩性和岩石完整程度有关,与台站所处地质构造和周围山体地貌有关。     

复式钢管混凝土外肋环板节点抗剪承载力研究

在已有理论和试验研究的基础上,对复式钢管混凝土外肋环板节点的抗剪受力性能进行分析。建立了节点核心区的抗剪受力模型,将节点域抗剪贡献分为三部分:节点域内外钢管腹板的抗剪贡献、节点主要连接件竖向肋板与锚固腹板的抗剪贡献以及节点域混凝土的抗剪贡献,推导了复式钢管混凝土柱节点屈服抗剪承载力和极限抗剪承载力的计算公式,为复式钢管混凝土柱节点的工程设计提供承载力计算方法。理论得到的节点屈服剪力和极限剪力值与试验结果进行了对比,并提出抗剪能力储备系数这一新指标反映节点的抗剪切破坏能力,量化地解释了节点发生梁铰破坏后抗剪能力的安全储备。得出此类新型节点在破坏时抗剪储备能力充足,可保证节点达到良好延性的破坏模式,说明节点设计符合强剪弱弯的抗震设计原则。     

地震计恒温低湿智能监控仪研制

摆房温度、湿度变化过大,地震计会出现靠摆、卡摆、标定不合格等故障现象,直接影响观测质量。为确保地震计工作环境恒温、低湿,观测数据连续、可靠,研制地震计低温低湿智能监控仪。     

垂直形变趋势累计率在川滇地区的应用

本文在研究形变趋势累计率的基础之上,对数据处理方法进行了局部改进,将跨断层场地布设较多的川滇地区作为实验区,利用精密水准测量分析该地区的垂直形变异常强度,并结合川滇地区震例开展研究。分析发现强震发生前后一段时期,震中附近形变异常强度几乎保持一致,但在震前（1、2个月左右）会发生较大改变,震后逐步恢复到与震前相同的情况;强震主要发生在形变异常强度值变化较大区域附近。垂直形变趋势累计率在中短期的映震效果较好。     

Cyclic tests of steel plate shear walls using box‐shape vertical boundary elements with or without infill concrete

The steel plate shear wall (SPSW) is an effective lateral force resisting system in which unstiffened steel infill plates are connected to the horizontal and vertical boundary elements (VBEs) on all sides of the plates. The boundary elements must be designed to resist the tension field force of the infill panels. When the VBEs are made from a steel box section, the flange of each box VBE connected with the infill panels can be pulled out‐of‐plane by significant panel forces, called pull‐out action. This study investigates capacity design methods for box VBEs in SPSWs. Simplified fixed beam and portal frame models aim to estimate the pull‐out responses of the flange of the box sections with and without infill concrete, respectively. In this study, cyclic tests of three full‐scale two‐story SPSWs using box VBEs with or without the infill concrete are conducted. Inelastic pushover analyses of the finite element models are conducted. The tests and analytical results confirm that the proposed design methods, which aimed to prevent the full yield of the flange under the pull‐out action, are applicable. Furthermore, the test and analytical results suggest that the initial yielding of the flange of box VBEs under the collective effects of the pull‐out action on the flange, the gravity load, and the sway action on the SPSW represents a local yielding. A strict prohibition of the initial yielding on the flange under the aforementioned collective effects is not recommended for pursuing a cost‐effective design. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Traveltime approximation in vertical transversely isotropic layered media

The well‐known asymptotic fractional four‐parameter traveltime approximation and the five‐parameter generalised traveltime approximation in stratified multi‐layer transversely isotropic elastic media with a vertical axis of symmetry have been widely used for pure‐mode and converted waves. The first three parameters of these traveltime expansions are zero‐offset traveltime, normal moveout velocity, and quartic coefficient, ensuring high accuracy of traveltimes at short offsets. The additional parameter within the four‐parameter approximation is an effective horizontal velocity accounting for large offsets, which is important to avoid traveltime divergence at large offsets. The two additional parameters in the above‐mentioned five‐parameter approximation ensure higher accuracy up to a given large finite offset with an exact match at this offset. In this paper, we propose two alternative five‐parameter traveltime approximations, which can be considered extensions of the four‐parameter approximation and an alternative to the five‐parameter approximation previously mentioned. The first three short‐offset parameters are the same as before, but the two additional long‐offset parameters are different and have specific physical meaning. One of them describes the propagation in the high‐velocity layer of the overburden (nearly horizontal propagation in the case of very large offsets), and the other characterises the intercept time corresponding to the critical slowness that includes contributions of the lower velocity layers only. Unlike the above‐mentioned approximations, both of the proposed traveltime approximations converge to the theoretical (asymptotic) linear traveltime at the limit case of very large (“infinite”) offsets. Their accuracy for moderate to very large offsets, for quasi‐compressional waves, converted waves, and shear waves polarised in the horizontal plane, is extremely high in cases where the overburden model contains at least one layer with a dominant higher velocity compared with the other layers. We consider the implementation of the proposed traveltime approximations in all classes of problems in which the above‐mentioned approximations are used, such as reflection and diffraction analysis and imaging.