三维地震属性参数在煤层厚度预测中的应用

依托“西部煤炭资源高精度三维地震勘探技术”项目工程,对晋城某矿南翼大巷东南区5m×5m×1ms的三维地震数据体,采用三维地震属性参数预测煤层厚度及其变化规律：沿3煤层、15煤层10ms时窗提取地震属性42种,根据钻孔资料,计算出煤厚与地震属性相关系数;从中优选出相关系数大于0．35的地震属性,其中3煤层9个、15煤层10个;然后进行地震属性互相关分析,优选出与3煤、15煤层厚度相关系数较大的4种属性,建立预测煤厚的BP神经网络模型,分别选取3煤层12个、15煤层4个实测数据作为学习训练和测试样本,以钻孔地震属性作为学习样本,对网络进行训练,最终获得全区煤层厚度。经与预留钻孔成果资料对比,预测精度较高,结果可用。     

Geochemistry of Brines from Salt Ore Deposits in Western Tarim Basin

In the geological evolution of the Tarim Basin, many transgressions and relictions happened. So there have been plentiful sources of salt. Moreover, because of uttermost drought, a lot of salt has been deposited. It is possible to find potash salt in this area. In our fieldwork, we have found salt and brine in western Tarim Basin. Based on a geological survey and the characteristics of sedimentary facies and paleogeography, this paper deals with the geochemical parameters and discusses the possibility of formation of potash salt in terms of the chemical analyses of samples collected from western Tarim Basin. Results of brine analysis lead to some conclusions: most of these salt brines have eluviated from very thick halite beds, mainly chloridetype salt and this kind of halite does not reach the stage of potash deposition in all aspects; WKSL (Wukeshalu) occupies a noticeable place, and we should attach importance to this district because there have been some indicators of the occurrence of potash deposits as viewed from the contents of Br and K. Finally, low Br contents are recognized in the Tarim Basin as a result of salt aggradation, and this point of view has been proved by the results of this experiment and the data available. It cannot depend upon the index of Br to judge the evolution stage of halite. We must look for other facies of potash except marine facies.     

考虑裂尖塑性区影响的水力压裂缝高计算模型

储层可压性的准确评价是储层压裂设计和压后产能评估的重要前提。目前,采用岩石力学参数进行页岩可压裂性评价取得了较好的现场应用效果。因此,如何准确获取岩石力学参数成为至关重要的问题。通过建立一种基于物理信息约束的神经网络模型,该模型采用物理和数据双驱动,仅使用少量数据就能够实现岩石力学参数的准确预测。为验证模型性能的优异性,采用人工神经网络、随机森林和XGBoost模型与之进行对比。结果表明,物理信息约束的神经网络在少量数据下预测岩石力学参数的平均准确率高于95%,性能远优于其他模型。采用物理信息约束的神经网络预测得到弹性模量、泊松比、抗拉强度和断裂韧性4种岩石力学参数,基于岩石力学参数对储层可压性的影响,建立了基于脆性指数和力学参数的可压性评价方法。最后,以渤海湾盆地沧东凹陷K2段不同储层可压性为例进行验证。结果表明：研究区整体可压性较好,其中,纹层状混合质页岩可压裂指数高于0.7,可压性良好;纹层状长英质页岩、厚层状灰云质页岩和薄层灰云质页岩可压裂指数均处在0.4~0.7,可压性中等。评价结果与实际施工现场各储层日采油量进行对比,证实了可压性智能评价方法的可靠性,该方法可以推广至页岩储层可压性评价工作中。

     

系统聚类分析在现代沉积环境划分中的应用--以崎岖列岛海区为例

根据崎岖列岛海区现代沉积物的分选系数、砂粒含量和粘粒含量 3个粒度特征参数,采用系统聚类分析方法划分现代沉积环境,与已知的沉积环境特征信息较为吻合。除水动力条件外,研究区的现代沉积环境深受物源条件和地形因素的影响。在有效划分研究区现代沉积环境的 3个粒度参数中,砂粒含量是受物源条件影响最为显著的参数,分选是对地形与流场相互作用最为敏感的参数。偏度对研究区沉积环境差异的敏感性是有限的。峰度几乎不能作为研究区沉积环境划分的粒度参数。水动力条件的特殊性值得在沉积环境的划分中予以足够重视。     

油气化探综合异常模糊划分动态聚类分级评价

通过选取描述油气化探综合异常的各种特征参量，借助模糊数学工具，利用最优聚类中心所具有的代表特征，建立分级指标，对油气化探综合进行分级评价。鄂尔多斯盆地油气化探综合异常的评价实例结果表明，利用油气化探综合异常各种特征参量进行动态聚类分级评价是可行的。     

应用航放资料寻找非放射性金属矿产效果探讨

本通过对粤北地区已知的52个非放射性金属矿床（点）的地质、物化探特征的统计资料综合分析，建立了评价非放射性金属矿产成矿远景的航空能谱参数模型，结合重磁测量、重砂测量及金属量测量成果，预测了4片非放射性金属矿产成矿远景区。     

Experimental evidence for eukaryotic fossil preservation: Onion skin cells in silica solution

Research on the origin of eukaryotes often focuses on the exceptional preservation found in silicified Precambrian fossils. Nuclei like subcellular structures in well-preserved fossil becomes confusion and arguments, which focus on whether the partial degradation of prokaryotes produces artifacts that resemble a ‘nucleus’, or fossilized nuclei of eukaryotes. In order to understand the mechanisms of silicification and identify the fossilized subcellular and microstructures in rocks, a series of laboratory controlled experiments were performed for simulating the silicification process. The effects of different silica solutions in eukaryote fossilization were studied in our experiments by exposing onion skin cells (epidermis) to silica solutions. Onion skin provides a good experimental model because of its well characterized cellular structures which are easily observed. The designed experiments revealed that the possibility of onion cell preserved as a “fossil” with nuclear structures, the first week fossilization, or mineralization as rapid as 1 week is important. And the experiment also revealed interactions between silica and the onion skin cell wall surface functional groups were weak. The preservation of nuclei in the onion skin model was due to precipitation in highly supersaturated silica solutions rather than simply the high silica concentration. When the silica gel precipitates slowly at low supersaturation states, the nuclei were not well preserved, but the rapid precipitation at high supersaturated silica conditions preserved nuclear structures. A better understanding of the processes involved in onion skin fossilization will further contribute to issues concerning the silicification of other eukaryotic materials.     

模糊数学在水化学寻找可地浸铀矿中的应用

利用水化学找铀，有成本低、效率高、速度快等特点，在寻找可地浸砂岩型铀矿也有明显的效果，但是在找铀过程中仅用水化学成份、氡含量、酸碱度和氧化还原电位等数值进行描述，说明它们与铀矿化的关系，这种单一因素不能综合反映与铀矿化的联系程度，以定量评价铀矿化与上述因素的关系，从而影响了水化学找矿的效果，通过模糊数学方法建立数学模型处理水化学数据，巳知可地浸砂岩型铀矿的特征值为参数进行定量评价未知区铀成矿的前景，使该方法成为今后铀矿预测中一种可靠有效的水文地质方法。     

非饱和土中镉离子传输模型参数反演

使用自行设计的的真空实验装置,采用一维实验室土柱实验方法在不同实验条件下进行了15组实验,并基于实验所得的穿透曲线,使用梯度正则化方法反演得到了镉离子在8种葡萄牙土样和1种比利时土样中相应的传输模型参数。同时通过数值模拟实验验证了梯度正则化方法的有效性和可靠性,进而证明所得结果是有效的。     

气动潜孔锤钻进技术若干问题

气动潜孔锤钻进技术以其钻进效率高、钻孔质量好等一系列优点已被广泛应用,但在日常应用中也存在着诸如钻进效果不尽如人意,所选设备性能和施工条件不匹配、不适应其主要参数,基本操作守则掌握不好等问题。以工程实践为依据,参考有关文献,对气动潜孔锤钻进中的若干技术问题进行了论述,以期促进该技术的推广应用。