天然土层初始状态与土体压缩性的相关性刍议

通过分析自钻式旁压仪等原位测试手段获取静止侧压力系数偏高现象,揭示了传统理论估算天然土层垂向应力偏小的事实。经历勘探开采的卸荷膨胀,室内实验取得的原状样本重力密度不再等同于地层埋藏条件的初始状态。初始状态不会背离土体压缩性本质,因此以均匀性假设条件认知上覆压力作用下天然土层土体的物理性质并不恰当。本文采取固结压力附加100kPa等技术措施变革压缩实验分析模式,探索构建与压缩和回弹性质及应力历史条件相关的天然土层初始状态数学模型。结合应用实例,提出室内实验观察的回弹指数不足以体现样本的膨胀状况,最小干密度和液限状态的物理意义或是土体原始压缩的最大孔隙特征,以及压缩指数不能圆满诠释土体压缩性原理等见解。     

传递函数在场地振动台模型试验中的应用研究

利用场地大型振动台试验,基于传递函数理论,计算得到场地的相对传递函数和绝对传递函数,并对两类传递函数特征以及利用两类传递函数计算场地动力特性参数的差异性进行了对比,并对采用传递函数进行场地频域动力响应估算的可行性和准确性进行了分析。研究结果表明：相对传递函数和绝对传递函数的虚部重合,采用两种传递函数虚部计算场地动力参数具有等同性,且采用两种传递函数虚部曲线计算得到的动力特性参数较为准确;固有频率的计算适合采用两种传递函数的虚部或是相对传递函数的模;场地阻尼比的计算宜采用两种传递函数的虚部或绝对传递函数的模;利用两种传递函数实部、虚部或模计算得到的场地加速度振型是一致的;利用传递函数估算场地频域动力响应是可行的,且相对传递函数的估算结果更加准确。该研究对传递函数在场地动力特性参数计算及场地频域响应估算方面进行了有益的尝试。     

Synchrotron IR study of hydrous ringwoodite (γ-Mg2SiO4) up to 30 GPa

High-pressure synchrotron infrared (IR) absorption spectra were collected between 650 and 4,000 cm⁻¹ at ambient temperature for hydrous Mg-ringwoodite (γ-Mg₂SiO₄) up to 30 GPa. The main feature in the OH⁻ stretching region is an extremely broad band centred at 3,150 cm⁻¹. The hydrogen bond is strong for most protons and the most probable site for protonation is the tetrahedral edge. With increasing pressure, this band shifts downward while decreasing its integrated intensity until disappearance at a pressure of 25 GPa. Only one band at 2,450 cm⁻¹ and an absorption plateau persist with a maximum wavenumber of 3,800 cm⁻¹. This behaviour is reversible upon pressure release. We interpret this as a second-order phase transition occurring in hydrated Mg-ringwoodite at high pressure (beyond ∼ 25 GPa). This result is compatible with the observation by Kleppe et al. (Phys Chem Miner 29:473–476, 2002a) who suggested the presence of Si–O–Si linkages and/or partial increase in the coordination of Si. Beyond the phase transition, the protons are delocalized and their environment on the ringwoodite structure is probably quite different from that at low pressure. Data obtained in situ at high pressures and temperatures are needed to better understand the effect of protonation on the structure and to better constrain this phase transition.     

裂隙地下水反分析中若干问题探析

本文以反演介质参数为例,讨论了模型的建立、反问题数值计算中实际参数采集及其对成果的影响,有关数值法的适用性、唯一性。     

Bioelectricity generation and remediation of sulfide contaminated tidal flat sediment

A dramatic decrease in the catch of shellfish has been observed due to the high amount of Acid Volatile Sulfide(AVS) in the tidal flats in Japan.In the current study,an evaluation of simultaneous bioelectricity generation and remediation of sulfide contaminated tidal flat sediment has been done.The sediment samples collected from Tokyo Bay and Yamaguchi Bay,Japan,have been used in the laboratory test.A 2 L cylindrical shaped Sediment Microbial Fuel Cell(SMFC) has been used to evaluate the remediation of both sediment samples in the laboratory.Three different electrode materials carbon felt,carbon fiber and bamboo charcoal were used in the experiments to compare their efficiency to reduce the AVS from the sediment and generate bioelectricity.It was observed that the AVS reduction was higher at 5 cm depths for the Tokyo Bay sediment(100%) compared to the Yamaguchi Bay sediment(60%).The larger grain size for the Tokyo Bay sediment was the probable reason for this.The maximum voltage was around 100 and80 mV for Tokyo Bay and Yamaguchi Bay,respectively.     

水管倾斜仪标定中若干问题的讨论

讨论了DSQ型水管倾斜仪标定中的重要环节和方法,以及有关参数的原理和程序计算,为正确进行水管仪标定提供了一些参考经验和计算工具。     

钢结构高温响应影响因素的研究

根据考虑几何和材料非线性及温度沿杆件截面高度线性分布等因素对钢结构常温和高温响应影响的基本方程,用自行编制的计算程序对单层双跨钢框架进行结构非线性温度响应研究,分析了弯曲应变、屈强比、梁柱刚度比、初始弹性模量等因素对结构响应的影响,并研究了温度步长、保护层厚度对结构耐火时间的影响。由计算结果发现,弯曲应变、初始弹性模量、梁柱线刚度比对梁跨中挠度及边柱柱顶水平位移影响较大,而对柱顶竖向位移影响不明显;当结构有防火保护层时,时间步长对结构耐火时间的影响不大,而保护层厚度对结构耐火时间的影响较明显。     

Hydrologic simulation of clay‐settling areas in the phosphate mining district,Florida

Clay‐settling areas (CSAs) are one of the most conspicuous and development‐limiting landforms remaining after phosphate mining. Many questions are asked by the mining and regulatory communities with regard to the correct modelling (predictive) methods and assumptions that should be used to yield viable hydrologic post‐reclamation landforms within CSAs. Questions as to the correct methodology to use in modelling/predicting long‐term CSA hydrologic performance have historically been difficult to answer because the data and analysis to support popular hypotheses did not exist. The goal of this paper was to substantially improve the data, analysis and predictive methodology necessary to return CSAs to viable hydrologic units, and moreover, to develop better understanding of the hydrology of CSAs and their ability to support wetlands. The study site is located at the Fort Meade Mine in Polk County, Florida. In this paper, continuous model simulation and calibration of study site were conducted for the hydrologic model, Hydrological Simulation Program – FORTRAN, which was generally selected on the basis of its popularity in predicting the hydrologic behaviour of CSAs. The objective of this study was to simulate streamflow discharges and stage to estimate runoff response from these areas on the basis of the observed rainfall within the CSA. A set of global hydrologic parameters was selected and tested during the calibration by the parameter estimation software PEST. A comparison of the simulated and observed flow data indicates that the model calibration adequately reproduces the hydrologic response of the CSAs. The estimated parameters can be used as references for future application of the model. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

页岩气地震勘探数据采集参数选择的研究

我国页岩气重点开展区域为南方海相沉积地层,地震地质条件相对复杂,数据采集难度较大。贵州凤冈某页岩气勘查区块,属典型的喀斯特低山地貌,地形起伏大,地震施工困难,同时寒武系下统牛蹄塘组页岩层埋藏较深,反射波能量较弱,原始资料信噪比偏低。参考邻区地震勘探经验,采用二种方法论证野外施工参数:一是在勘探区选取论证点设计物理模型进行理论计算;二是以勘查区内向斜部位设计地质模型进行正演模拟求取。在此基础上通过进行不同岩性、井深、药量等激发接收参数的试验,确定了该区块的野外施工方案。该区页岩气地震勘探野外施工参数的选择方法,有效保障了其页岩气地震勘探效果。     

高层建筑荷载引发地面沉降与隆起变形三维数值模拟

针对地下水埋深较浅地区,由高层建筑荷载引起的土体变形问题,以比奥固结理论为基础,结合土体非线性流变理论,将土体本构关系推广到黏弹塑性;同时考虑土体力学参数及水力参数的动态变化关系,建立了高层建筑荷载引发地面沉降与隆起变形的三维有限元数值模型,详细研究了高层建筑荷载影响下的土体变形特征及此过程中土体力学参数及水力学参数的变化特征。结果表明：由高层建筑荷载引起的地面沉降呈现漏斗状,以建筑物中心为漏斗中心,高层建筑荷载施加初期,高层建筑周围出现隆起,到达最大值后隆起逐渐消失;高层建筑底部浅层土体孔隙度、渗透系数及泊松比均呈现缓慢减小趋势,弹性模量呈现缓慢增大趋势;而高层建筑周围浅层土体的孔隙度、渗透系数及泊松比呈现先增大后减小的变化趋势,弹性模量则呈现先减小后增大的变化趋势;高层建筑影响区域浅部土体参数的变化趋势与土体的回弹及压缩有关。