利用电磁台站观测数据推算汶川MS8.0地震等效电偶矩

本文利用地下电偶极子产生的电磁场模型, 尝试模拟和推算地震前地面电磁台站观测数据所需震源深度处等效电偶矩。 结果显示, 在观测频率为1 Hz, 地下平均电导率取7.0×10^-4 S/m 时, 2008年汶川M_S8.0地震前电磁异常高潮期, 距离震中1440 km 的高碑店台NS测向观测到1.3 mV/m的电场强度所需震源深度处等效电偶矩量级为10¹³A·m; 若考虑地震主破裂长度150 km, 则产生的地电流量级为10⁸ A。 同时, 这一等效电偶源在地面产生电场的2D分布图显示出很强的方向性(或不均匀性); 信号强度和电流源方向存在着密切的关系, 且电磁场值随观测距离增大而衰减迅速。 这部分地解释了地震相关电磁异常信号的方向性(或不均匀性)的观测事实; 如果观测点位于非强信号区, 即使在有效的探测范围内也可能记录不到异常信息, 这对地震监测台网仪器选址和布置提出了要求, 具有现实的指导意义。     

山东省滨州市地下水污染现状研究

水资源是人类赖以生存的不可替代的物质基础,在全球经济和社会可持续发展过程中占有相当重要的地位。近年来,随着工业和农业的快速发展以及城镇人口的快速增长,随之而来的石油类污染、纺织印染污染、城市垃圾和生产生活污水的不合理处置以及农业生产农药、化肥的大量使用,造成本来有限的地下水污染状况日趋加重。以20世纪80年代时期地下水水质测试资料为背景,利用2015年以及近年来取得的大量水质测试资料,采用"污染指数法",对山东省滨州市进行区域地下水污染综合评价。研究表明:滨州市地下水无机污染以硝酸根、亚硝酸根、氯化物和硫酸盐为主,有机污染以二氯甲烷、三氯乙烯、1,1-二氯乙烯、三氯甲烷为主。相比而言黄河以北地区因地下水水位埋藏较浅,包气带岩性以砂岩为主,而且化工和皮革鞣质加工企业较多,因此受到有机污染危害更大一些。     

青岛市大沽河水源地地下水资源潜力分析

青岛市水资源可利用量远远满足不了区内经济快速发展的需要,水资源缺乏已成为青岛市最突出的问题之一。大沽河水源地是青岛市最大的供水水源地,易采易补,本文在以往工作成果的基础上,结合大沽河水源地的水文地质条件,按照在枯水年系列中动用的储存资源在丰水年能够得到补偿的实践经验和思路,对大沽河水源地的地下水资源潜力进行了全面分析,提出新增地下水人工调蓄资源潜力54.54×106 m3/a,为青岛市增大可供水量、缓解水资源供需矛盾提供了后备水源。     

The LUSI mud volcano triggering controversy: Was it caused by drilling?

Following the Yogyakarta earthquake on May 27th, 2006, the subsequent eruption of a mud volcano has been closely observed and analyzed by the geological community. The mud volcano, known as LUSI, began erupting near the Banjarpanji-1 exploration well in Sidoarjo, East Java, Indonesia. LUSI offers a unique opportunity to study the genesis and development of a mud volcano.     

Review of Research Progresses on the Science of Earthquake Underground Fluid in China During the Last 40 Years

This paper presents a review of the development of scientific research and practice of earthquake underground fluid in China during the last 40 years, summaries early constructive research and primary achievements in this field. The science of earthquake underground fluid is closely correlated with earthquake monitoring and prediction, such as innovations in observation techniques and theoretical methods, and analysis of diversified parameters and research into predictive methods. The historical evolution of observation networks for underground fluid indicates that the demand for strong earthquake monitoring and prediction has become the driving force of the construction and development of the observation network. The development of observation techniques represents the trend based on multiform measurement, syntheses, and digitization. The study results of underground fluid theory and precursory mechanisms suggest that the precursory model, numerical simulation and in-door or field experimental research are the main technological approaches promoting innovation. Research results of earthquake forecast methods use physics based forecast techniques and the ideas of combination of usability and scientific advance. It has been proved by forecast practice that studying underground fluid is a very important subject in earthquake prediction on the Chinese mainland. Finally, the primary work and technical criterion on underground fluid are introduced, and some major scientific issues and development trends in different historical stages are summarized.     

用HV谱比法推测银川市区沉积层基底分布特征

在缺乏其他资料的情况下,地脉动常常用做确定地震动对地表介质产生影响效应的简便手段。本文以银川市区为研究对象,根据地震勘探资料有目的的选取5条测线在银川市区进行地脉动观测,观测点共141个。用Nakamura提出的HV谱比法解析观测数据,在给定地下构造剪切波速度(VS)的基础上,由H/V比值曲线中的基本频率推测盆地深层地下构造。通过理论计算进一步验证了解析结果。结合前人地震勘探资料推测了银川市区脉动基本频率分布特征,并给出2D和3D银川市基底构造变化情况,对比分析表明,HV谱比法得到的脉动基本频率值可以反映银川盆地基底变化情况。     

哈萨克斯坦与中国新疆地震地下流体监测现状与对比

哈萨克斯坦是世界上最早从事地震地下流体前兆研究的国家之一。本文介绍了哈萨克斯坦地震地下流体观测的发展历史和研究现状,并和中国新疆开展的该项工作进行了对比,分析了双方的优势和特点。     

Assessment of the vertical distribution on seismic ground motion

It is very important for the facilities such as nuclear power plants to infer seismic force loading on the earthquake stability assessment of the building foundation and the surrounding slope. The purpose of this paper was to propose a method to evaluate underground seismic coefficients, taking into account dynamic response along the depth in horizontally multi-layered ground. The dynamic property of the seismic coefficient was analyzed on the basis of earthquake records observed at hard and soft rock sites mostly found in Tertiary deposits and sedimentary ground sites of the Pleistocene and Holocene epoch. The evaluation methods of a vertical distribution on underground seismic coefficients were proposed for a few calculation methods on the classified layered ground. Extended evaluation for underground seismic coefficients was confirmed with respect to some multi-layered ground during strong motion.     

模糊分维理论在地下流体资料分析中的应用

本文采用模糊集理论与分形理论相结合的模糊分维方法,计算了聊城１井水氡和豫０１井水位动态资料,发现在１９８１年河北宁晋Ｍｓ５．８,１９８３年山东菏泽Ｍｓ５．９和１９８５年河北任县Ｍｓ５．０地震前出现了明显的降维特征。选出了两台项的模糊分维基值为０．６０和０．７５。分析结果认为,模糊分维值反映了地震前兆时序观测资料的结构变化特征,具有一定物理意义。做为地下流体前兆观测资料提取地震异常信息的新方法,有一     

清江水布垭水电站地下厂房岩体质量评价及反馈设计研究

考虑地下水 ,地应力及结构面产状和岩溶、剪切带发育的特点修正 ,确定了水布垭水电站地下工程洞室工程岩体质量 ,进行了地下工程的 RMR分类研究 ,讨论了与水布垭地下工程反馈设计及信息法施工的有关问题。