胸腹部双螺旋CT扫描与临床应用

报告了２５００例胸腹部双螺旋ＣＴ扫描，胸部１０７５例，其中肺恶性肿瘤４０８例，肺炎性疾病３０１例，结核１０８例，胸膜疾病７５例，纵隔肿瘤和转移瘤５４例，腹部１４２５例，其中肝硬化、肝恶性肿瘤４２７例，良性病变１５６例，胰腺为、胰腺癌１１５例，肾、肾上腺肿瘤１９５例，其它胸部和腹部如：肝、胆囊、消化道及腹膜后疾病２３２例，余者共４２９列示查出病变。上述疾病均经临床或病理证实。双螺旋ＣＴ扫描的优点是速     

在二维和三维CT图象重建理论方法的研究工作及新进展

本文主要介绍近几年清华大学工程物理系“粒子技术与辐射成象”国家专业实验室在二维和三维ＣＴ图象重建领域的研究成果，这些成果基本上代表了我国在核领域的研究水平。     

PZ-600型全身CT机反投影原理及其框图

目前大部分CT机常用的成像方法仍是卷积反投影法。对于在医院工作的某些工程技术人员来说是很想了解该方法在计算上是如何实现的。笔者在对我院 PZ-600型 CT 机的有关资料进行了分析和整理后,试图较直观地说明 PZ-600型 CT 机反投影成像的具体实现过程。PZ-600型机也有专用硬件,本文介绍其硬件框图。     

CT机X线系统的维护与检修

本文分析了X线CT扫描机的故障,指出X线系统故障占30%以上。以TCT80A和GE900为例,概述了 X 线系统的构成,讨论了 X 线系统的维护和检修。     

用CT技术反演面波Q值空间分布及其研究前景(英文)

本文运用CT技术反演地壳面波品质因数Q值空间分布,采用在医学上X—CT技术中的卷积反投影方法,引用 Radon 变换反演和图像重建方法来拟合地壳面波 Q 值的空间分布。由600次地震实际的2200条地震波射线的面波振幅、周期资料,进行实际地壳 Q 值反演,首先获得四川盆地附近:北纬26°—34°,东经103°—112°范围的面波 Q 值分布,作出该区 Q=210-255的等值线图,其平均 Q 值为225,在四川盆地中部面波 Q 值偏高,这可能与该盆地中部沉积物介质比较均匀,非弹性成分较少有关。然后以上述经纬度范围的四川盆地为基地,将面波扫描的方框分别向北、向南、向西、向东移动各2度,再做四次 Q 值成像,取其中间重迭部位,计算 Q 值的平均值及其残差,得每经纬度为半度的像素中观测误差的空间分布图。求得该范围的平均误差为8%。进一步将平面范围地震面波 Q 值成象扩大成球面上的投影成像:系将上述单框 Q 值图像沿经纬度方向各移动2度进行叠加,使若干个平面小单框复盖在预想的球面上的大区域上,除去边缘部分之外,在该范围的经纬度网上都叠加有一个以上的 Q 值数据,通过计算每个网点上的平均 Q 值及其标准误差的等值线,可获得球面上大范围的 Q 值成象图。得到了7×7框范围内的面波 Q 值分布图。本文探讨了 Q值成像在改进面波震级标度和解释地震震级的路径校正值以及为地震监测预报服务的研究前景。     

Silica‐rich layering at Blanche Point,South Australia

The chemistry and mineralogy of much of the Late Eocene Blanche Point Formation of South Australia show that biogenic and volcanogenic products were the only significant contributor to the sedimentary record. Intermittent volcanic activity followed by dissolution of the resultant silicic ash and small scale migration of silicon with reprecipitation as the oxide, provides the simplest and most likely explanation for the repetitive nature of the silicification. Seemingly, this was controlled by local silica concentrations which in turn were apparently controlled by the biota. Changes in circulation patterns and/or water depth may have initiated the environmental variations recorded in the formation.     

Digital spatial cracking behaviors of fine-grained sandstone with precracks under uniaxial compression

X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging and digital image correlation techniques are applied to study spatial cracking behaviors of sandstone under uniaxial compression, in which the angle between precracks is 45°, 90°, and 135° and the crack depth is 7.5 mm and 10 mm, respectively. Layered anisotropy damages and spatial cracking evolution are quantitatively analyzed by the defined digital layered anisotropy index and digital damage ratio, respectively. Three cases with different array of precracks evidence the depth effects of precracks on spatial crack propagation. Results show that the failure process of samples is first controlled by the coalescence of surface cracks in 2D space and then the samples are failed by the propagation of coalesced cracks (shear cracks with different shapes). The crack types for samples with precrack depth of 7.5 mm are all shear cracks for Cases 1‑3. Nevertheless, the crack types for samples with precrack depth of 10 mm are, respectively, the half X-shape crack for Case 1, X-shape crack for Case 2, and double shell crack for Case 3. The precrack has a significant promotion effect on the failure process when the angle between the two precracks is β = 90°, and the precrack has little to no effect on the failure process when the angle between the two precracks is β = 135°. As the depth of precrack increases to 10 mm, the crack types are changed in this study. The peak strength of sample subjected to uniaxial compression decreases with increasing depth of precracks, implying the decrease of the rock strength by the discontinuity.     

单轴压缩载荷作用下双裂隙扩展的CT扫描试验

由于精选后的陶瓷材料与岩石性质相似,因此选择陶瓷作为基本材料制作中部含2条圆币状裂隙的试件,进行单轴压缩荷载作用下的CT实时扫描试验,研究试件内双裂隙的扩展和损伤演化规律。采用3种不同区域划分方案,通过CT数、CT方差和CT图像的对比,分析上、下裂隙及岩桥区域不同的扩展状况。分析表明,上裂隙区域一直以压密为主,扩展很小,对试件破坏影响较小;下裂隙区域扩展剧烈,最终形成了宏观裂纹,对试件的破坏影响较大;当上下裂隙之间的中心距离等于4倍的裂隙半径时,裂隙的扩展过程将与裂隙自身参数有关,几乎看不出裂隙之间的相互作用。     

Numerical study of two‐phase fluid distributions in fractured porous media

Two‐phase fluid distributions in fractured porous media were studied using a single‐component multiphase (SCMP) lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), which was selected among three commonly used numerical approaches through a comparison against the available results of micro X‐ray computed tomography. The influence of the initial configuration and the periodic boundary conditions in the SCMP LBM for the fluid distribution analysis were investigated as well. It was revealed that regular porous media are sensitive to the initial distribution, whereas irregular porous media are insensitive. Moreover, to eliminate the influence of boundaries, the model's buffer size of an SCMP LBM simulation was suggested to be taken as approximately 12.5 times the average particle size. Then, the two‐phase fluid distribution of a porous medium was numerically studied using the SCMP LBM. Both detailed distribution patterns and macroscopic morphology parameters were reasonably well captured. Finally, the two‐phase fluid distributions in a fractured porous media were investigated. The influence of the degree of saturation, fracture length, and fracture width on the fluid distributions and migration was explored. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

岩石非均匀性对超声衰减的影响及其修正

在充分考虑了岩石的非均匀性引起的Rayleigh散射对衰减测量值的影响后，通过有关理论和计算，将岩石的本征衰减和散射加以区分，对原先以均匀介质为基本假定的频谱比法进行了修正，改进后的频谱比法可在较宽的频率范围内进行Q值计算，避免了传统频谱比法在不同频段上得出不同的Q值的不确定性问题，同时，我们还引进并改进了频率移动法，我们将传统和改进的频谱比法，以及频率移动法应用于同一套实验数据，计算结果符合较好。