鄂尔多斯盆地南部上三叠统延长组物源分析及热演化

本文以鄂尔多斯盆地南部旬邑地区上三叠统延长组为例系统研究了其物源区属性及热演化。采用碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS定年的方法,通过分析砂岩样品中碎屑锆石U-Pb的年龄结构及组成,明确了其物源区属性。研究表明:长7碎屑锆石存在225～264 Ma、276～408 Ma、413～458 Ma、727～851 Ma、1249～1749 Ma和1868～2469 Ma 6个年龄区间,分别对应于印支期、海西期、加里东晚期、Rodinia超大陆裂解、晋宁运动早中期和古元古代的构造热事件,研究区物源复杂,主要来自于北秦岭西段、秦祁造山带、西秦岭、祁连造山带东段及天山—兴蒙造山带,阿拉善地块和盆地北部山区也可能为本区提供物源,古水流分析表明研究区的物源方向为近南部。通过磷灰石裂变径迹年龄分析及热史模拟,明确了研究区在100 Ma左右的早白垩世经历了重要的构造热事件,是油气藏形成的重要时期。自此以后,又经历了4次比较明显的热演化,100～43 Ma为缓慢抬升阶段,进入部分退火,冷却速率大概在0.44℃/Ma,43～36 Ma为一快速抬升阶段,冷却速率达到4.3℃/Ma,36～24 Ma为又一期的缓慢抬升,冷却速率在0.52℃/Ma左右,从24～17 Ma样品又经历了一次快速的抬升过程,冷却速率在1.5℃/Ma左右。研究区43 Ma以来的抬升剥蚀明显受到印度板块与亚欧板块碰撞的影响。     

东油田北坡馆陶组河流相砂岩沉积微相研究

本文以济阳坳陷埕东油田北坡馆陶组河流相砂岩为例,详细阐述了河流相砂体的沉积微相研究方法,将研究区内的河流相砂体划分为曲流河、网状河和辫状河三种沉积相,并进一步划分为七类主要的沉积微相。通过单井剖面和井间剖面对比分析,结合地震资料的精细解释,编制了研究区内不同砂层组沉积时期沉积微相平面展布图。     

Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy of the Mobarak Formation (Lower Carboniferous) in Kiyasar Area,SE Sari,Northern Iran

The Mobarak Formation is near the town of Kiyasar in the south-east of Sari city, northern Iran. This formation conformably overlies the Geirud Formation (Upper Devonian). The lower part of the Mobarak Formation consisting of shales and thin- to medium-bedded limestone toward the top of these sequences changes into alternations of dark limestone and interbedded gray to black shales. Weathered yellow thick-bedded shales are observed at the top of the section. This formation is covered unconformably by sandstones attributed to the Dorud Formation (Lower Permian). The thickness of the formation in this region is 250 m. Four rock units have been recognized in this section. Foraminiferal biostratigraphy shows that the age of the Mobarak Formation in the Kiaysar region ranges from Lower Tournaisian to Early Middle Visean. The foraminifer Zones FAZ1 and FAZ2 are correlated with the Lower Tournaisian and Upper Tournaisian, whereas Zones FAZ3 and FAZ4 correlate with the Visean. Affinities exist between specimens recorded in the Kiyasar section with species known from other regions in eastern and Central Alborz, but there are important differences in their appearance.     

内蒙古阿鲁科尔沁旗陶海营子剖面林西组地球化学特征及其对物源-构造背景的制约

大兴安岭中南段上二叠统林西组发育厚层的暗色泥页岩,是区域上重要的上古生界生烃层系之一。阿鲁科尔沁旗陶海营子剖面是林西组的典型剖面之一,本文以该剖面为研究对象,对取自该剖面林西组的10件砂、泥岩样品进行主量元素、微量元素和稀土元素测试分析。剖面样品元素分析和物源判别函数（F₁-F₂）、Ni-TiO₂、La/Th-Hf图解判别结果表明,陶海营子剖面林西组沉积物来源多样,主要来源于上地壳长英质火成物源区和石英岩沉积物源区,还有少量来自中、基性岩火成物源区。剖面样品微量元素PAAS（后太古庙澳大利亚页岩）标准化蛛网图、稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式图、K₂O/Na₂O-SiO₂、Zr/Th、TiO₂-（TFe₂O₃+MgO）图解、物源构造背景判别函数（F₁-F₂）''的分析判别和剖面样品与不同构造环境砂岩地球化学参数对比结果表明,陶海营子剖面林西组物源构造背景具有被动大陆边缘、活动大陆边缘和大陆岛弧特征,构造背景较复杂。综合分析可知,陶海营子剖面林西组物源主要为被动大陆边缘背景下的火成岩、石英质沉积岩,以及活动大陆边缘和大陆岛弧背景下的火成岩。结合前人相关研究成果,推测兴蒙造山带内伸展作用背景下的晚石炭世-二叠纪岩浆型被动陆缘沉积建造和与俯冲背景有关的古生代弧岩浆岩应该是陶海营子剖面林西组的主要物源。     

Quantitative evaluation of the biostratigraphic distribution of acanthomorphic acritarchs in the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation in the Yangtze Gorges area, South China

Doushantuo acanthomorphic acritarchs are large morphologically complex organic-walled microfossils broadly constrained between the 635 Ma Nantuo glaciation and the 551 Ma Miaohe Biota. They are potential biostratigraphic tools for subdivision and correlation of the Ediacaran System in South China. However, major variations in sedimentary facies and stratigraphic thickness present challenges in understanding the spatial and temporal distribution of these acritarchs. Further, the distribution of acritarchs in the Doushantuo Formation is associated with the presence of early diagenetic chert and phosphate, implying a certain degree of preservational bias and/or environmental control. The purpose of this paper is to document the stratigraphic distribution of Doushantuo acritarchs and to quantitatively evaluate their biostratigraphic significance and possible taphonomic–environmental biases, based on high-resolution paleontological data from six sections over 100 km in the Yangtze Gorges area, South China.A total of 1082 acritarch fossils were recorded from 84 chert horizons in the six sections of the study area. These chert horizons are not uniformly distributed throughout the Doushantuo Formation, thus the presence/absence of early diagenetic chert does play a role in controlling the distribution of acritarchs. The sampled chert horizons can be grouped into two stratigraphic intervals in the lower and upper Doushantuo Formation, respectively, based on regional stratigraphic correlation. Quantitative analysis shows that the two intervals are distinct taxonomically and largely independent of taphonomic or facies controls. Thus, the two intervals can be regarded as assemblage biozones. The lower biozone (biozone 1) is numerically dominated by Tianzhushania spinosa (n = 587; 68.3%) and Meghystrichosphaeridium magnificum (n = 74; 8.6%), whereas the upper biozone (biozone 2) is dominated by Ericiasphaera rigida (n = 104; 47.1%) and Tianzhushania spinosa (n = 34; 14.1%). The three most common genera, Meghystrichosphaeridium, Tianzhushania, and Ericiasphaera, have been identified in all sections. Correspondence analysis (CA), detrended correspondence analysis (DCA), discriminant analysis (DA), and pairwise comparisons of samples (Spearman rank coefficient and Jaccard–Chao index), all consistently support biostratigraphic zonations. Thus, the distribution of the Doushantuo acanthomorphs is primarily controlled by biostratigraphic position of samples, with facies and taphonomic differences playing a secondary role. Our case study suggests that acanthomorphic acritarchs can offer a viable tool for regional correlation of the Ediacaran System.     

断陷湖盆浅水三角洲沉积特征:以Muglad盆地Unity凹陷Aradeiba组为例

浅水三角洲是沉积学和油气勘探开发领域的热点,目前研究主要集中在大型坳陷型盆地内,部分学者研究证明在断陷湖盆萎缩期或裂陷初期也存在浅水三角洲沉积,但研究较为薄弱.本文利用岩心、测井、地震以及分析化验资料,对Muglad盆地研究区内Aradeiba组浅水三角洲的沉积有利条件、沉积特征以及垂向演化特征进行了深入剖析,结合湖平...     

Geochemistry and Depositional Setting of Fort Munro Formation, Middle and Lower Indus Basins, Pakistan

INTRODUCTION Theinteractionofcomplextectonicphasesinthe IndusbasinduringtheCretaceoushasimpartedascal lopedoutlineinthesedimentarysequences.Thedevel opmentofdiversifiedsedimentaryformationsduringthe Cretaceousensuresexcellentsources(SembarandGoru formations)andreservoirs(MoghalKotandPabfor mations)forhydrocarbons.Numerousplaysandpros pectsofhydrocarbonareassociatedwiththeCretaceous system,consequentlytheIndusbasinisattractiveto petroleumexplorationcompaniesinPakistan(Sheikh andNa…     

川东南丁山地区龙马溪组页岩裂缝特征及对含气性的影响

川东南丁山地区是近年来四川盆地页岩气勘探开发的热点区域,裂缝的发育对页岩含气性及保存条件有重要的影响。综合运用野外露头、岩心、测井资料,结合岩石脆性矿物含量、岩石力学参数等数据,深入分析龙马溪组页岩裂缝发育特征和控制因素,并探讨了裂缝发育对含气性的影响。结果表明,丁山地区龙马溪组页岩裂缝主要以构造成因的剪切缝为主,裂缝优势方位共6组,主要包括4组平面剪切缝和2组剖面剪切缝,其发育主要受2个方向、3个阶段的构造应力场影响而成;裂缝延伸稳定,平均密度小,宽度小,充填程度高,主要被方解石和黄铁矿等充填。裂缝受控因素主要包括古构造应力场、构造部位、脆性矿物组分、岩石力学性质等;断层对裂缝发育具有明显的控制作用,其中断层两盘均存在裂缝发育程度急剧下降的临界范围,临界范围内裂缝发育程度高,超过此临界范围,裂缝发育程度变差且变化趋于平缓;不同期次的裂缝中,形成时间晚、规模过大、充填程度不高、与现今地应力方向一致或呈低角度相交的裂缝易造成页岩气的散失,对提高页岩含气性不利;龙马溪组岩石脆性矿物含量高,脆性指数属中等偏上程度,有利于构造缝发育且可压性较好。随着距齐岳山断裂距离的适当增加,龙马溪组页岩埋藏深度适中,地层压力增大,抗压强度增强高,脆性指数适中,构造保存条件变好,有利于不同方位的裂缝发育和页岩含气量的增加,位于该区域的DY2井与DY4井均位于该有利区域,含气性良好。研究结果对下一步深化页岩气勘探开发具有重要指导作用。     

歧口凹陷古近纪东营期古物源体系重建与应用

以沉积盆地分析、层序地层研究和油气勘探实践中急待解决的古物源体系分析为切入点, 以歧口凹陷东营组研究为例, 阐述了古物源体系研究的途径、方法与技术路线; 初步总结出应用轻-重矿物时空配置关系、地震前积反射结构特征、古地貌恢复与沟谷展布特征、盆地内部骨架砂体形态与时空配置以及盆地边缘及内部层序界面上大型下切谷的空间展布特征, 即“五位合一”法来判断沉积盆地的古物源体系.该分析方法可为同领域的研究提供借鉴作用.      

叠层石中的海绿石化和黄铁矿化:以天津蓟县中元古界铁岭组为例*

作为微生物碳酸盐岩的主要类型之一,叠层石是微生物席的主要建造物已成为共识。天津蓟县中元古界铁岭组二段叠层石生物礁灰岩发育,其中的细粒叠层石被前人解释为微生物席捕获碳酸盐泥的微生物建造物,使得其既不同于现代叠层石,也不同于显生宙尤其是寒武纪的叠层石。更为特殊的是,这些叠层石中的海绿石和黄铁矿代表着2种特殊的矿化作用,其中研究区普遍产出的黄铁矿,作为硫酸盐还原细菌的产物,是了解古代微生物的窗口;而发育在高能浅海的海绿石,产出环境不同于现代海绿石,不能作为慢速沉积环境的指示矿物,亦不具有沉积间断的地质意义。2种矿化作用表明铁岭组叠层石是由沉淀作用而非捕获碳酸盐泥形成,这为了解中元古代叠层石的形成和特征提供了一些有益的线索。