观音岩水电站混合坝接头结构形式研究

将无厚度接触摩擦单元,引入观音岩混合坝接头的堆石体与混凝土挡墙之间的接触面力学行为进行模拟。采用Ducan双曲线E-B模型模拟堆石体及心墙的本构关系,考虑堆石坝的实际填筑施工过程和水库蓄水过程,对接头处的结构形式进行了接触面坡度变化和水平面上转角变化的敏感性分析,以揭示竣工期和运行期不同接头结构形式接触面上的法向应力、接触状态和可能发生水力劈裂的范围,推荐最优的接头结构方案。大坝连接坝段的三维非线性仿真分析结果表明,心墙接触面上的法向正应力均为压应力,接触面坡度越陡,接触面法向压应力越小;混凝土挡墙向上游转动的转角越大,法向压应力越大。综合来看,插入式方案4的接头部位的综合防渗性能最好,因此推荐该方案为混合坝接头的结构设计方案。     

第四系深厚洪积物内成洞条件工程地质研究

经过对不同时期洪积物的成因、物质组成、结构、构造等的分析,以及对第一期洪积物内能否成洞的试验性模拟开挖、观察、分析,并在大量室内外物理力学性质试验的基础上,分析、量化出洪积物内成洞工程地质特性参数。在精心设计和施工下,深厚洪积物内开挖大跨度洞室顺利成功。     

向家坝进水口高边坡系统锚杆受力状况研究

向家坝水电站进水口高边坡地质条件较好,坡形较合理,设计拟采用系统锚杆对其进行加固。由于系统锚杆作用的被动性和边坡岩体变形的非均匀性,使得不同位置的锚件的应力出现较大的差别。利用有三维弹黏塑性有限单元法对向家坝进水口边坡中系统锚杆的受力状况进行了模拟和分析,从计算结果可以清晰地看出：边坡岩体不同部位的锚杆受力与被锚岩体的位移变形有一定的关系,而且设计采用的逐步开挖逐步锚固的施工步骤,使得先期锚入的锚杆受力随着后期开挖锚固的进行而逐渐加大。其计算结果为优化设计提供了依据。     

金沙江鲁地拉电站水库区地质灾害易发性评价

西南高山峡谷区是地质灾害高易发区,通过对典型流域段地质灾害的分析研究,能更好地掌握金沙江流域地质灾害的分布规律。本文以鲁地拉电站库区为例,根据野外地质灾害调查分析结果,采用Logistic回归模型和GIS空间分析方法,评价各致灾因子的作用,经过遴选最终选取地表径流冲蚀强度、工程地质岩组、河谷形态、坡度、坡向5个与地质灾害相关性强的因子,进行地质灾害易发性分析,结果表明库区地质灾害易发性程度很高,高易发区占41%,主要集中在库首段及朵美附近,评价结果很好地反映了库区段地质灾害的现状,为有效防治库区地质灾害及后期库区灾害监测提供了科学依据。     

青龙水电站厂房地基工程地质评价

通过对开挖揭示厂房地基所进行的物理力学性试验及建基面承载力检测成果,对厂房主机间地基进行了工程地质分析评价,提出了对局部受开挖影响区加强处理的地质建议。在此基础上,通过处理后检验评价,说明加强处理是合理可靠的。     

双江口水电站地应力特征及岩爆成因分析与防治建议

在西南山区,受新构造运动影响,部分岩体中地应力较高,因此在地下洞室开挖过程中经常遇到岩爆现象。本文在双江口水电站前期勘测资料的基础上,结合筹建期开挖1#导流洞岩爆发生的规律,经过统计分析,总结了双江口水电站地应力分布特征及岩爆成因,提出了防治建议。     

Delta13C and delta15N shifts in benthic invertebrates exposed to sewage from McMurdo Station, Antarctica

In an effort to identify biomonitors for contamination of Antarctic marine benthos by sewage, this study determines whether the US Antarctic Program’s McMurdo Station produces a benthic sewage footprint and whether resident megafauna are assimilating sewage-derived material. We identified strong C and N isotopic gradients in benthic sediment as a function of downstream distance from McMurdo Station’s point-source sewage addition. Sediment C and N isotope ratios approached marine background levels at the sampling end-point 612 m downcurrent. Based on isotope abundances in their tissues, at least some sewage C and N were assimilated by the sedentary, suspension feeding soft coral Alcyonium antarcticum, ascidian Cnemidocarpa verrucosa and bivalve Laternula elliptica. However, as inferred by tissue-sediment differences in downstream isotope trends, such assimilation was not in proportion to sewage exposure and input, therefore implying non-generalist feeding behavior by these species. In contrast, the motile, generalist feeding sea urchin Sterechinus neumayeri, sea star Odontaster validus and ribbon worm Parborlasia corrugatus showed isotopic evidence of sewage C and N assimilation roughly in proportion to sewage input. We recommend these generalist feeders for further use as biomonitors at this site now that sewage treatment has been implemented. As these species are circumpolar in distribution, they may also prove useful elsewhere in the Antarctic.     

Short-term Climate Characteristics at Ny-lesund over the Arctic Tundra Area

Based on the Germany Koldwey Station's 1994-2003 conventional ob-servation hourly data,this paper conducts a statistical analysis on the short-termclimate characteristics for an arctic tundra region(Ny-lesund island)where ourfirst arctic expedition station(Huanghe Station)was located.Affected by theNorth Atlantic warming current,this area has a humid temperate climate,andthe air temperature at Ny-lesund rose above 0℃ even during deep winter sea-son during our research period.The wind speed in this area was low and appearedmost at southeast direction.We find that the temperature at Ny-lesund rose inthe faster rate(0.68℃/10 a)than those at the whole Arctic area.Comparedwith the floating ices where our expedition conducted in the Arctic,Ny-lesundwas warmer and more humid and had lower wind speed.Comparison of the nearsurface air temperature derived by NCEP/NCAR reanalysis to the conventionalmeasurements conducted at the Koldwey site in Ny-lesund area shows a good a-greement for winter season and a significant difference for summer season.     

大渡河巴拉水电站坝区外围日部断裂活动性研究

研究表明：断层通过处无动态构造地貌发育,断裂构造中的石英颗粒形态以深度溶蚀的桔皮状-苔藓状为主,认为日部断裂不具活动性。     

泰山玉的矿物岩石学特征

采用电子探针、粉晶X射线衍射、化学分析和傅里叶变换红外光谱等方法对泰山玉进行了测试,系统论述了山东泰山玉的颜色分类、矿物组成、化学成分、微量元素特征、结构和构造类型及物理性质。泰山玉分为3种类型:泰山碧玉、泰山墨玉及泰山花斑玉。泰山玉主要由叶蛇纹石组成,杂质矿物有磁铁矿、碳酸盐、滑石、绿泥石、斜方辉石、云母、黄铁矿、褐铁矿、硫镍矿等。泰山玉中的矿物生成顺序为片状蛇纹石→脉状蛇纹石→滑石→脉状碳酸盐。泰山碧玉和花斑玉由Fe²⁺致色,而泰山墨玉由微粒磁铁矿致色。与辽宁岫玉的区别在于泰山玉中Cr、Ni元素的含量很高。