南水北调西线隧道中隐伏断层超前预报研究

南水北调调西线工程线路地层倾角陡、沟谷纵横、地质构造复杂、隧道长,埋深大,同时要对1000 m以内的构造、岩溶、岩层划分等进行地质超前预报,利用以往的超前预报方法无法满足工程施工的要求.对于深长埋隧道断层的施工地质超前预报,本文使用CSAMT法探测技术,并进行了近场校正、各向异性校正、静态校正、分辨能力校正和联合反演等手段,进行了实际探测和对比分析,并取得了较好的探测效果.     

兰州城区TSP高浓度污染与自然降尘的关系

从宁夏到甘肃中部有一个自北向南的少雨“干舌”,在垂直速度场上形成一个从河西东部向南伸下来的下沉运动区,冬季下沉运动区大而强烈,有利于空气中的沙尘下沉堆积。经分析,兰州城区自然降尘量占年降尘量的54%。随着沙尘暴、扬沙和浮尘天气的出现,自然降尘量由1月份的32%增大到5月份的60%;按春、夏、秋、冬四季划分,城区TSP浓度中自然降尘量各占58%、33%、28%和32%。全年中11月城郊浓度差值最大0.59 mg·m-3,其主要原因是11月刚进入采暖期,除原有工业源外,又增加了采暖锅炉和生活小炉灶,TSP排放量增大,加之该月风速最小、天气过程少,是兰州市出现严重污染的主要原因。     

1987-2002年辽宁中部城市群大气污染物变化特征分析

根据1987—2002年辽宁中部城市群(沈阳、鞍山、本溪、抚顺、辽阳)的主要大气污染物(TSP、PM10、SO2、NOx)的现状监测值,分析了辽宁中部城市群大气污染的现状及污染程度。结果表明：城市群的主要大气污染是TSP、PM10和SO2;冬季是城市群大气污染最严重的季节,夏季大气污染最轻;5个城市16年来TSP、PM10和SO2呈逐年下降趋势,NOx的年际变化趋势不明显;城市群大气污染最严重的城市是本溪,其次是鞍山、沈阳、抚顺、辽阳。     

包头市2011年春季TSP和PM10的污染特征分析

利用包头市2011年春季TSP和PM10的逐时监测数据,对二者的浓度变化及二者之间的相关性进行分析,结果表明：包头市2011年春季空气中颗粒物污染较重,沙尘天气是影响环境质量并造成大气污染的一个主要来源。在TSP含量中,PM10占主要地位,但仍有其他颗粒成分影响其总体组成。TSP和PM10呈线性相关,在沙尘灭气过程中,二者相关性更为显著。     

TSP203系统及其在国防工程中的应用

介绍了TSP203超前地质预报系统的组成、性能以及工作原理与方法,结合当前国防隧道工程的施工实际,浅谈了其在国防工程中的应用前景。     

Trends in fog frequencies in the Los Angeles Basin

Data from throughout the Los Angeles area were examined to determine the horizontal distribution of dense fog (visibility < 400 m) in the region and trends over time. The relationship between the occurrence of dense fog to the phase of two atmosphere–ocean cycles: the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) measured by the PDO Index and the Southern Oscillation measured by the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) was investigated. In addition, the influence of the urban heat island and the amount of suspended particulate matter were assessed. For the three stations that had 22 or more years of data, we examined trends and the relation to atmosphere–ocean cycles. Results show a decrease in the occurrence of very low visibilities (< 400 m) at the stations in close proximity to the Pacific Ocean, Los Angeles International Airport (LAX) and Long Beach International Airport (LGB). Occurrence of the frequency of low visibilities at these two locations was also highly correlated with the phase of the PDO. Only a weak, non-statistically significant relationship was seen with the SOI. At Burbank, a reporting station about 30 km from the ocean, no trends were noted, and there was no evidence of a correlation with either the PDO Index or the SOI. In the Los Angeles Central Business District (CBD) when comparing dense fog occurrence in the early 1960s to a similar period in the early 2000s we saw a decrease in dense fog from a mean of 10 h per year to a mean of 3 h per year. Also contributing to the decrease was decreasing particulate pollution and increased urban warming. A downward trend in particulate concentrations coupled with an upward trend in urban temperatures were associated with a decrease in dense fog occurrence at both LAX and LGB. These trends were evident for the period 1966–1997, but appear to have ended by the late 1990s.     

TSP203在某公路隧道地质超前预报中的综合应用

以沪蓉西高速公路某隧道为例,分析了隧道的工程地质条件与隧洞稳定性的关系,并介绍了TSP203 现场测试、解译的过程和方法.     

页岩发育区浅埋隧道超前地质预报方法研究

以页岩的不良工程性质和围岩分级依据为基础,探讨公路隧道页岩浅埋段的超前地质预报方法的优化组合.通过比较国内外现有的各种超前地质预报方法的优缺点,提出了以TSP法和双频激电法为主、根据工程项目的等级适当考虑采用探地雷达作为补充的一套组合方案.而在某些特别复杂地段建议采用水平钻探加以验证.应用这套方案在常（德）—张（家界）高速公路第十合同段的关口垭隧道进行了一次科研试验,对预报结果进行详细的处理和分析后,给施工单位提出了相应的施工建议.后期的跟踪调查结果表明,试验成果与实际情况基本吻合,给予了施工正确的指导,达到了试验目的.     

PRELIMINARY STUDY OF VARIATION OF SO2 AND AEROSOL PARTICLE BACKGROUND CONCENTRATIONS IN THE EASTERN CHINA

The average concentrations of sulphur dioxide,sulfate aerosol and TSP were about 8-10 ppb,15.08 μg m^-3,and 241.40 μg m^-3 respectively,which were measured at the Lin'an regional background station during August-November,1991.The higher concentrations of SO₂ and SO₄^2- maybe acidify the rainfall.It has a great influence upon the human health and ecosystem.The simulated results indicate that the distributions of SO₂ and SO₄^2- were determined by local emission sources.Average aerosol particle number density was 2.0×10⁴ cm^-3.It shows that social development and human activities strongly affect the atmospheric background level.     

塔里木盆地区域沙尘气溶胶特征分析

沙尘天气是塔里木盆地区常见的天气现象，对大气沙尘气溶胶的分析表明，沙尘暴期间，沙尘气溶胶浓度远大于非尘暴期间。对策勒和阿克苏两地的比较分析表明，由于两地地理环境的差异，沙尘暴期间，策勒站细颗粒质量百分比呈下降趋势；阿克苏站细颗粒质量百分比呈上升趋势，说明尘暴间由于当地沙尘源丰富，细粒物质较多，细粒物质迅速被携带于高空，成为沙尘气溶胶的主要来源。阿克苏站大气气溶胶颗粒主要来源于地表沙源。富集因子分析表明，阿克苏站和策勒站沙尘暴和扬尘天气的各地壳元素含量均高于浮尘和背景大气，而且能见度能见度愈小，高出的比例愈大；各种沙尘天气发生时，均以亲地元素的浓度为最高。