地下工程多层TIN面片与形变测量数据融合模型的构建及可视化研究

利用地下工程监测数据的空间特性,对离散监测点和等高线采样点进行混合建模,采用带约束条件的点缓冲及填充算法分析实现了地形图与地表常规形变监测数据的结合,并自编程序实现了地下工程多层空间(不规则三角形网面即TIN面片)的可视化,揭示地形图与地表常规离散点形变监测数据之间的关系和隐藏在相应数据背后的信息.同时,探讨了应用多层TIN面片和其他背景图层的混合空间3维建模.     

基于MapObjects的地下水位等值线生成的算法

结合临沂市地下水资源观测资料及特点,研究地下水位等值线生成算法,尝试在GIS组件——MapObjects环境下,采用不规则三角网绘制等值线的方法在MapObjects图层上生成地下水位等值线。结果表明,在MapObjects图层上绘制的等值线准确、美观,而且满足用户对等值线动态绘制的需求,应用前景广阔。     

基于多层DEM建立小比例尺三维地质模型的方法——以山东省滨州市沿海地区为例

在钻孔数据较少时,为提高小比例尺三维地质模型的精度,利用GMS软件根据多层DEM建立模型。该文通过分析实际条件下地层分布特点,提出了不同数据精度下DEM相交计算的原则。将修改后的DEM导入原模型中,再次插值形成三维地质模型。利用GMS软件得到的三维地质模型,具有可查询,可任意角度任意位置切割剖面的功能。     

基于TIN的面要素聚合优化算法

针对TIN三角网在实现地图面要素聚合过程中效率低下的问题,提出了一种基于TIN面要素聚合的优化方法。首先,利用格网的方法聚类面要素,缩小TIN搜索范围;然后,在聚类的基础上进行TIN三角网的构建实现面要素的综合;最后,实验验证了综合结果,并通过对比证明了算法的效率。     

一种线框矢量模型表示的地质体折面剖切方法

线框模型是三维计算机图形学中重要的物体可视化表示模型,在矿山勘查软件中得到广泛的应用.该模型主要用于描述、管理复杂三维地质体.本文提出一种基于线框模型表达的地质体的折面剖切方法.本算法首先建立剖切模型;其次,计算折面剖切面与地质体之间的交线并求得其切割剖面;第三,分割原始线框模型地质体;第四,对分割后的线框模型进行模型...     

基于三维TIN的非地面点云剔除方法研究

三维激光扫描仪对地面进行扫描时,会产生很多非地面点,即噪声点,对后续研究带来很多不便.针对这一问题,提出两种基于三维TIN的非地面点云剔除方法,分别是根据判断相邻三角形法向量的夹角以及构建局部平面的方法,介绍两种剔除方法的原理及实现过程,以拟合局部平面的方法进行实例分析,得出剔除结果.     

Development of a hybrid model for three-dimensional GIS

This paper presents a hybrid model for three-dimensional Geographical Information Systems which is an integration of surface- and volume-based models. The Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) and octree models are integrated in this hybrid models. The TIN model works as a surface-based model which mainly serves for surface presentation and visualization. On the other hand, the octree encoding supports volumetric analysis. The designed data structure brings a major advantage in the three-dimensional selective retrieval. This technique increases the efficiency of three-dimensional data operation.     

地形平坦地区DEM生成算法的比较研究

数字高程模型(DEM)是GIS的基础数据之一,是许多涉及高程信息的空间分析的重要基础。DEM插值精度的好坏直接影响基于DEM的各种地学分析及应用,因此研究高精度的DEM插值算法具有重要意义。介绍了基于水文强化算法的DEM插值算法——ANUDEM,并与传统的TIN建立DEM的算法进行了比较。认为在地形复杂地区由于等高线密集,高程信息丰富,两种插值算法效果都比较好;而在地形平坦地区ANUDEM算法精度优于TINDEM,并且,ANUDEM得到的DEM很好地避免了平山顶、阶梯状地形,其派生的等高线和水系与原始数据更加吻合。相对于TINDEM算法,ANUDEM算法更适合地形平坦地区的DEM建立。     

An integrated TIN and Grid method for constructing multi‐resolution digital terrain models

Multi‐resolution terrain models are an efficient approach to improve the speed of three‐dimensional (3D) visualizations, especially for terrain visualization in Geographical Information Systems (GIS). As a further development to existing algorithms and models, a new model is proposed for the construction of multi‐resolution terrain models in a 3D GIS. The new model represents multi‐resolution terrains using two major methods for terrain representation: Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) and regular grid (Grid). In this paper, first, the concepts and formal definitions of the new model are presented. Second, the methodology for constructing multi‐resolution terrain models based on the new model is proposed. Third, the error of multi‐resolution terrain models is analysed, and a set of rules is proposed to retain the important features (e.g. boundaries of man‐made objects) within the multi‐resolution terrain models. Finally, several experiments are undertaken to test the performance of the new model. The experimental results demonstrate that the new model can be applied to construct multi‐resolution terrain models with good performance in terms of time cost and maintenance of the important features. Furthermore, a comparison with previous algorithms/models shows that the speed of rendering for 3D walking/flying through has been greatly improved by applying the new model.     

Change detection for 3D vector data: a CGA-based Delaunay–TIN intersection approach

In this paper, conformal geometric algebra (CGA) is introduced to construct a Delaunay–Triangulated Irregular Network (DTIN) intersection for change detection with 3D vector data. A multivector-based representation model is first constructed to unify the representation and organization of the multidimensional objects of DTIN. The intersection relations between DTINs are obtained using the meet operator with a sphere-tree index. The change of area/volume between objects at different times can then be extracted by topological reconstruction. This method has been tested with the Antarctica ice change simulation data. The characteristics and efficiency of our method are compared with those of the Möller method as well as those from the Guigue–Devillers method. The comparison shows that this new method produces five times less redundant segments for DTIN intersection. The computational complexity of the new method is comparable to Möller’s and that of Guigue–Devillers methods. In addition, our method can be easily implemented in a parallel computation environment as shown in our case study. The new method not only realizes the unified expression of multidimensional objects with DTIN but also achieves the unification of geometry and topology in change detection. Our method can also serve as an effective candidate method for universal vector data change detection.