柴达木盆地1:50 000尕海镇幅水文地质图数据集

尕海镇幅位于柴达木盆地东北缘的巴音河山前平原,是1：50 000国际标准图幅。其水文地质图是根据中国地质调查局组织编制并即将颁布实施的《水文地质图编制规范（1：50 000）》的基本要求,结合区内发展建设的需求,利用2016年1：50 000水文地质调查最新获取的尕海镇幅钻孔抽水试验成果数据（本次施工以及收集已有钻孔资料共48个钻孔）,水化学（61个水样）、同位素（12个同位素样）和土壤易溶盐（55个土样）分析成果数据,地下水位统测成果数据（68个统测点）,以及已有资料与成果数据编制而成。编图以地下水系统理论和生态水文地质理论为指导,按地下水系统、水文地质结构、含水岩组及富水性、地下水补给-径流-排泄条件、地下水化学特征、地下水水位埋深与流场、地下水与生态植被关系、地下水开发利用等分类加工处理数据形成水文地质图数据集,使大量的信息在图面上以主图结合镶图的形式主次分明、层次清晰地加以展现,以便为当地水资源开发利用和生态环境保护提供直观易用的地下水资料支撑。     

塔里木盆地岩石层热结构特征

在大地热流密度分布的基础上，研究了塔里木盆地中库尔勒－若羌和阿克苏－叶城两条剖面岩石层热结构特征．由岩石层Ｐ波速度分布转换成生热率剖面，用二维数值模型获得了岩石层热结构和热状态特征．结果表明，塔里木盆地壳幔边界温度的高低与其埋深密切相关．居里等温面深度大，地幔热流密度较低．岩石层厚度变化与其新生代期间挠曲过程密切相关．在岩石层温度分布基础上，确定了深部脆－韧性过渡带深度和岩石层屈服强度，表明塔里木盆地岩石层相对较冷，且具有刚性的地球动力学特征．     

松辽盆地东北缘白垩系砂岩型铀矿成矿条件与找矿方向

通过松辽盆地东北缘蚀源区铀源条件、中生代构造演化、白垩系沉积建造研究,结合石油部门地震连井剖面等资料,综合分析了松辽盆地东北部砂岩型铀矿的成矿条件研究,认为盆缘的富铀花岗岩体提供了丰富的铀源,中生代后期反转构造形成的剥蚀天窗为含铀含氧水的渗入渗出提供了通道.研究结果显示,松辽盆地东北部绥棱地区为最有利的砂岩型铀矿找矿部位,主要找矿目标层为上白垩统泉头组兼顾浅部姚家组,找矿类型为层间氧化带型.     

西昆仑-塔西南坳陷晚古生代以来的沉积构造演化

自柯克亚深层油气勘探取得突破以来,塔西南坳陷一直受到各类地质学家的广泛关注,有关该盆地的形成和演化历史及其油气资源评价近年来更是成为人们的研究热点.本文在总结前人资料的基础上,探讨塔西南和西昆仑地区自晚古生代以来所经历的构造及沉积格架的演变过程,对塔西南坳陷性质及其演化阶段划分所存在的争议进行了归纳,分析了塔西南-西昆仑这一盆山体系形成和演化中的构造变形和沉积记录.总体来说,根据现有沉积和构造变形资料,中生代之前西昆仑和塔西南坳陷分别处于同一构造背景下的不同沉积单元;二者之间盆山体系的形成主要自晚侏罗世-早白垩世,中-上新世是造盆造山作用机制发生重大转折的时期,或者说早更新世末的构造运动基本上奠定了西昆仑.塔里木盆地南缘现今的盆-山构造格架.     

柴北缘鱼卡地区中侏罗统石门沟组含煤层段沉积有机相分析

柴达木盆地北缘鱼卡地区中侏罗统石门沟组含煤段中发育有油页岩、煤、碳质泥岩和泥岩等富有机质细粒沉积.为了研究其沉积有机相的类型及煤和油页岩形成的控制因素,本文通过岩心观察、工业分析结合有机地球化学测试分析等方法将含煤段细粒沉积物划分为了类型A(三角洲平原沉积环境)、B(三角洲前缘-浅湖沉积环境)、C1(湖沼非油页岩亚相)及C2(湖沼油页岩亚相)四种类型,其中类型C1沉积物中发育煤,类型C2中发育油页岩,且煤较油页岩具有更高的含油率、水分、挥发分以及发热量值.有机质类型特征方面,沉积有机相类型A、B及C1沉积物有机质类型均为Ⅱ2-Ⅲ型、有机质来源均以陆源和混合来源两种有机质来源为主,而类型C2中主要为Ⅱ2型,以混合有机质来源为主;类型A及C2其沉积物有机质均处于未成熟阶段,而类型B和C1中有机质均处于未成熟-低成熟阶段;有机质保存条件方面,类型A沉积物主要形成于缺氧的淡水环境,类型B主要形成于贫氧-缺氧的淡水-半咸水环境,类型C1形成于贫氧-缺氧的淡水-半咸水环境,而类型C2则主要形成于缺氧的淡水-半咸水环境.其中类型B较类型A,类型C2较类型C1,其沉积物均形成于更为还原且盐度更高的水体环境中.石门沟组含煤段是煤和油页岩的形成层位,稳定的沉积环境、丰富的湖泊有机质来源、良好的保存条件及较少的陆源碎屑的稀释共同促进了类型C2中油页岩的形成,而丰富的陆源植物供给及良好的保存条件则促进了类型C1中煤层的形成.     

内蒙古扎鲁特地区鲁D2井林西组烃源岩 有机地球化学特征

烃源岩生烃潜力的定量评价是研究盆地油气勘探潜力的重要手段.采用有机质丰度、类型、成熟度和沉积环境指标定量或定性评价了鲁D2井暗色泥岩的生烃潜力.有机碳定量评价表明,林西组泥岩为中等有机质丰度烃源岩.依据Pr/nC17、Ph/nC18散点图揭示林西组有机质类型以Ⅱ1型为主;伽玛蜡烷指数指示有机质形成于半咸水、还原环境,有利于有机质的保存.伊利石结晶度分析表明,烃源岩演化进入过成熟阶段.结果表明,扎鲁特盆地林西组泥岩为中等丰度、Ⅱ型干酪根、过成熟烃源岩,具有良好的页岩气勘探前景.     

Early Cretaceous palm pollen tetrads from Patagonia,Argentina

Pollen tetrads and monads of spiny pollen grains with close affinities to palms have been found in several localities from the Lower Cretaceous (Barremian-Albian) of the Austral Basin (Magallanes), Patagonia (Argentina). When found dispersed, spiny and zonasulcate pollen grains, are commonly referred to the fossil genus Spinizonocolpites Muller, with close affinities to the extant palm Nypa. The Patagonian specimens were compared with fossil and extant members of the Arecaceae, showing close similarities in shape and sculpture with the primitive members of the subfamily Calamoideae. Nypa produces tetragonal tetrads different from the tetrahedral tetrads of the Spinizonocolpites-type recovered from Patagonia. The specimens were studied with LM and SEM. The polarity, aperture orientation and tetrad type allow segregating the Patagonian grains from the Nypoideae and relating it to the Calamoideae subfamily. These records suggest an antique origin of monocots and a probably initial diversification of calamoid palms during the Early Cretaceous in high latitudes of Gondwana. The presence of palmae during the Early Cretaceous in southern South America suggests a warm and humid climate, similar to that found in present days at tropics.     

准噶尔盆地车莫古隆起内物源沉积体系探讨及勘探意义——以白垩系清水河组一段为例

为了探讨车莫古隆起对内物源沉积体系及油气成藏的控制作用,从车莫古隆起形成与演化入手,利用岩心、地震、测井等资料,多种方法结合恢复其剥蚀量、古地貌,提出车莫古隆起从中侏罗世到早白垩世发育,侏罗世末是其鼎盛时期,并提供内物源,控制围绕车莫古隆起周缘沉积体系和砂体展布,从岩心、地震特征、重矿物稳定系数、古水流指向、砂岩厚度等方面给出存在依据,合理解释了古隆起控制范围内已发现油藏的砂体成因。车莫古隆起发育和潜伏埋藏期控制古油气藏的形成与分布,掀斜后内物源砂体展布、断裂体系和现今构造共同控制着油气调整、运移及次生油气藏的分布,围绕车莫古隆起发育的内物源砂体尖灭方向与现今构造高部位指向垂直和斜交区域是岩性地层油气藏有利区。围绕内物源勘探刚开始,在此认识指导下部署的沙门1、莫17、夏盐11、夏盐12等井已获得突破,腹部岩性地层油气藏勘探将进入一个油气发现新阶段。     

“Basin scale” versus “localized” pore pressure/stress coupling - Implications for trap integrity evaluation

In petroleum industry, the difference between pore pressure (P_p) and minimum horizontal stress S_h (termed the seal or retention capacity) is of major consideration because it is often assumed to represent how close a system is to hydraulic failure and thus the maximum hydrocarbon column height that can be maintained. While S_h and P_p are often considered to be independent parameters, several studies in the last decade have demonstrated that S_h and P_p are in fact coupled. However, the nature of this coupling relationship remains poorly understood. In this paper, we explore the influences of the spatial pore pressure distribution on S_h/P_p coupling and then on failure pressure predictions and trap integrity evaluation. With analytical models, we predict the fluid pressure sustainable within a reservoir before failure of its overpressured shale cover. We verify our analytical predictions with experiments involving analogue materials and fluids. We show that hydraulic fracturing and seal breach occur for fluid pressure greater than it would be expected from conventional retention capacity. This can be explained by the impact of the fluid overpressure field in the overburden and the pressure diffusion around the reservoir on the principal stresses. We calculate that supralithostatic pressure could locally be reached in overpressured covers. We also define the retention capacity of a cover (RC) surrounding a fluid source or reservoir as the difference between the failure pressure and the fluid overpressure prevailing in shale at the same depth. In response to a localized fluid pressure rise, we show that the retention capacity does not only depend on the pore fluid overpressure of the overburden but also on the tensile strength of the cover, its Poisson’s ratio, and the depth and width of the fluid source.     

松辽盆地反转期的界定

松辽盆地的构造反转对油气生成、运移和聚集保存有明显的控制作用.以往的研究认为,松辽盆地晚期经历了嫩江组沉积末期、明水组沉积末期和古近纪的多期反转.通过对松辽盆地北部进行剖面与平面的构造演化分析,认为嫩江组沉积末期为南北向差异升降活动,未引起地层褶皱变形和构造格局的改变,该期形成了区域伸展不整合面;明水组沉积末期松辽盆地从区域拉张转为挤压,盆地表现为东西向缩短,构造格局发生了性质上的变化,形成了一系列反转构造,该期构造反转奠定了盆地现今的构造格局.构造物理模拟实验进一步证明,松辽盆地不同方向的反转构造带为明水组沉积末期形成的.