鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组富铀凝灰岩地球化学特征及形成机制

本文系统地研究了鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组凝灰岩元素和同位素地球化学特征。结果表明：凝灰岩主量元素具有高K、高Al、Si中等至高、低Na的特征; REE总体特征为轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损,∑REE在4857～40212 μg/g 之间变化,Eu呈现出负异常,在034～082内变化,δCe范围在080～208之间; 微量元素中U含量在312～144 μg/g 之间,Ba、U、Th、Hf和Ce呈明显正异常,Nb、P、Ti和Rb呈现负异常。详细的分析表明：U的富集和一些微量元素如Ta、Dy、Lu等相关,Th与∑REE存在明显的正相关性,这些变化可能和盆地中铀矿的富集有关; 凝灰岩的硫同位素总体呈现深源特征。根据以上的研究对凝灰岩的形成原因及形成环境进行了探讨。鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组凝灰岩来源于秦岭造山带火山作用,其中的铀元素富集是由于砂岩型铀矿中铀向凝灰岩迁移而被还原所致。本研究对盆地砂岩型铀矿的铀运移和富集机理认识具有一定指导意义。     

柴达木盆地东部地区石炭系泥页岩生烃条件及选区

柴达木盆地石炭系露头、钻井资料均揭示,其为海相沉积烃源岩,且石炭系泥页岩气展现出良好的勘探前景。对柴达木盆地东部石炭系泥页岩沉积环境、有机质丰度、类型和演化程度进行综合评价,利用野外露头、探井、地震、非震等资料证实了石炭系的残留及分布。研究认为,柴东地区石炭系泥页岩主要集中在上石炭统滨岸潮坪沉积的克鲁克组,发育炭质泥页岩、暗色泥岩2种烃源岩,有机碳均值为3.08%,有机质类型为Ⅱ-Ⅲ型,处于成熟-高成熟演化阶段,73%的样品达到中等-好烃源岩。平面上主要分布于尕丘、欧南、霍布逊和德令哈凹陷,分隔性较强,具有多个厚度中心,其中以欧南凹陷石灰沟地区和霍布逊凹陷落实程度高、资源潜力大,是泥页岩气最有利的发育区。     

The influence of land use change on karst water quality of Shuicheng Basin in Guizhou Province

The influence of land use and land cover on ecological environment is a focus of global change research. The paper chooses an industrial city-Shuicheng in Guizhou Province-as a study area because the karst water quality around the city is deteriorating with land use and land cover change. The natural susceptibility of karst water system is an important factor leading to karst water pollution. But land use and land cover change is also a main factor according to the chemical analysis of karst water quality and land use change. So it is a good way to protect karst water through rational planning and managing of land use and land cover.     

琼东南盆地中央峡谷上新统块体搬运沉积体系地震特征及其分布

根据琼东南盆地深水区高分辨率2D/3D地震资料精细解释,和基于三维地震资料的相干分析,在琼东南盆地中央峡谷区发现了多期次的块体搬运沉积体系(MTDs)。研究表明,该区域块体搬运沉积体系包括3个主要的结构单元,即头部拉张区、体部滑移区和趾部挤压区,不同位置地震特征不同。大规模的块体搬运沉积体系构成了琼东南盆地中央峡谷区新近系以来地层中的重要沉积单元,并对深海沉积物的空间展布有重要的控制作用。上新世发育的一期块体搬运沉积体系,分布面积达300 km2,厚度达240 m,平面展布形态似扇形。高沉积物供给速率和不断的构造活动可能是该区域MTDs发育的主要原因。此外,地震活动、海平面变化也间接影响了MTDs的发育。     

Discharge and suspended sediment flux estimated along the mainstream of the Amazon and the Madeira Rivers (from in situ and MODIS Satellite Data)

Water and suspended sediment fluxes are considered during the period 2000–2008 in a region including the full Amazon River from the confluence of the Negro River to Santarém, the end part of the Solimões River, and the lower part of the Madeira River. Three types of data are used: water discharge estimated from field measurements, and suspended sediment obtained from field measurements and derived from MODIS satellite data. A generalized least square method including a propagating term is developed in order to propagate the signal upward and downward the river. The approach is introduced and tested. Several experiments are considered in order, first, to estimate the ability to propagate the signal from stations located before the confluences of Negro and Madeira Rivers to stations located on the Amazon River; second to investigate the possibility to propagate the signal along the Amazon River which dynamics is coupled with floodplains dynamics; and third to produce optimal solutions of water and sediment fluxes. For each experiment, the influence of field and satellite data is compared. The approach is efficient in the upper part of the region of study where the Solimões, the Negro and the Madeira Rivers meet and fails in the lower part of the region where interactions between Amazon River and floodplains play an important role on the fluxes’ dynamics. The optimal experiment includes in situ and satellite data from all the stations available and is used to analyse the recent evolution of suspended sediment flux along the Amazon River and its interaction with the large coupled floodplains. A high accumulation rate is observed during the 2000–2002 period, followed by decreasing rates until 2005 and by increasing values in 2006 and 2007. Our results suggest that floodplains extending along a river reach of 390 km-long between Itacoatiara and Óbidos trap about 15% of the suspended sediment flux passing at Óbidos. The simulated deposition rate is of about 0.3 Mt km⁻¹ yr⁻¹ corresponding to an accretion rate of about 27 mm yr⁻¹.     

Application of Spatial Database in Quantitative Analysis of Litho-Paleogeography—A Case Study of a Middle Ordovician Sequence Interval in the Ordos Basin

In the study of sequence stratigraphy and litho-paleogeography,quantitative analysis,precise calculation and detailed comparison of tremendous geological data,such as field profiles,logging records and seismic curves from different areas,are the basic requirements.In order to obtain a more reliable and precise result,this paper presents a novel method that combines spatial database analysis with the single-factor mapping technology to establish sequence stratigraphical succession and to map the Ordo-vician litho-paleogeography of the Ordos Basin,one of the largest oil-gas bearing basins in North China Platform.By using this method,all of the related basic geological data can be quantitatively analyzed and effectively managed.Various attributes of the ba-sic stratigraphic units and their characters,such as sequence thickness,penecontemporaneous dolostone content,shallow water parget content,and terrigenous material content,can be fully utilized statistically in facies analysis and in mapping.Based on this analysis,this paper has be exerted single-factor isopachous mapping quantitatively for each of the Ordovician sequences in the ba-sin,and finally synthesized multiple factors to reconstruct the litho-paleogeography for each of the sequence intervals.The study shows that the proposed method is quite effective and has a much higher resolution in recognizing litho-paleogeographic subunits compared with traditional ways.For example,in one of the Middle Ordovician sequence intervals(SQ19 in the Lower Majiagou Formation) of the Ordos Basin,the authors have successfully developed a mathematical formula to divide the distribution of various facies units substantially,such as old lands,submarine uplifts,supratidal zones,intertidal zones and subtidal zones.     

黄河流域七大城市群污染气体时空变化特征卫星遥感监测

为探究黄河流域大气污染的时空演变特征,本文从城市群角度出发,选取HCHO、NO₂及SO₂为诊断指标,对比分析2005—2019年七大城市群OMI观测对流层HCHO、NO₂及边界层SO₂柱浓度的年、季、月变化。研究揭示,流域内：①HCHO、NO₂及SO₂柱浓度高值区均集中在山东半岛城市群、中原城市群、晋中城市群南部和关中平原城市群东部。②HCHO柱浓度在2005—2019年呈波动上升趋势,七大城市群的月变化均呈单峰结构,且夏季高、冬季低、春季和秋季相当。③NO₂柱浓度在2005—2011年呈上升趋势,仅2008年出现短暂小幅下降。2011年执行《火电厂大气污染物排放标准》（GB 13223—2011）后,呼包鄂榆、宁夏沿黄和晋中城市群开始大幅下降,山东半岛（2012年有小幅下降）、中原和关中平原城市群则在2013年《大气污染防治行动计划》实施后才开始大幅下降。月变化呈开口向上抛物线形态,浓度越高单峰结构越明显,且冬季高、夏季低、春季和秋季相当。④SO₂柱浓度在2007年达到顶峰,2008年开始大幅下降,2010年后呈波动下降趋势,月变化、季变化均与NO₂相似。黄河流域上游的兰西和宁夏沿黄城市群、上中游交界处的呼包鄂榆城市群空气质量较好,中游的关中平原和晋中城市群次之,中下游交界处的中原城市群和下游山东半岛城市群则较差。     

The Coarse-Grained Lacustrine Slope Apron Deposits in the Moliqing Area, Yitong Basin, Northeast China

Overlapping gravity accumulation bodies were formed on the northwestern steep slope of the Shuangyang Formation in the Moliqing fault depression of northeast China. This study analyzed in detail the spatial distribution of the lithofacies and lithofacies associations of these accumulation bodies based on more than 600 m of core sections, and summarized 12 major types of lithofacies and three types of lithofacies associations: (1) the proximal zone consists of gravelly debris flows dominated by alluvial channel conglomerates; (2) the middle zone is dominated by various gravity flow deposits and traction flow deposits; and (3) the distal zone is dominated by mudstones with intercalations of sandy debris and turbidites. Combining with the grain size cumulative probability curves analysis, we determined the transformation of debris flows to sandy debris flows and to turbidity currents in the slope zone of the basin margin, and further proposed a lacustrine slope apron model that is characterized by (1) an inconstant multiple source (line source), (2) an alternation of gravity flow deposits and traction flow deposits dominated by periodical changes in a source flood flow system, and (3) the transformation of sandy debris flow deposits into distal turbidity current deposits. This sedimentary model may be applicable to other fault depressions for predicting reservoir distribution.     

对吐哈盆地相邻两幅遥感图像的辐射匹配

在ERDAS软件的支持下,对吐哈盆地相邻的两幅ETM遥感图像采用所介绍的直方图加减均值差和方差均值2种方法进行辐射匹配,并得出基于这2种方法的几点结论用于提高辐射匹配程度。同时为了降低匹配时存在的人为误差,提出了一种新的多样本均值的辐射匹配方法。最后通过对3种匹配方法的结果进行定量性检验,证明多样本均值的辐射匹配方法能达到较好的匹配效果,其匹配结果要优于前2种方法,具有可行性。笔者的目的在于:经过对不同方法的运用、对比及验证,提出了一种更为优越的辐射匹配方法———多样本均值法,以用于对吐哈盆地整体的辐射匹配。较好的匹配效果有助于对盆地内一些相关指数的准确评价和其砂岩型铀矿的分析研究。     

柴北缘鱼卡地区中侏罗统石门沟组含煤层段沉积有机相分析

柴达木盆地北缘鱼卡地区中侏罗统石门沟组含煤段中发育有油页岩、煤、碳质泥岩和泥岩等富有机质细粒沉积.为了研究其沉积有机相的类型及煤和油页岩形成的控制因素,本文通过岩心观察、工业分析结合有机地球化学测试分析等方法将含煤段细粒沉积物划分为了类型A(三角洲平原沉积环境)、B(三角洲前缘-浅湖沉积环境)、C1(湖沼非油页岩亚相)及C2(湖沼油页岩亚相)四种类型,其中类型C1沉积物中发育煤,类型C2中发育油页岩,且煤较油页岩具有更高的含油率、水分、挥发分以及发热量值.有机质类型特征方面,沉积有机相类型A、B及C1沉积物有机质类型均为Ⅱ2-Ⅲ型、有机质来源均以陆源和混合来源两种有机质来源为主,而类型C2中主要为Ⅱ2型,以混合有机质来源为主;类型A及C2其沉积物有机质均处于未成熟阶段,而类型B和C1中有机质均处于未成熟-低成熟阶段;有机质保存条件方面,类型A沉积物主要形成于缺氧的淡水环境,类型B主要形成于贫氧-缺氧的淡水-半咸水环境,类型C1形成于贫氧-缺氧的淡水-半咸水环境,而类型C2则主要形成于缺氧的淡水-半咸水环境.其中类型B较类型A,类型C2较类型C1,其沉积物均形成于更为还原且盐度更高的水体环境中.石门沟组含煤段是煤和油页岩的形成层位,稳定的沉积环境、丰富的湖泊有机质来源、良好的保存条件及较少的陆源碎屑的稀释共同促进了类型C2中油页岩的形成,而丰富的陆源植物供给及良好的保存条件则促进了类型C1中煤层的形成.