Properties of the noise storm source at wavelength 1 m from observations of the solar eclipse on March 29, 2006

Observations of the solar eclipse on March 29, 2006, at the Laboratory of Radio Astronomy of the CrAO showed that the radio radius of the Sun at a wavelength of 1 m in the direction of the first contact was R _d = 1.12 R _⊙ during solar activity minimum between cycles 23 and 24. The brightness temperature of the undisturbed Sun was T _d = (0.6 ± 0.06) × 10⁶ K. There was a noise storm source above the sunspot group NOAA 0865 whose bright nucleus had a size of 1′.3 and a brightness temperature T _b = 16 × 10⁶ K. The noise storm bursts were emitted from the region of the bright nucleus above the group NOAA 0865 and were absent during its covering by the disk of the Moon. Thermal radiation from a coronal condensation with a brightness temperature of (1?2) × 10⁶ K extending out from the visible solar disk to 2′.7 was observed during the eclipse above the eastern limb sunspot group NOAA 0866. The bright nucleus in this limb source appeared 42 min after eclipse termination and persisted in the ensuing days. This may be indicative of the time of its emergence from behind the radio horizon formed by regular refraction of radio waves in the corona. The refractive displacement was measured by comparison with the eclipse observations at a shorter wavelength of 12 cm. Its value of 0′.96 is close to the calculated value of 0′.8.     

新疆大井南勘查区复杂表层条件下地震资料处理技术

新疆大井南勘查区位于克拉麦里山南麓的戈壁荒漠平原区,区内遍布戈壁、冲沟、沙丘、盐碱地和沙漠等多种地形,表层地震地质条件十分复杂。导致单炮记录差异大、干扰严重、信噪比低。通过采用叠前去噪、振幅补偿及一致性处理、静校正等手段,较好地解决了复杂表层条件引起的单炮品质差异问题,使剖面动力学特征和运动学特征统一,保持了较好的波组特征,具有较高的分辨率,较有利于薄煤层及煤层结构解释。     

利用小波变换方法分析跨断层形变异常

为了从跨断层形变观测资料中获取中强地震的前兆异常信息，运用二进小波变换方法和噪声与信号的定量识别方法，分析了不同尺度的小波变换的细节信号变化特征。研究结果表明：(1)不同尺度小波变换分解的细节信号显示出不同的时变特征。当尺度为1时。细节信号主要为噪声；尺度为2、4、5时，细节信号主要为非平稳信号；尺度为3时，细节信号主要为平稳周期信号；(2)每月观测一次的跨断层形变资料在尺度为3时的细节信号有较好的年周期特征；(3)当尺度为3时的细节信号变化超出2倍均方误差时，测点周围200km左右范围内发生中强地震的可能性很大。     

差分式伸缩仪试验结果分析

介绍了一种双传感器组成差分结构的伸缩仪,该仪器在武汉地震台进行3个月的试验结果表明:差分式结构明显地提高了伸缩仪的抗干扰能力.     

Molecular systems in a strong magnetic field

Brief overview of one-two electron molecular systems made out of protons and/or α-particles in a strong magnetic field B≤4.414×10¹³ G is presented. A particular emphasis is given to the one-electron exotic ions H₃⁺⁺(pppe), He₂³⁺(α α e) and to two-electron ionsH₃⁺(pppee), He₂⁺⁺(α α ee). Quantitative studies in a strong magnetic field are very complicated technically. Novel approach to the few-electron Coulomb systems in magnetic field, which provides accurate results, based on variational calculus with physically relevant trial functions is briefly described.      

GPS基准站坐标分量时间序列的噪声特性分析

用功率谱密度和谱指数估计的方法对中国大陆不同地理位置上的3个GPS基准站的站坐标分量的噪声时间序列特性进行了分析。结果表明,所有9个位置分量的噪声时间序列都具闪烁噪声加白噪声的特点,这与世界上其它地方的许多GPS连续站的分析结果一致,可能说明这种噪声特征是GPS观测技术固有的。因此,在分析GPS观测得到的时间序列时,应当顾及这种噪声特性,适当地加权以得到比较切合实际的结果。详细介绍了分析的步骤和方法,对进一步的研究提出了建议。     

ICA在合成孔径雷达抗噪声干扰中的应用研究

将ICA（Independence Component Analysis）消噪原理应用于合成孔径雷达抗噪声干扰技术中,用噪声信号和受到干扰的SAR回波数据作为扩展的虚拟观测信号,对扩展的多维加噪观测信号进行分离, 得到源雷达回波信号, 从而实现噪声的有效消除.通过对条带式SAR点目标成像进行仿真试验, 结果表明这种消噪方法在消除SAR噪声干扰中是有效的.     

Notes from council

A wide set of size‐distribution models of haze and fog droplets expressed in terms of the modified gamma distribution function have been used for evaluating the proportionality coefficient b in the empirical relationship between visibility V and liquid water content LWC, that is V=b (LWC)‐ ^2/3, as proposed by Eldridge (1966). The evaluations of b turn out to be consistent with the values proposed in the literature and give evidence for its close dependence on the shape‐parameters of the droplet size distribution, especially as regards the mode radius and the width of the larger‐droplet wing. Three average relationship curves are proposed respectively for dense haze, “dry and cold” fog and “wet and warm” fog.

Corresponding to these cases, three correlation lines are presented between b and the ratio of the volume extinction coefficient at 3.70 μm wavelength to that at 0.55 μm, evaluated for the same uniform path in hazy and foggy atmospheres. Applied to measurements of infrared and visible transmission such correlation lines give the possibility of estimating the most proper value of b to be used in Eldridge's relationship for different atmospheric conditions.     

陕西中南部一次秋季连阴雨中区域性暴雨的成因分析

利用常规高低空气象观测资料、探空资料和FY-2C红外云图,对2011年9月16-18日陕西中南部一次秋季连阴雨中区域性暴雨过程进行了分析,结果表明,暴雨发生在500hPa稳定的东高西低形势下,西西伯利亚阻塞高压和副热带高压强度偏强,持续强劲的东路冷空气和西南暖湿气流为区域性暴雨天气提供了有利的环流背景;高、低空急流是暴雨产生的主要影响系统。暴雨系统的层结特征与夏季暴雨相比有明显的差异,即暴雨发生在大气层结稳定的状态下;卫星云图显示,暴雨云系主要以中低云为主,云顶亮温一般最低为-43℃;低层东路的冷空气对暴雨的作用远远超过中空冷空气;低层锋区附近的强水汽辐合是秋季区域性暴雨产生的主要机制。     

COTREC方法在江西地区的应用和检验

基于江西及其周边地区的雷达组合反射率拼图,将二维Boussinesq(水平无辐散)质量连续方程约束至江西地区的TREC风场,得到改善后的TREC风场(COTREC风场),并基于COTREC风矢量开展了江西地区雷达回波的外推。个例分析表明,经过二维无辐散连续方程约束后,COTREC风中的噪声和不一致得到了显著的平滑,其风速水平梯度和风向切变都显著减小。基于COTREC风外推的雷达回波在形态上也得到了明显的改善,其外推回波中由风场的噪声或不一致引起的异常失真回波明显减少。为了进一步评估TREC和COTREC方法的外推表现,对2018年7月1—31日江西地区有明显降水的287个时次的雷达回波分别进行了1 h和2 h外推。结果表明:相对于TREC方法,COTREC方法在1 h和2 h的外推时间上均能改善外推回波的精度,其外推回波与实况的相关系数和TS评分均较TREC方法高。