利用数字图像处理技术提高地震剖面图像信噪比

提出了利用数字图像处理技术提高地震剖面信噪比的新方法，首先根据数字图像处理要求的格式，对地震剖面数据进行转换，得到地震剖面图像，分析了地震数据特点和初步地震图像的实验结果后，设计了新的预处理方法——“二维沿层滤波”，在此基础上，利用可以计算帧间运动速度及其变化都较大的改进的光流分析技术，计算出多幅地震剖面对应点的偏移量，然后应用图像积累技术对这多幅地震剖面进行积累，实现对三维地震数据体提高信噪比的处理，该方法充分利用了三维地震信息，不但可以提高整个数据体的信噪比，而且可以减少信号能量的损失，并保持原来的信号能量关系，使地震剖面的质量得到明显提高，为地震解释奠定良好的基础。     

图像噪声的Wiener谱分析

本文讨论图像处理过程中分析噪声的主要手段，RMS颗粒度，自相关函数，Wiener谱的定义和测试方法以及噪声仿真技术。     

云南地区1995～1996年三次强震爆发的共性研究

论述了在１９９５～１９９６年云南地区发生的孟连西南７．３级，武定６．５级和丽江７．０级３次强烈地震的孕育过程中，近源区中小地震的异常增频特点和临震前大气压力的突变共性，并据此提出，强震的发生乃是地壳内外力涨落地加剧的结果。     

强地震地点预报方法─—交汇法

利用小震调制比法、动态空区法、震群链式活动轨迹交汇法和短期震中迁移带交汇法这4种地震活动时空图像动态监测方法，结合震源模式中震源和其它单元之间的差异性以及各调整单元、调整层、深浅构造之间的差异性对若干震例进行研究，发现应用不同时段多个异常区边界或空区边界或条带交汇可求得未来强震的位置。交汇法使地震的预报范围大大缩小，这对防震减灾有一定的现实意义。另外，交汇法不仅具有明确的物理基础，而且具有可操作性和普适性。只要异常边界比较正确，采用的又是动态监测方法，这种预测强震位置的思路和方法还可推广到其它各种地震活动性参数和前兆场的分析中。     

新疆及邻区强震发生的深部条件与坚固体孕震模式的新证据

根据新疆及其邻近地区地壳，上地幔三维结构的最新研究结果，联系这个地区的强震震源分布、剖析强震孕良，发生的深部构造特征，结果表明：该区浅源强震与中原强震的震源均位于地壳或上地幔速度结构横向，纵向非均匀性较明显的地区，且位于相应层内的高速扰动区或高低速过渡带中，从而有力一证明了“坚固体孕震模式”的合理性。     

哈萨克斯坦地震预报的生物学新成就(英)

对哈萨克斯坦几次M≥6强震前动物行为异常的有关资料进行了研究，发现动物（20种）是通过其行为反应的变化对地震作出响应的。另外，在阿拉木图的山前地带（地震活动值大于9），对动物血液学和生物学指数上的动态变化进行了观察。     

Noise reduction and detection of weak, coherent signals through phase-weighted stacks

We present a new tool for efficient incoherent noise reduction for array data employing complex trace analysis. An amplitude-unbiased coherency measure is designed based on the instantaneous phase, which is used to weight the samples of an ordinary, linear stack. The result is called the phase-weighted stack (PWS) and is cleaned from incoherent noise. PWS thus permits detection of weak but coherent arrivals. The method presented can easily be extended to phase-weighted cross-correlations or be applied in the τ p domain. We illustrate and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of PWS in comparison with other coherency measures and present examples. We further show that our non-linear stacking technique enables us to detect a weak lower-mantle P -to- S conversion from a depth of approximately 840 km on array data. Hints of an 840 km discontinuity have been reported; however, such a discontinuity is not yet established due to the lack of further evidence.     

Conceptually-based shot noise modeling of streamflows at short time interval

A conceptual-stochastic approach to short time runoff data modelling is proposed, according to the aim of reproducing the hydrological aspects of the streamflow process and of preserving as much as possible the dynamics of the process itself. This latter task implies preservation of streamflow characteristics at higher scales of aggregation and, within a conceptual framework, involves compatibility with models proposed for the runoff process at those scales. At a daily time scale the watershed response to the effective rainfall is considered as deriving from the response of three linear reservoirs, respectively representing contributions to streamflows of large deep aquifers, with over-year response lag, of aquifers which run dry by the end of the dry season and of subsurface runoff. The surface runoff component is regarded as an uncorrelated point process. Considering the occurrences of effective rainfall events as generated by an independent Poisson process, the output of the linear system represents a conceptually-based multiple shot noise process. Model identification and parameter estimation are supported by information related to the aggregated runoff process, in agreement to the conceptual framework proposed, and this allows parameter parsimony, efficient estimation and effectiveness of the streamflow reproduction. Good performances emerged from the model application and testing made with reference to some daily runoff series from Italian basins.     

青藏高原东北缘及其邻区的地壳结构与地震关系初探

用人工地震测深资料及天然地震反演结果给出了东经９６°～１０８°，北纬３２°～４０°范围内的莫霍面埋深图，并讨论了莫霍面轮廓与中强地震发生的关系。结果表明，中强地震多发生在地壳厚度急剧变化、陡变带拐弯处及中地壳顶部存在低速层的区域内     

孕震系统中的1/f噪声行为

根据自组织临界现象理论,研究7海城、唐山等7个大地震前、后中小地震的活动特征,计算了不同孕震时期地震活动的功率谱特征.初步结果表明描述地震活动的谱幂律指数p值在大震发生前有明显的增高倾向.主震前一年及主震当年,p值一般落在闪变噪声的谱域,其他时间一般很小.最后讨论了地震孕育的物理过程及孕震系统的稳定性.