西南天山乌什北山高山峡谷地貌形成过程

地貌演化过程受大地构造及其规律的控制。本文通过对西南天山乌什北山地区滚滚铁列克河第四纪沉积和侵蚀地貌的观测,结合已发表的地层年代学研究,恢复了中更新世和全新世两期侵蚀地貌演化过程。中更新世地貌切割深度达1870 m以上,远远大于全新世50 m的地貌切割深度,认为该地区的高山峡谷地貌形成于中更新世。西南天山普遍发育的中更新世褶皱冲断构造,造成山体快速大幅隆升,是乌什北山高山峡谷地貌形成的主因。褶皱冲断构造向盆地方向扩展,导致山体向盆地方向隆升幅度减小,揭示了乌什北山地貌演化的空间规律。西南天山第四纪构造隆升过程与地貌演化之间存在密切关系。     

Review of marine recreational fisheries regulations in Argentina

The effects of recreational fishing on marine stocks and ecosystems have raised global concern in recent years. In Argentina, Southwest Atlantic, angling, netting and spearfishing of coastal bony fishes, sharks, rays and chimaeras are very popular pastime activities with more than 50 years of history. Despite the perceived traditional and economic relevance of these activities in the country, marine recreational fisheries were largely unregulated, and no official fisheries monitoring programs at the national level have been ever put in place. Except for a few particular systems for which some catch-and-effort data were collected by research institutions and non-governmental organizations, no comprehensive surveys aimed at describing the ecological, social or economic aspects of these fisheries have been made. Here, an updated review of the regulations in place for marine recreational fisheries along the Argentine coastline is presented. Of the five coastal provinces encompassing ca. 8400 km and about 20 latitude degrees (~36°S to 55°S) of coastline, only Buenos Aires province has a thorough legislation for its whole territory, which includes 15 protected areas. In the remaining provinces, the regulations for marine recreational fisheries are limited to a few protected areas (seven out of 37 coastal areas under provincial, national or shared jurisdiction). This lack of legislation encourages alleged recreational fishers to develop small-scale commercial fishing operations that are neither controlled nor monitored as such, contributing to the overexploitation of some key coastal stocks.     

巴布亚新几内亚利希尔岛拉多拉姆(Ladolam)金矿矿床地质特征及找矿标志

巴布亚新几内亚利希尔岛拉多拉姆金矿处于太平洋板块与印澳板块的板块边界部位,为西南太平洋地区最大的碱性侵入岩有关的低硫型浅成低温热液型金矿。矿床赋存在Luise火山内,成矿与更新世碱性二长闪长岩侵入体有关,该岩体形成于俯冲带环境下被流体交代的上地幔的部分熔融。矿床的矿化可分为三个阶段,在岩体侵入后形成斑岩铜矿化,并在之后逐渐过渡为浅成低温热液型金矿化。该类矿床在成矿过程和矿体的分布明显受到区域性构造、蚀变带和成矿有关角砾岩等成矿结构面的控制,在找矿标志上具有特定的物化探和地质特征,具有较好的找矿远景。     

我国西南地区岩溶水资源的基本特征及其和谐利用对策

应用岩溶学、水文地质学和水资源经济理论,以科学发展观为指导,按照经济社会可持续发展和水资源与人、生态环境、经济社会发展相和谐的理念,对我国西南地区岩溶水资源的基本特点、我国西南岩溶水资源和谐利用及其不利因素与问题进行了论述。在此基础上,提出了加强岩溶水资源勘查和有效配置、正确开发、高效利用、有效保护及统一管理为主要措施的我国西南岩溶水资源和谐利用对策。      

Topography of the Seismic Velocity Discontinuities beneath the Chugoku and Shikoku Districts,Southwest Japan

The first P-arrival-time data from 513 local earthquakes were analyzed to study lateral variation of the depth to the Conrad and Moho discontinuities beneath the Chugoku and Shikoku districts, southwest Japan, as well as to determine earthquake hypocenters and P-wave station corrections. The depth to the discontinuity was estimated by minimizing the travel-time residuals of more than 8700 first P arrivals observed at 55 seismic stations. The Conrad and Moho discontinuities are located within depth ranges of 15–25 km and 30–40 km, respectively. The Moho is deeper under the mountain area than under the Seto Inland Sea area, and especially deep under the Pacific Coast of the Shikoku district and the mountain area in the Chugoku district. The depth variation of the Moho is quite similar to the Bouguer gravity anomaly distribution and the lateral variations of the P-wave velocity. The deep Moho under the southern Shikoku is located at the portion in which the continental Moho under the island arc meets the oceanic Moho that is the boundary interface between the oceanic crust and the Philippine Sea (PHS) plate dipping toward the back arc. Although there are high mountains in the northern and middle Shikoku, the Moho is not so deep because subduction of the PHS plate prevents the Moho from getting deep, while the Moho is deep due to isostatic balance under the mountain area in the Chugoku district. In addition, we indicated the possibility that the upper boundary of the oceanic crust just above the high-velocity PHS plate is in contact with the deep Moho under the western Chugoku. The contact of the Moho with the oceanic crust can explain the markedly negative gravity anomaly observed in the western Chugoku and the later phase that appears just after the first P arrival from local earthquakes.     

Large-Scale Dextral Strike-Slip Movement and Associated Tectonic Deformation Along the Red-River Fault Zone

INTRODUCTION TheRedRiverfaultinsouthwestChina,aboundaryfaultbetweentheIndochinaplateandthe Yangtzeplate,haslongbeenatopicofgeneralinterest.Manystudieshavebeendoneonthegenesis,evolutionandtectonicchangesinthehistoryoftheAilaoshan RedRivertectoniczoneinterm…     

Seismic evidence of divergent rifting and subsequent deformation in the southern Japan Sea, and a Cenozoic tectonic synthesis of the eastern Eurasian margin

Neogene rift system configuration for the back-arc of southwest Japan, southern rim of the Japan Sea, is argued on the basis of reflection seismic interpretation. Divergent rifting and subsequent contraction provoked by an arc–arc collisional event are manifested by the formation of faulted grabens and their inverted deformation, respectively. We identified the following four Cenozoic tectonic epochs as a decomposition process of the eastern Eurasian margin based on reliable paleomagnetic data: (1) Plate margin rearrangement on a regional left-lateral fault through southwest Japan and Sikhote Alin, which constituted a continuous geologic province before the early Tertiary differential motion; (2) Early Tertiary clockwise rotation (>20°) of the east Tan-Lu block relative to the North China block; (3) Oligocene to early Miocene divergent rifting and spreading of the Japan Sea, which divided southwest Japan from the east Tan-Lu block; (4) Middle Miocene bending and back-arc inversion of southwest Japan caused by collision with the Izu-Bonin arc. According to the estimation of relative motions during these events, a paleogeographic reconstruction is presented through Cenozoic time.     

塔里木盆地西南坳陷柯东1号构造白垩系原油特征

柯东1号构造是塔里木盆地西南坳陷昆仑山前发育的断鼻型圈闭,钻探kd1井白垩系获高产工业油气流.原油地球化学特征表明,其为高含蜡中质成熟原油,甾烷中C27、C28、C29甾烷呈反“L”型分布,以C29甾烷含量高为特征,萜烷类C29、C30重排霍烷、C30未知萜烷、C24四环萜烷、Ts含量相对较高.生物标志物特征表明,该原油来源于二叠系烃源岩.据原油成熟度分析认为,该原油高分子量芳烃和低分子量的轻烃是烃源岩分别在成熟阶段与高-过熟阶段产物.因此,kd1井白垩系原油是二叠系烃源岩成熟期、高熟期两期充注的混合原油.     

青藏高原东部重力波过程与西南涡活动的统计关系

本文利用2012～2015年西南涡加密观测大气科学实验的剑阁、金川、九龙和名山四站探空资料,统计分析了6～7月西南涡活动期间对流层中、高层（6～12 km）的重力波过程,结果表明:青藏高原东部川西高原南部的九龙站与其余三站不同,重力波源主要来自对流层上层,波能传播方向向上,剑阁、金川和名山三站重力的波源主要来自对流层下层,波能传播方向向下。重力波过程在不同类型的西南涡活动中有明显差异,在移出型西南涡活动初期,重力波水平传播方向主要为东北向,其上传概率远大于下传概率,波动的动能和潜能较大且变化剧烈;而对应源地型西南涡,初期主要呈西北—东南向传播且重力波上传与下传概率相当,动能和潜能较小且变化相对平缓同时本次研究表明,重力波水平传播方向对西南涡的移动方向也有一定指示作用。按照发生时刻本文将重力波分为日发型重力波和夜发型重力波,在夜发型西南涡初期,重力波活动夜发（北京时20:00～08:00）的概率较大,这表明重力波的夜发性与西南涡的夜发性可能存在一定关联。