Palaeohydrology in climatological context: Developing the case for use of remote predictors in Australian streamflow reconstructions

The dry continent of Australia experiences frequent periods of devastating regional drought, making high quality palaeohydrological reconstructions essential for water resource management and planning. In other parts of the world tree-rings form a core component of such reconstructions. Yet for much of Australia, annually resolved palaeohydrological reconstructions derived from tree-rings have proven elusive. The island state of Tasmania in the far south is an important exception, with over 50 tree-ring chronologies available. Coupled ocean-atmosphere processes that drive precipitation across mainland Australia also influence Tasmanian precipitation. Here, we provide a basic analysis of how geographic relationships between important drivers of seasonal Tasmanian streamflow and potential streamflow predictors such as tree-ring chronologies may extend the spatial applicability of Tasmania's tree-ring predictors beyond the local context. We find clear geographically and seasonally defined patterns in Tasmanian streamflow that are reflected in the relationships between individual Tasmanian tree-ring chronologies and their relationships with streamflows. We find strong evidence that quality Tasmanian summer (DJF) streamflow reconstructions based on tree-rings are possible. Evidence also suggests that streamflow reconstructions for other seasons are also likely to be possible, especially as additional chronologies based on wood properties such as tracheid radial diameter, microfibril angle, density and cell wall thickness become available. Based on the relationships between streamflows and tree-ring chronologies, and between streamflows and major precipitation drivers across Australia, we conclude that Tasmanian tree-ring chronologies are likely to prove useful as predictors for seasonal streamflow reconstructions, particularly in eastern Australia. Successful streamflow reconstructions for a much broader portion of Australia than currently available will be invaluable for future water resource management and planning.     

桂西巴马地区极高Ti/Y 值基性岩地球化学特征——来自峨眉山地幔柱高Ti母岩浆？

桂西地区位于扬子地块西南缘,越北地块以北。桂西巴马等地出露层状—似层状基性岩（辉绿岩和玄武岩）,该地区的基性岩成因对于理解该区构造—岩浆作用具有十分重要的意义。对桂西巴马基性岩进行了岩石学和地球化学研究,对其岩石成因和岩浆源区特征进行了讨论。研究表明,桂西巴马基性岩属于碱性玄武质岩,相对富集轻稀土元素和Nb、Ti等微量元素,与峨眉山大火成岩省高Ti玄武岩相似,说明其与峨眉山地幔柱具有相关性。然而,对比峨眉山高Ti玄武岩,巴马基性岩表现出更高的Ti/Y值。不相容元素比值特征表明,桂西巴马基性岩岩浆演化呈现更高的Nb/Y值等演化趋势。结合Dy/Dy?与Dy/Yb、Ti/Y的协变关系,对桂西基性岩与峨眉山玄武岩岩浆源区中稀土元素的分异特征进行判别,揭示出桂西巴马基性岩和峨眉山高Ti玄武岩具有同源性。然而,巴马基性岩地幔熔融程度更低,可能是峨眉山大火成岩省外带的地幔柱岩浆作用延伸的结果,代表了峨眉山地幔柱高Ti玄武岩母岩浆的特征。     

广西资源县某萤石矿矿山地质灾害危险性评估及防治对策

以广西资源县某萤石矿山为例,重点介绍矿山地质灾害危险性评估的分析思路及基本方法,并提出有效的防控对策。在了解矿山基本情况和查明矿山地质环境背景的基础上,综合采矿场地形及工程活动特征,对矿山地质灾害进行现状评估和预测评估,并提出了相应的防治对策。     

渝东南地区五峰组－龙马溪组页岩气成藏地质条件与有利区预测

上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组是四川盆地页岩气勘探的重要层位。通过地层厚度、地层埋深、总有机碳含量、有机质类型、有机质成熟度及储层含气量等参数的综合分析,表明渝东南地区五峰组—龙马溪组具有泥页岩厚度大(40~210m)、地层埋深较浅(4500m)、总有机碳含量较高(TOC一般1.5%)、有机质成熟度高(Ro为1.9%~2.7%)等特点,有机质类型多以Ⅰ型为主,现场解吸含气量在五峰组及龙马溪组中下部具有较好的水平。综合分析认为,五峰组—龙马溪组具有较好的页岩气成藏地质潜力。运用多因素叠加及综合地质分析技术,选取总有机碳含量、热成熟度、地层埋深、地层厚度、地表条件5个参数作为核心评价指标对渝东南地区五峰组—龙马溪组的成藏有利区进行了预测,共预测出Ⅰ类有利区6个,Ⅱ类有利区2个,有利区预测结果与目前已有钻井的含气量水平相一致。最后,提出了"有重点、有先后、分层次"的勘探开发部署建议。     

金活动态测量法在红壤区与干旱黄土区找矿中的应用

用金属活动态提取法在广西与山西黄土区进行试验研究,发现在山西黄土区,利用金的水提取态含量偏低,异常不明显,而金的粘土结合态、有机物结合态和铁锰氧化物结合态异常清晰地反映在矿体上方;而在雨量充沛的广西红壤区,金的水提取态和铁锰氧化物结合态异常较好,而粘土结合态金异常效果不太理想。研究结果表明在这两个地区应用金属活动态测量法进行找矿研究时,可以对其提取有利的相态来进行靶位确定。     

广西金牙金矿床原生地球化学异常特征及其找矿意义

广西金牙金矿床是一种浊积岩容矿、滑塌挤压复合断裂控矿的微细粒浸染型金矿床。本文通过大量岩石样品分析数据处理,对矿床原生地球化学异常特征探讨。认为:该矿床以发育Au、As、Sb、W、Hg等元素异常为特征,其原生晕的形态和空间展布较明显地受赋矿断裂构造所控制,基本上与矿体形态相吻合,故Au—As—Sb—W—Hg组合异常为典型的矿体晕;Hg异常也表现为一定程度的前缘晕特征。据此,建立了本区的找矿模式和找矿标志。     

广西德保铜锡矿床氧化带产出的砷酸盐矿物

广西德保矿区是我国最重要的砷酸盐矿物产区 ,已发现有 17种砷酸盐矿物 ,其中钡毒铁石、砷铜矾等 12种为在国内首次发现。文中提供了其中一些重要新发现矿物较详细的矿物学数据 ,初步阐述了该类矿物在德保铜锡矿床氧化带的共生组合特征 ,指出该类矿物是矽卡岩型铜 -锡矿床以及铜铅锌等多金属硫化物矿床的重要找矿标志     

广西鲤鱼类一新属三新种

记述采自广西河池地区的鲤科鱼类一新属三新种。新属近金线鳃属Anchicyclocheilusgen.nov.的侧线鳞与体鳞一致可区别于侧线鳞大于体鳞的金线鳃属Sinocycloheilus。模式种半盲近金线鳃Anchicyclocheilus halfibindus,sp.nov.的背鳍分枝鳍条有9条表明其原始性;新属另一新种高肩近金线鲃Anchicyclolocheilus altishoulderus,sp.nov.以背鳍分枝鳍条7根和有明显额突等特征区别于半盲近金线鲃。第三个新种宜山金线鲃Sinocyclocheilus yishanensis,sp.nov.的背鳍不分枝鳍条纤细、柔软、光滑无锯齿;口亚上位;鳞大、鳞比2.1;侧线鳞52-54等区别于软鳍金线鲃S.malacopterus Chu et Cui。     

广西钟山珊瑚矿田的构造变形、动力学演化与控矿关系

本文根据大量的宏、微观资料,论述珊瑚钨锡矿田构造变形的主要类型及其性质特征,着重详析了韧性变形的表现形式.厘定矿田构造变形机制及构造变形分区。通过5种构造动力学分析方法,确立本区自印支期以来的构造变形史,并对矿田内各类矿床产布特征与构造变形的成生联系进行研讨。     

广西佛子冲铅锌矿田地质特征及找矿前景

通过对佛子冲铅锌矿田成矿地质条件、控矿因素、成矿规律的系统总结，区分了相同矿种不同型式矿床的基本特征，进而提出矿床成因类型。在矿田内外一些工作程度较低的地段，通过研究和对比，提出下一步找矿靶区，并指出了该地区找矿由铅锌向银金转化的初步方向