Nutrient-controlled growth of Skeletonema costatum: an applied model

To model Skeletonema costatum blooms and their relationship with environmental parameters in situ, a S. costatum-specifi c zero-dimensional box model based on the mechanistic model Eco3M was established using physiological features. The parameters were calibrated using experimental counterparts, and simulations were compared with published laboratory fi ndings. The resulting normalized objective function(NOF) values are less than 1.0(and in most cases less than 0.58) and the values for the slope γ(between 0.656 7–1.127 4) and R 2(between 0.806 8–0.971) are close to 1.0 for most of the sub-fi gures. This indicates good agreement between simulated and measured data and suggests that the model reproduces the general characteristics of S. costatum growth and use of nutrients under different N- or P-limiting conditions. The model is appropriate for further applications and can be used to test more scenarios using other nutrients.     

中肋骨条藻蛋白质双向电泳样品制备方法的比较

比较了裂解液法和直接三氯乙酸(TCA)-丙酮沉淀法对中肋骨条藻Skeletonema costatum 蛋白双向电泳的提取效果并优化了提取条件,结果表明:裂解液-TCA-丙酮沉淀法在去除胞内干扰物质方面,较裂解液-超滤管法和裂解液-试剂盒法的效果都好。 裂解液-TCA-丙酮沉淀法和直接TCA-丙酮沉淀法都能取得背景干净、蛋白点清晰的双向电泳图谱,但后者的双向电泳图谱聚焦更完全,在进一步优化条件后(即蛋白沉淀12 h并增加超声波洗涤过程),可作为提取中肋骨条藻蛋白的最适方法。     

The inhibitory degree between Skeletonema costatum and dinoflagllate Prorocentrum donghaiense at different concentrations of phosphate and nitrate/phosphate ratios

Interactions between Skeletonema costatum (S. costatum) and Prorocentrum donghaiense (P. donghaiiense) were inves-tigated using bi-algal cultures at different concentrations of phosphate (PO4-P) and nitrate/phosphate (N/P) ratios. Experiments were conducted under P-limited conditions and the Lotka-Volterra mathematical model was used to simulate the growth of S. costatum and P. donghaiense in the bi-algal cultures. Both of these two species were inhibited significantly in bi-algal culture. The results of the simulation showed that the inhibitory degree of S. costaum by P. donghaiense was high when the concentration of PO4-P was low (0.1μmolL-1/2 d), but that of P. donghaiense by S. costaum was high with increased PO4-P supply (0.6μmolL-1/2 d). At low concen-tration of PO4-P (0.1μmolL-1/2 d), or high concentration of PO4-P (0.6μmolL-1/2 d) with high N/P ratio (160), the interactions be-tween S. costatum and P. donghaiense were dependent on the initial cell densities of both species. At high concentration of PO4-P (0.6μmolL-1/2 d) with low N/P ratio (25 or 80), S. costatum exhibited a survival strategy superior to that of P. donghaiense. The de-gree of inhibition of P. donghaiense by S. costaum increased with elevated N/P ratio when the medium was supplemented with con-centration 0.1μmolL-1/2 d of PO4-P. The degree of inhibition to P. donghaiense by S. costaum increased with elevated N/P ratio at low concentration of PO4-P (0.1 μmolL-1/2 d). This trend was conversed at high concentration of PO4-P (0.6μmolL-1/2 d). However, the degree of inhibition of S. costaum by P. donghaiense increased with the increased N/P ratio at different PO4-P concentrations (0.1μmolL-1/2 d and 0.6μmolL-1/2 d). These results suggested that both phosphate concentration and N/P ratio affected the competition between S. costaum and P. donghaiense: P. donghaiense is more competitive in environments with low phosphate or high N/P ratio and the influence of N/P ratio on the competition was more significant with lower phosphate concentration.     

中肋骨条藻和东海原甲藻的散射特性

浮游藻类是海水中的重要组成成分,对其固有光学特性的研究有助于深入了解水体光学的辐射传输。在过去的30年中,大量的研究都集中在藻类吸收特性上,缺少对其散射特性的认识。本文利用分光光度计设计了在实验室中测量含颗粒水体散射和后向散射特性的方法,并利用标准球形颗粒对该方法的可行性进行验证,结果表明,在400~700 nm范围内,散射测量结果与理论值的一致性较好,最大误差小于3%,而后向散射测量结果在蓝紫光处的一致性较好,在近红外波段处有一定误差。运用这两种测量方法对东中国海常见的赤潮藻种中肋骨条藻Skeletonema costatum和东海原甲藻Prorocentrum donghaiense进行测量,结果显示:中肋骨条藻与东海原甲藻的散射系数幅值相近但谱形差异较大,前者随波长增加散射强度递减,后者则相反;在色素吸收较强的波段,两者散射强度均出现与其它波长位置变化趋势相反的情况,这主要是受细胞物质物理性质的影响。两者的后向散射差异较小,但可以看出其谱形受色素吸收的影响很大,在幅值上,东海原甲藻略高于中肋骨条藻,在550 nm处分别为0.001 74,0.001 43 m²/mg(以藻类叶绿素a浓度归一化),后向散射概率分别为1.104%和0.723%。     

无机胶体和铁、铜离子对中肋骨条藻生长的影响

选择无机胶体粒子Fe(OH) 3 胶体、伊利石胶体及其与金属铁和铜 ,对中肋骨条藻进行了培养实验。结果表明 :在培养介质中加入Fe(OH) 3 胶体后 ,在低添加量时可通过Fe(OH) 3 胶体提供满足微藻的生长所需的铁 ,从而提高其生长速度。但在较高添加量时 (>0 .5mg/L) ,由于胶体物质的吸附特性 ,微藻的生长受到抑制。Fe(OH) 3 对中肋骨条藻的最佳的添加量在 0 .2 5～ 0 .5 0mg/L之间。中肋骨条藻在加入伊利石胶体液时 ,微藻的生长均产生明显的抑制作用。通过伊利石胶体对培养介质中铁离子和铜离子浓度的调节控制作用 ,可直接影响到中肋骨条藻的生长。     

粤东柘林湾中肋骨条藻与环境因子的灰关联分析及其计算机实现

在数据库技术的支持下,应用灰关联分析方法对2001年10月至2002年7月粤东柘林湾海域9个调查站点海水样品的理化、生物实测数据进行数据分析,从磷酸盐(PO4-P)和硅酸盐(SiO3-Si)等12项理化、生物因子中找出影响中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum）细胞密度的关键因子。结果表明,浮游动物的个体数、铁(Fe)、水温和浊度是影响柘林湾中肋骨条藻细胞密度的关键因子。     

不同温度下抑食金球藻、中肋骨条藻和海洋卡盾藻间的相互作用

本文选取抑食金球藻(Aureococcus anophagefferens)、中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)和海洋卡盾藻(Chattonella marina)三种藻在20℃和25℃下进行单种、两种或三种藻间的培养实验, 探究在不同温度下藻种间的相互作用和竞争优势。单种培养结果显示抑食金球藻和中肋骨条藻对温度25℃敏感, 其环境容量(K)被显著降低; 而海洋卡盾藻的內禀增长率(r)在25℃下显著升高, 但K保持不变。在共培养中, 海洋卡盾藻在20℃下因抑食金球藻添加致死, 但在25℃处理下其K值上升120%。虽然中肋骨条藻的r在两个温度下均受海洋卡盾藻添加的促进, 但其K值从20℃下的上升43%转变为25℃下的降低48%。温度变化对于抑食金球藻和中肋骨条藻共培养的结果无明显影响, 中肋骨条藻的K均上升40%, 而抑食金球藻的K值均下降60%~70%。结果说明, 种间竞争除了共培养藻固有的相互作用关系因素外, 也受到微藻间温度适应性差异的影响。在20℃条件下三种藻混合, 抑食金球藻K的抑制率达到最高为79%, 而中肋骨条藻K的促进率达到最高为108%, 这可能表明三者之间的相互作用存在协同效应。     

中肋骨条藻与微小亚历山大藻间的他感作用研究

在f/2全营养培养条件下,采用共培养以及滤液交叉培养的方法研究了中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)和微小亚历山大藻(Alexandrium minutum)之间的竞争作用,结果表明: 微小亚历山大藻指数生长后期的无藻细胞滤液对中肋骨条藻的生长没有抑制作用,但中肋骨条藻滤液明显抑制了微小亚历山大藻的生长,且抑制作用随着中肋骨条藻滤液比例的增大而增大,他感作用是影响这两种微藻间竞争的重要方式之一;通过向培养基中添加自他感物质标准品15S-hydroxy-5Z,8Z,11Z,13E,17Z-eicosapentaenoic acid (15(S)-HEPE)考察其对中肋骨条藻自身以及微小亚历山大藻生长的影响,发现15(S)-HEPE在中肋骨条藻滤液中并不是能够抑制微小亚历山大藻生长的他感物质,今后应进一步深入分析中肋骨条藻释放的抑制微小亚历山大藻生长的他感物质。     

Effects of iron on growth, degree of pigmentization and nitrogen assimilation in Skeletonema costatum

Ｅｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆｉｒｏｎｏｎｇｒｏｗｔｈ,ｄｅｇｒｅｅｏｆｐｉｇｍｅｎｔｉｚａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｎｉｔｒｏｇｅｎａｓｓｉｍｉｌａｔｉｏｎｉｎＳｋｅｌｅｔｏｎｅｍａｃｏｓｔａｔｕｍＺｈｅｎｇＡｉｒｏｎｇ,ＣｈｅｎＣｉｍｅｉ,ＺｈｏｕＣｉｙｏｕ,ＣｈｅｎＹ...     

温度和pCO2对中肋骨条藻释放挥发性卤代烃的影响

挥发性卤代烃(volatilehalocarbon,VHCs)是大气中一类重要的臭氧层破坏者和环境污染物,海洋微藻释放是大气VHCs的重要来源,在调节全球气候中起着至关重要的作用。该研究在2个温度(T=20、25°C)和2个CO₂分压(pCO₂=395、790 mg/L)条件下,模拟研究了温度和pCO₂升高对中肋骨条藻生长和3种VHCs (CHBr₃、CHBr₂Cl和CHBrCl2)释放量的影响。研究结果表明, pCO₂=395 mg/L,T=25°C时,中肋骨条藻的生长情况最佳; pCO₂=790 mg/L, T=20°C时,中肋骨条藻的生长情况最差。温度升高时,CHBr₃、CHBr₂Cl和CHBrCl2的平均浓度分别增加了10.55%、9.45%和12.18%;pCO₂升高时, CHBr₃和CHBrCl2的平均浓度分别降低了19.29%和30....