Factors to consider in evaluating the management and conservation effectiveness of a whale sanctuary to protect and conserve the North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis)

This paper examines key factors used in protecting the migratory North Atlantic right whale within the context of a marine protected area (MPA) system, using the Grand Manan Whale Conservation Area, in New Brunswick Canada, as a case study example. Designated as a conservation area in 1993, before the Oceans Act came into effect, the Grand Manan conservation area currently does not form part of the Canadian network of MPAs. Given the possibility that MPA designation may occur, the paper examines factors that should be considered in meeting International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) MPA design criteria and IUCN evaluation model requirements. An MPA evaluation framework based on an IUCN evaluation model (Hockings et al., 2000 [1]) is designed to assess the effectiveness of an MPA in protecting a migratory right whale. Case study results indicate that current management and research activities for the Grand Manan conservation area address most governance, biophysical and socio-economic issues under an IUCN evaluation framework. On a site basis, it is recommended that the Grand Manan conservation area be designated as a component of the Canadian network of MPAs and that regulations be developed and implemented under the Species at Risk Act to clearly define activities considered damaging or destructive to right whale critical habitat. Recommendations also suggest the preparation of a combined site management-action plan for the Grand Manan conservation area indicating how activities specified in North Atlantic Right Whale Recovery Strategy will be implemented locally. On a regional and international basis, recommendations call for an internationally coordinated and integrated approach to right whale protection within the context of a network of designated critical habitat areas. Recommended activities include: continued Canadian participation in cross-border research and actions to mitigate threats to the right whales over their migratory range; development of a regional right whale management and monitoring strategy; and designation of additional critical habitats in national/international waters. It is further recommended that the evaluation framework developed by this paper be used as a model in assessing the conservation and management effectiveness of MPAs protecting other migratory marine species.     

华东地区测震学指标异常配套和中强震对应关系初探

本文分析了部分地震学指标的物理意义。通过对华东地区1970年以来14个指标的全时间扫描,并使用华东地区Ms≥5.0地震进行对应,结果表明,选取Rm值、b值和AC值进行同步异常分析,能显著提高华东地区的有震报震率,但有漏报。对目前华东地区异常集中区(南黄海及其沿岸地区)进行时间扫描,结果显示该异常集中区未出现同步异常,认为该区域短期内发生中强地震的可能性不大。     

斑岩Cu-(Mo-Au)矿床的成矿构造环境及勘查意义

斑岩矿床是重要的矿床勘查目标。斑岩矿床的成矿构造环境研究有助于确定斑岩矿床的战略勘查方向。斑岩矿床形成的成矿构造环境包括板块汇聚边缘、大陆转换板块边界、陆内造山环境和非造山环境。本文重点对斑岩矿床在汇聚边缘和大陆转换板块边界的成矿构造环境及其勘查意义进行初步总结。构造变化对斑岩矿床的形成起到触发作用。微弱和中等程度的转换挤压应力最有利于岩浆的集聚、上升和就位。岩浆侵入可以是在广阔的转换挤压断层带内或在其周围局部呈引张的地区集中出现。对于斑岩矿床战略勘查方向而言,应注意研究区域走滑断层与侵入体的关系,加强对地表浅部喷气蚀变的识别。在我国西南地区已勘查发现的5个斑岩成矿带中,应注意沿区域走滑断裂构造方向开展找矿。从成矿构造环境与哀牢山-红河构造带对比来看,鲜水河-小江断裂带可能是西南地区新的斑岩矿床勘查区。     

Matlab在矿区GPS网间接平差中的应用

针对矿区GPS网间接平差,首先,详细地分析了GPS网间接平差原理,按一定格式将GPS网中的观测数据编制成观测文件,其次,按观测文件的格式编制算法将数据读入并存储,然后用间接平差原理处理得到平差结果,最后绘制网形和误差椭圆并生成平差报告,为矿区控制网的建立和矿区生产管理提供了便利。实验验证了本文程序的实用性。     

胶州湾及青岛近海表层沉积物重金属赋存形态研究

2008年11月和2010年11月分别在青岛近海6个站位和胶州湾9个站位采集了表层沉积物样品,应用连续提取法分离和测定其主要成分和重金属的赋存形态。结果表明,易还原态的重金属受铁锰氧化物体系显著影响,其中镍的迁移过程基本受控于该体系,有机结合态的铬和钡迁移变化受有机质一定影响,其他形态重金属主要受外源输入影响。Pb和Cr存在显著富集,相对其他金属污染较明显。Pb的生态风险最高。胶州湾东部,尤其是李村河口附近重金属污染程度和不稳定性都最为明显。     

威海南部近岸泥质区晚更新世以来的沉积环境演化

对威海南部近岸泥质区WHZK01钻孔(孔深25.1 m)岩心开展粒度分析、AMS14C和光释光(OSL)年代学测试,结合地震地层特征以及周边钻孔对比,建立了晚更新世晚期以来的地层框架,揭示出该地区主要经历了3个阶段的演化过程:(1)氧同位素3期晚期(MIS3a)的河流沉积,水动力环境动荡;(2)氧同位素1期(MIS1)早期河漫滩与河口湾沉积,动力环境总体较弱;(3)全新世滨海-浅海沉积,沉积环境弱而稳定。海平面变化是影响研究区晚更新世以来的沉积演化的主要因素,尤其全新世高海平面以来,随着黄海暖流的形成和黄海环流格局的建立,大量黄河物质在山东半岛沿岸流作用下输运到研究区,使得威海近岸泥质区得以快速发育。     

煤矿采空区钻孔注浆治理工艺

钻孔注浆充填固结处理煤矿采空区塌陷是一种经济快捷的有效方法，本文就其施工工艺方法进行了简单分析，期望能为其它类似工程提供参考。     

内蒙古西部北山地区甜水井-青山一带双堡塘组时代讨论

通过对神螺滩双堡塘组生物地层的研究、对比,神螺滩双堡塘组中所产菊石Uraloceras是北山地区双堡塘组的特征分子,广泛分布于俄罗斯、加拿大、澳大利亚和中国的上石炭统—下、中二叠统;腕足Neospirifer ravana,Schizodus subquadratus,S.cf.elongatas,Parallelodon olseni,Pseudomonotis mongoliensis,Streblochondria?sp.,Palaeolima sp.,Myalinella cf.falcata等均见于内蒙古中部的早、中二叠世哲斯组。神螺滩双堡塘组的化石中没有发现典型的晚二叠世的特征分子。这一化石组合面貌显示神螺滩双堡塘组的时代应为早二叠世晚期—中二叠世,而不是晚二叠世。     

重庆合川自流井组植物化石的发现

描述了发现于合川自流井组东岳庙段的三种似木贼植物化石,即Equisetites flus Harris,E．1ateralis(Phillips)和E．columnaris(Brongn．)Phillips。标本保存良好,依据植物和双壳类化石的分布关系,提出自流井组东岳庙段的时代为早侏罗世晚期至中侏罗世早期。同时,分析了东岳庙段的岩相特征和沉积环境。     

The use of MODIS data to derive acreage estimations for larger fields: A case study in the south-western Rostov region of Russia

Recent developments in remote sensing technology, in particular improved spatial and temporal resolution, open new possibilities for estimating crop acreage over larger areas. Remotely sensed data allow in some cases the estimation of crop acreage statistics independently of sub-national survey statistics, which are sometimes biased and incomplete. This work focuses on the use of MODIS data acquired in 2001/2002 over the Rostov Oblast in Russia, by the Azov Sea. The region is characterised by large agricultural fields of around 75 ha on average. This paper presents a methodology to estimate crop acreage using the MODIS 16-day composite NDVI product. Particular emphasis is placed on a good quality crop mask and a good quality validation dataset. In order to have a second dataset which can be used for cross-checking the MODIS classification a Landsat ETM time series for four different dates in the season of 2002 was acquired and classified. We attempted to distinguish five different crop types and achieved satisfactory and good results for winter crops. Three hundred and sixty fields were identified to be suitable for the training and validation of the MODIS classification using a maximum likelihood classification. A novel method based on a pure pixel field sampling is introduced. This novel method is compared with the traditional hard classification of mixed pixels and was found to be superior.