洛川黄土剖面的粉砂与粘粒比值及粒度旋回

洛川黑木沟黄土剖面发育了一套完整的黄土地层。据剖面百余块标本粒度资料阐述了Kd=(粉砂(0.05-0.01mm％))/(粘粒(<0.005mm)％)的地质及物理意义。它反映了受风化的粉尘粒组与次生粒组之间的消长关系,Kd值变化既受风尘来源区干湿状况或生物气候条件的制约,又受风化成壤作用的制约。因此,Kd值可视为黄土、古土壤生成环境的一个指标。据Mφ(平均值)由粗到细的变化划为一个粒度旋回,全剖面共分11个旋回。每个旋回反映了一定的岩性地层组合及生物气候环境的变化。     

地图数据库中的结构化河网及其自动建立

本文提出了一种基于河段的结构化河网,讨论了这种结构化河网的自动建立过程,主要包括两个结构索引即线索树结构索引及层次结构索引的自动产生;根据包含以上两个索引的结构化河网,提供了若干检索函数,作为地图数据库中结构处理时结构信息的提取手段。     

An introduction to ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism

Abstract Ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphism refers to mineralogical and structural readjustment of supracrustal protoliths and associated mafic-ultramafic rocks at mantle pressures greater than ∼ 25 kbar (80-90 km). Typical products include metapelite, quartzite, marble, granulite, eclogite, paragneiss and orthogneiss; minor mafic and ultramafic rocks occur as eclogitic-ultramafic layers or blocks of various dimensions within the supracrustal rocks. For appropriate bulk compositions, metamorphism at great depths produces coesite, microdiamond and other characteristic UHP minerals with unusual compositions. Thus far, at least seven coesite-bearing eclogitic terranes and three diamond-bearing UHP regions have been documented. All lie within major continental collision belts in Eurasia, have similar supracrustal protoliths and metamorphic assemblages, occur in long, discontinuous belts that may extend several hundred kilometers or more, and typically are associated with contemporaneous high-P blueschist belts. This paper defines the P-T regimes of UHP metamorphism and describes mineralogical, petrological and tectonic characteristics for a few representative UHP terranes including the western gneiss region of Norway, the Dora Maira massif of the western Alps, the Dabie Mountains and the Su-Lu region of east-central China, and the Kokchetav massif of the former USSR. Prograde P-T paths for coesite-bearing eclogites require abnormally low geothermal gradients (approximately 7°C/km) that can be accomplished only by subduction of cold, oceanic crust-capped lithosphere ± pelagic sediments or an old, cold continent. The preservation of coesite inclusions in garnet, zircon, omphacite, kyanite and epidote, and microdiamond inclusions in garnet and zircon during exhumation of an UHP terrane requires either an extraordinarily fast rate of denudation (up to 10 cm/year) or continuous refrigeration in an extensional regime (retreating subduction zone).     

中国主要自然致灾因子的区域分异

依据１０２种自然致灾因子分布图，以县域为统计单元，建立了全国自然致灾因子数据库。在此基础上，绘制出中国自然致灾因子多度、相对强度、被灾指数图，进而分析了它们的区域分异，为进行中国自然灾害区划提供依据。     

作物叶面蒸腾与棵间蒸发分摊系数的计算方法

依据在冬小麦和玉米冠层表面及冠层内部下方土壤表面的净辐射观测资料,建立了一个能较准确地反映叶面蒸腾与棵间土壤蒸发分摊系数物理变化规律的较实用的计算模式,结果表明,分摊系数(α)随叶面积指数(LAI)增加而增加,且具有明显的日变化,α在中午最小、早、晚稍大,这种日变化受叶气孔调节的影响。     

旱直播水稻的农业气象条件研究

通过１９９０年，１９９１年连续两年的分期播种试验，分析了旱直播水稻的光温特性及其与空秕率的关系，并根据当地气候特点，提出旱直播水稻的最佳及安全播种期和抽穗期。     

The Relationship between the Wintertime Blocking over Greenland and the Sea Ice Distribution over North Atlantic

The sea-ice concentration in the Northern Hemisphere, 500 hPa height, sea-level pressure and 1000-500 hPa thickness of monthly mean data are examined for the period 1953-1989, with emphasis on the winter season.Relationships between large-scale patterns of atmospheric variability and sea-ice variability are investigated, making use of the correlation method. The analysis is conducted for the Atlantic sectors. In agreement with earlier studies based upon monthly mean data on sea-ice concentration, the strongest sea-ice pattern is composed of a dipole with opposing centers of action in the Davis Straits / Labrador Sea region and the Greenland and Barents Seas. Its temporal variability is strongly coupled to the atmospheric North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). The relationship between the two patterns is strongest with the atmosphere leading the ocean. The polarity of the NAO is associated with Greenland blocking episodes, during which the influence of the atmosphere is strong enough to temporarily halt the c     

测老庙盆地水中铀的存在形式及其找矿意义

本文通过热力学的计算方法,确定了测老庙盆地水中铀的存在形式,分析了铀在水中的迁移规律和沉淀条件。并应用饱和指数的找矿机理,对测老庙盆地的找矿前景提出了水文地球化学依据。     

应用MSS数字图像处理进行森林资源动态监测的探讨

本文探讨了应用多时相Landsat Mss图像进行森林动态监测的方法。研究了差值图像法、比值植被指数差值法、归一化植被指数差值法、多时相主分量分析法(垂直植被指数法)和分类比较法对提取森林动态变化信息的作用。结果表明,3种植被指数法都能较好地提取植被动态信息,可用于森林面积消长的动态监测。