贵州织金磷矿岩元素地球化学特征

采用电感耦合等离子体-质谱仪(ICP-MS)对贵州织金戈仲伍剖面戈仲伍组磷矿岩样品的微量、稀土元素含量进行了测定。戈仲伍组磷矿岩主要为生物碎屑白云岩、硅质磷块岩,普遍形成生物碎屑结构,以小壳类动物化石及藻类化石为主。分析结果表明,磷矿岩中As、Sb等微量元素富集,Co/Ni的比值为0.14,明显小于1;U/Th比值介于1.27~7.39之间,平均值为3.40;在lgw(U)-lgw(Th)关系图、Cr-Zr的关系图中样品点几乎都落在热水沉积区,表现出热水沉积成因的地球化学特征。磷矿岩中普遍富集稀土元素,含稀土总量∑REE较高,尤其富集Y重稀土元素;磷矿岩具Ce负异常,指示环境处于氧化程度相对较高状态;稀土元素北美页岩标准化模式曲线为帽状形态,指示在磷矿岩形成过程中有生物或有机质参与作用;磷矿岩普遍具Eu正异常、稀土总量较高、∑LREE/∑HREE比值较高的特征,暗示戈仲伍组磷矿岩具有正常海相沉积伴有海相热水沉积混合成因的特征。     

Chronology and Geochemistry of Volcanic Rocks in the Cretaceous Suifenhe Formation in Eastern Heilongjiang, China

Zircon U-Pb ages and geochemical data of volcanic rocks in the Suifenhe Formation in eastern Heilongjiang Province are reported, and their petrogenesis is discussed in this paper. The Suifenhe Formation mainly consists of basalt, andesite, and dacite. Zircon from andesite and dacite are euhedral in shape and show typical oscillatory zoning with high Th/U ratios (0.18-0.57), implying its magmatic origin. Zircon U-Pb dating results by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (LA-ICP-MS) indicate that the 206Pb/238U ages of zircons from andesite range within 105-106 Ma, yielding a weighted mean age of 105.5±0.8 Ma (n=14), and that 206Pb/238U ages of zircons from dacite are between 90-96 Ma, yielding a weighted mean age of 93.2±1.3 Ma (n =13). The volcanic rocks from the Suifenhe Formation are subalkaline series and show a calc-alkaline evolutionary trend with SiO2 content of 47.69%-65.47%, MgO contents of 1.42%-6.80% (Mg#= 45-53), and Na2O/K2O ratios of 1.83-3.63. They are characterized by enrichment in large ion lithophile elements (LILE) and light-rare-earth elements (LREE), depletion in heavy rare earth elements (HREE) and high field strength elements (HFSE) (e.g., Nb, Ta, Ti), and low initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7041-0.7057) and positiveεNd(t) values (039-4.08), implying that they could be derived from a depleted magma source. Taken together, these results suggest that the primary magma of the volcanic rocks might originate from partial melting of the mantle wedge metasomatized by fluids derived from subducted slab under a tectonic setting of active continental margin.     

A New Specimen of Liaoceratops yanzigouensis (Dinosauria:Neoceratopsia) from the Early Cretaceous of Liaoning Province, China

A new specimen of basal neoceratopsian dinosaur Liaoceratops yanzigouensis is described. The specimen comes from the Lujiatun Bed of the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation in Beipiao City of western Liaoning Province, and is represented by a very well preserved three-dimensional partial skull and mandible. It is also the smallest among the three specimens of L. yanzigouensis, and several features in the new specimen, such as the short preorbital length and the round rostroventral orbital rim, can be ontogenetically-related. The superb exposure of the palatal complex may be caused by the removing of its brain by a small predator in the contemporary Jehol Biota.     

阜新盆地东梁区浅层致密砂岩气气源岩特征

为了解阜新盆地浅层致密砂岩气成藏条件,应用有机岩石学和有机地球化学方法,对气源岩特征开展研究.认为该区浅层致密砂岩气气源岩为沙海组四段泥岩、沙海组三段煤层和泥岩;气源岩厚度大且埋藏浅(＜1500 m),有机质丰度高(TOC＞2%),生烃潜力强;有机质类型沙海组四段为Ⅲ(偏ⅡB)型干酪根,沙海组三段为Ⅲ型干酪根;气源对比显示沙海组三段和沙海组四段气源岩与沙海组三段浅层致密砂岩气同源,浅层致密砂岩气紧邻源岩.表明研究区气源岩能生成大量天然气,利于形成浅层致密砂岩气藏.     

陕南岚皋县柳家坡滑坡形成机制研究

柳家坡滑坡位于陕西岚皋县城北,属松散坡积物类滑坡。滑体为粘质砾砂土,渗透性差,受动水压力作用易发生流土;滑床为泥板岩和片岩。滑体和滑床工程地质性质差异明显,二者界面为滑体下滑的主滑面。该滑坡为一古滑坡,曾多次发生变形滑动,2003年在连续强降雨和坡脚切坡等因素诱发下重新活动,目前处于欠稳定状态,若遇强降雨仍有可能发生整体失稳。对陕西南秦岭区域滑坡调查表明无论是滑坡类型,还是滑坡体物质组成及变形规律,柳家坡滑坡在陕南都具有一定的代表性。     

断陷盆地缓坡带河流沉积砂体定量表征及控制因素分析:以霸县凹陷文安斜坡东营组三段为例

断陷湖盆缓坡河流成因砂体是重要的油气储集单元.根据岩心观察、钻井岩/电特征并结合地震沉积学方法,分析断陷湖盆缓坡河流沉积体系和砂体时空分布特征,能为油气精细勘探提供可靠的依据.研究表明,霸县凹陷文安斜坡中部东营组三段周期性地发育4条呈NE-SW辫-曲复合型河流沉积,由河道沉积、砂坝沉积和泛滥平原沉积3种亚相以及辫状河道...     

不纯碳酸盐岩的变质作用

不纯碳酸盐岩中的矿物共生组合与变质时的总压和二氧化碳分压密切相关。总压增高促使透闪石、透辉石和橄榄石等矿物生成温度增高。变质过程中岩石中流体成分的变化有两种极端情况,即渗滤作用和缓冲作用。渗滤作用下变质反应,变质矿物界线和变质矿物特征等均与缓冲作用下有所差异,以此可以区别它们。湖北宿松群和河北红旗营子群不纯大理岩是在渗滤作用下变质的。山西五台群板峪口组不纯大理岩是在缓冲加渗滤作用下变质的。     

对峡东莲沱组与湖南五强溪组对比问题的认识^＊

峡东莲沱组与湖南板溪群五强溪组或漠滨组之间的关系素有争议,湖南省地矿局区调队将峡东莲沱组与湖南五强溪组对比是值得商榷的问题。本文提出峡东莲沱组沉积时代应晚于长安亚冰期,应与富禄间冰期早期地层即石门县杨家坪渫水河组,湘北、湘西莲沱组及湘中江口组含铁砂岩段相当的认识。     

Relative sea-level fluctuations and brown coal formation around the Early-Middle Miocene boundary in the Lusatian Brown Coal District

The Tertiary sedimentary sequence in the Lusatian Brown Coal District is the result of several transgressive pulses with intercalated regressive phases. Regression repeatedly resulted in the formation of large littoral bogs at the transition between brackish and terrestrial palaeoenvironments. In the lithofacies changes of the Lower-Middle Miocene strata (high energy sands, low energy intertidal silts, paralic peats) long-term changes as well as short-term oscillations of sea level are recorded. The rise of sea level in the upper Lower Miocene (Hemmoorian transgression) is proved in numerous localities of the investigation area. After a regression phase with major peat formation events around the Lower-Middle Miocene boundary, a renewed sea-level rise resulted in the widest extension of marine-brackish beds over pre-Tertiary basement in the south of the region (higher Reinbekian transgression, Middle Miocene). Very differentiated, fine-scaled, probably sea-level induced coastline oscillations could probably be traced even into the coal seams by the recognition of successive bogfacial types possibly showing a groundwater level change in the ancient peat bog (change of topogeneous and ombrogeneous bog types). A biostratigraphic calibration of the decalcified Lower-Middle Miocene sequence with its alternating transgressive and regressive trends to the fully marine sediments of the basinal centre, which are dated by calcareous microfossils, is possible by means of dinoflagellate cysts and pollen and spores. Correspondence to: C. Strauss     

滇东黔西晚二叠世早期辫状河三角洲沉积体系及其聚煤特征

滇东黔西上二叠统底部发育着一套玄武岩质砾岩，本文针对云南富源和贵州盘县一带的底砾岩进行综合研究，认为这套砾岩为辫状河三角洲沉积，并进一步识别出砾质辫状河道、砂质辫状河道、砾质河口坝、砂质河口坝等沉积类型。文中还对该辫状河三角洲的沉积序列、发育背景以及与聚煤作用关系等问题做了一定分析，认为三角洲朵体之间地区以及在衰退的三角洲朵体之上成煤较好。