基坑开挖对周边环境影响的试验研究

通过基坑开挖的变形测量实例,观测到基坑开挖时坡后土体的沉降和水平位移具有相关性,可以由实测的土体水平位移推算坡后不同深度土层的沉降量,并分别从土体沉降量和沉降曲线的斜率两种特性来确定基坑开挖在坡后土体中产生形变的范围。在判断影响范围时,单纯以建筑物距基坑距离与基坑深度的比值b/H来确定不够准确,应同时考虑基础埋深和沉降分布曲线的形状。     

Eutrophication and warming-driven green tides (Ulva rigida) are predicted to increase under future climate change scenarios

The incidence and severity of extraordinary macroalgae blooms (green tides) are increasing. Here, climate change (ocean warming and acidification) impacts on life history and biochemical responses of a causative green tide species, Ulva rigida, were investigated under combinations of pH (7.95, 7.55, corresponding to lower and higher pCO₂), temperature (14, 18 °C) and nitrate availability (6 and 150 μmol L^? 1). The higher temperature accelerated the onset and magnitude of gamete settlement. Any two factor combination promoted germination and accelerated growth in young plants. The higher temperature increased reproduction, which increased further in combination with elevated pCO₂ or nitrate. Reproductive success was highest (64.4 ± 5.1%) when the upper limits of all three variables were combined. Biochemically, more protein and lipid but less carbohydrate were synthesized under higher temperature and nitrate conditions. These results suggest that climate change may cause more severe green tides, particularly when eutrophication cannot be effectively controlled.     

Effects of coal contamination on early life history processes of a reef-building coral,Acropora tenuis

Successful reproduction and larval dispersal are important for the persistence of marine invertebrate populations, and these early life history processes can be sensitive to marine pollution. Coal is emerging as a contaminant of interest due to the proximity of ports and shipping lanes to coral reefs. To assess the potential hazard of this contaminant, gametes, newly developed embryos, larvae and juveniles of the coral Acropora tenuis were exposed to a range of coal leachate, suspended coal, and coal smothering treatments. Fertilisation was the most sensitive reproductive process tested. Embryo survivorship decreased with increasing suspended coal concentrations and exposure duration, effects on larval settlement varied between treatments, while effects on juvenile survivorship were minimal. Leachate exposures had negligible effects on fertilisation and larval settlement. These results indicate that coral recruitment could be affected by spills that produce plumes of suspended coal particles which interact with gametes and embryos soon after spawning.     

双极化Sentinel-1数据在昆明市沉降监测中的应用

针对多数学者用VV极化的Sentinel-1数据对城市区域进行监测而忽略VH极化数据的问题,本文利用SBAS-InSAR方法,结合28景双极化(VV极化和VH极化)Sentinel-1数据,得到了昆明市2018年8月—2019年7月间的地面沉降情况,并且对两种极化的沉降监测结果进行对比.结果表明昆明市主城区存在着较为明显的沉降现象,部分区域沉降严重形成明显的沉降漏斗.最大年平均沉降速率达到-53.63 mm/a(VV极化)和-53.67 mm/a (VH极化).对两种极化的数据集进行对比,发现在SDFP点的筛选和获取方面,VV极化数据集要优于VH极化数据集;其次,VV极化数据和VH极化数据的沉降速率、沉降分布及趋势等结果呈现出一致性,但是二者在同一时间段的各个监测节点的沉降时序变化存在着差异.     

长短桩组合型复合地基优化设计方法研究

在软土地基上建造建(构)筑物需要进行地基处理,复合地基是一种行之有效的地基处理方式。工程上一般对地基浅层土的承载力要求较高,而深层只需满足下卧层强度要求即可。长短桩复合地基可做到浅层置换率高,深部置换率低,这样就合理地满足了软弱地基不同深度对承载力的要求。同时长短桩复合地基浅部置换率高,加固区复合地基模量大,深部置换率低,复合地基模量较低,正好适应浅部附加应力大,深部附加应力小的应力场,这样对减少软弱地基总沉降有利。本文探讨了长短桩复合地基优化设计方法,提出了长短桩复合地基优化设计数学模型,并利用复合形法求解优化设计数学模型,同时给出了优化设计计算算例,计算结果表明,此优化设计方法不仅可有效地保证长短桩复合地基设计方案技术上可靠,还可获得最佳的经济效益。     

Centrifuge simulation of the consolidation characteristics of capped marine sediment beds

Marine sediment capping is a technique where clean sand or sediment is placed over contaminated sediment to reduce the migration of contaminants to the environment. Environmental regulations have limited the use of in situ sediment capping due to concerns about the contaminant migration through the cap. A series of centrifuge tests were conducted to simulate the effects of consolidation settlement of capped marine sediment. This study describes the testing and monitoring of the centrifuge tests. The results from the centrifuge tests are interpreted and compared to predictions made by the PSDDF computer program, which can qualitatively estimate the consolidation settlement of capped marine sediment.

Centrifuge tests were utilized to predict the consolidation of marine sediment caused by the placement of a capping layer. The centrifuge tests used the modeling of models technique to verify that correct modeling procedures were utilized. In this study, the maximum deviation between the centrifuge test results and PSDDF prediction was 20%. Thus, designers should utilize PSDDF consolidation settlement results with caution. Dye tracer studies showed the importance of consolidation-induced advective transport of contaminants. Thus, the capping layer must be appropriately designed to reduce the effects of consolidation-induced advective transport. This may be accomplished by adding a reactive barrier or geosynthetic barrier layer to the cap design.     

地基沉降计算新方法的探索

目前地基沉降理论计算方法基本上把沉降分段计算,事实上,主、次固结沉降是同时发生的。本文在实践基础上提出用静力触探法和瞬态R波法进行地基沉降计算,通过理论推导并与实测资料进行对比,论证了这两种方法都是快捷有效且具有发展前途的方法。     

黄土场地大型浸水试验湿陷沉降预测的Elman方法

收集郑西高速铁路湿陷性黄土场地现场大型浸水试验资料,运用MATLAB建立了黄土场地湿陷沉降的Elman神经网络预测模型。通过对样本的训练和预测,表明该模型预测的结果与实际湿陷沉降比较接近,是一种比较理想的预测方法。     

基于正交试验的复合地基沉降影响因素分析

结合苏北滨海平原连云港地区海相沉积的软土粘粒含量大、海侵海退、多夹层等特点及某高速公路沉降观测资料,考虑复合地基段沉降效果良好、固结显著, 对水泥搅拌桩处理海相软土地基实测累计沉降的影响因素进行单因素和多因素分析。在正交设计理论的基础上, 提出似正交设计方法并重点对软土厚度、预压方式、填土高度、桩长和桩间距进行多因素分析, 计算证明了预压方式和填土高度对水泥土桩复合地基加固软土地基的实测累计沉降的显著影响, 建议在该工程软土厚度范围变化不大的地段, 应优先调整预压方式并控制填土高度。     

Revisiting the effect of foundation embedment on elastic settlement: A new approach

The effect of foundation embedment on settlement calculation is a widely researched topic in which there is no scientific consensus regarding the magnitude of settlement reduction. In this paper, a non-linear three dimensional Finite Element analysis has been performed with the aim of evaluating the aforementioned effect. For this purpose, 1800 models were run considering different variables, such as the depth and dimensions of the foundation and the Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio of the soil. The settlements from models with foundations at surface level and at depth were then compared and the relationship between them established. The statistical analysis of this data allowed two new expressions, with a mean maximum error of 1.80%, for the embedment influence factor of a foundation to be proposed and these to be compared with commonly used corrections. The proposed equations were validated by comparing the settlements calculated with the proposed influence factors and the true settlements measured in several real foundations. From the comprehensive study of all modelled cases, an improved approach, when compared to those proposed by other authors, for the calculation of the true elastic settlements of an embedded foundation is proposed.