软基沉降观测及其数据处理方法

简述了高速公路软基沉降观测及其数据处理的目的和意义；介绍了沉降观测的布点原则；提出了高速公路软基沉降观测的技术要求；介绍了基于VB的高速公路软基沉降观测数据处理软件；在实际工程中，由于种种原因，会造成沉降观测数据不连续。本文就沉降观测数据不连续时的沉降量估算提出了三种处理方法，在实际工程应用中起到了较大的作用。     

实散组合桩承载原理及应用

本文提出了实散组合桩概念,即一根桩由上下两段组成,上段是实体桩,下段是散体桩。这样就克服了散体桩通常桩头承载能力低的缺陷。本文对实散组合桩的受力概念进行了分析研究,给出了其承载力、沉降、临界桩长等计算方法和公式。最后介绍了首次工程实例。     

Prediction of pile settlement using artificial neural networks based on standard penetration test data

In recent years artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been applied to many geotechnical engineering problems with some degree of success. With respect to the design of pile foundations, accurate prediction of pile settlement is necessary to ensure appropriate structural and serviceability performance. In this paper, an ANN model is developed for predicting pile settlement based on standard penetration test (SPT) data. Approximately 1000 data sets, obtained from the published literature, are used to develop the ANN model. In addition, the paper discusses the choice of input and internal network parameters which were examined to obtain the optimum model. Finally, the paper compares the predictions obtained by the ANN with those given by a number of traditional methods. It is demonstrated that the ANN model outperforms the traditional methods and provides accurate pile settlement predictions.     

超浅层顶管施工诱发地表沉降规律分析

随着社会化进程的推进,顶管法在各类城市地下管线的施工中得到广泛应用。超浅层顶管施工。绝大多数是在已建道路下进行的,施工时,易发生地表沉降,且沉降量很大,易破坏路面。为此,超浅层顶管施工对周围环境的影响已引起人们足够的重视,其施工及控制技术是目前迫切需要掌握的。利用有限差分软件FLAC3D对顶管施工过程中地表沉降进行模拟,旨在了解超浅层顶管施工引起的力学效应。对超浅层顶管施工引起的地表沉降作出预测,为采取措施减小地表沉降提供依据。     

路堤荷载下碎石桩处理软基沉降计算

以沉降控制为目的的碎石桩复合地基,其沉降计算在设计、施工中具有重要地位。本文基于典型的桩土单元体模型,建立了复合地基体积压缩系数与复合地基弹性模量的关系,考虑施工中的时间因素及相应的固结度对沉降的影响,提出相应的沉降计算公式,并结合四川省遂-资高速公路软基变形监测的数据进一步验证其可行性。研究表明本算法计算值比实测沉降约大10% ～20%。填筑过程中,计算沉降历时曲线与实测曲线拟合较好,更接近实测值;在此基础上,初步探讨了影响路堤荷载下碎石桩处理软基沉降变化的因素,得出桩径、桩间距对其影响较为明显。同时结合本例,建议布桩时桩间距与桩径比值最好控制在2～4之间。     

Settlement over peat on the A5 at Pant Dedwydd near Cerrigydrudion, North Wales

The A5 London to Holyhead trunk road suffers from large and varied settlements at Pant Dedwydd where it crosses a geotrophic peat bog developed on the glacial drift that overlies bedrock of Silurian Denbigh Grits Group. Recent carriageway settlements have created an undulating profile over a 100 m stretch, restricting forward visibility and posing recurring and persistent difficulties for highway maintenance. The highly compressible peat underlies almost 400 m of highway, ranges up to 7 m deep and a typical profile consists of an upper sphagnum peat layer and a basal reedy, woody and sedge grass peat. The highway was originally constructed by Thomas Telford in 1819 as a low floating embankment over the organic terrain. Increases in traffic over the intervening period together with successive asphalt overlays have resulted in a history of major repairs and although records are incomplete it is likely that the carriageway is now over 2 m thick over parts of the bog. Comprehensive geological investigations carried out to characterize the peat deposit included dynamic probe holes, boreholes and a trial pit. No unusual subsurface conditions were identified. However, scrub willow or grey sallow (Salix cinerea) was observed growing in spiraea thickets alongside the deepest hollows in the highway. The willows may contribute to the road subsidence by extraction of water from the peat beneath the carriageway. Accordingly, removal of the scrub willow and conventional re-grading of the carriageway have been recommended to correct the existing problem.     

High resolution paleoenvironmental and chronological investigations of Norse landnám at Tasiusaq, Eastern Settlement, Greenland

High-resolution paleoenvironmental data from a peat profile with a small pollen source area are used to reconstruct the impacts of landnám on vegetation and soils at a Norse farm complex (∅2 at Tasiusaq) comprising two farms in the Eastern Settlement of Greenland. Analyses include the AMS ¹⁴C dating of plant macrofossil samples and the use of Bayesian radiocarbon calibration to construct improved age-depth models for Norse cultural horizons. The onset of a regional landnám may be indicated by the clearance of Betula pubescens woodland immediately prior to local settlement. The latter is dated to AD 950-1020 (2σ) and is characterised by possible burning of Betula glandulosa scrub to provide grassland pasture for domestic stock. Clearance and grazing resulted in accelerated levels of soil erosion at a westerly farm. This was followed by an easterly migration of settlement and agriculture. Site constraints prevent an assessment of the demise of the easterly farm, but pressures of overgrazing and land degradation may have been the major factors responsible for the abandonment of the earlier farm.     

非等步长GM(1,1)模型在建筑物变形监测中的应用研究

将灰色系统理论应用于建筑物变形监测数据分析,针对观测周期的不确定性因素,提出使用非等步长GM(1,1)模型进行监测,并用最小二乘法求解模型参数,给出模型精度的检验方法,并以实际的建筑物的沉降观测数据为例说明应用此方法的全部过程,将分析和预测结果与传统GM模型进行比对,获得了更好的拟合数据和预测数据,且精度更高。     

劲芯水泥土桩复合地基工程性能数值分析

劲芯水泥土桩是在水泥土桩成桩后, 将小直径的混凝土芯桩插入水泥土桩中, 形成一种混凝土芯与水泥土共同工作的新型复合材料桩, 特别适用于深厚软土地区的路基处理工程。目前针对劲芯水泥土桩复合地基的研究大多集中在刚性基础下单桩或单桩复合地基的工程性能, 对于其在柔性基础下的力学特性研究成果较少。本文采用有限单元法研究了路堤荷载下劲芯水泥土桩的工程性能。首先, 通过与现场实测数据的对比分析验证了模型的可靠性, 而后基于验证后的数值分析模型, 开展了路堤荷载下劲芯水泥土桩复合地基工程性能相关影响因素的研究, 包括芯长比、含芯率和桩间距。研究发现, 增大芯长比、减小桩间距能够有效减小地基沉降, 并在一定程度上增大荷载分担比。本文的研究成果对于劲芯水泥土桩的工程应用具有一定的指导价值。     

北极地区200海里外大陆架划界法律问题研究

随着北极冰盖的融化,开采北极蕴藏丰富的石油、矿产资源越来越具有现实可行性,北极地区200海里外大陆架划界问题日益成为各国关注的热点.分析北极地区200海里外大陆架划界的国际法基础、主要法律问题以及学界对解决该问题的建议,认为200海里外大陆架划界不可能通过某一特定程序一次性解决,而是现有国际法框架内各国共同参与、区分不...