一种基于小波变换的图像融合方法

针对传统基于方向对比度的小波变换融合方法所得结果局部区域清晰度不高的问题,本文在高低频分量的处理方法上作了改进,采用Tenunbaum梯度辅助增强图像的细节信息。试验结果表明,该方法所得融合结果边缘细节更清晰,信息量更大,融合效果较好。     

城市地理信息系统空间基础数据建设探讨

本文通过分析城市地理信息系统基础数据的主要组成、基础数据的数据特性和数据结构，提出了常用数据格式(如DGN、DXF等)到ARC／INFO数据格式转换、入库的技术实现路线，为GIS基础数据的生产、更新雏护和应用提供了一种方法和思路。     

云南来利山锡矿床黄铁矿标型矿物学研究

来利山锡矿床位于喜马拉雅—特提斯构造域东端,三江构造带南段西缘,是滇西地区著名的锡多金属矿床之一。为探讨矿床成因,进而为找矿勘探提供科学依据,对该矿床黄铁矿进行标型矿物学研究。来利山锡矿成矿阶段发育大量黄铁矿,采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对黄铁矿进行研究,发现黄铁矿存在不同程度的类质同象取代现象,不同成矿阶段的黄铁矿图谱和吸光度均存在一定差异,从第一阶段到第四阶段特征峰向短波方向漂移; 成矿阶段黄铁矿吸光度比值与成矿阶段呈规律性变化。上述成果对该区进一步找矿具有指导意义。     

Experimental analysis of infragravity waves in two eroded microtidal beaches

This work aims to contribute to the characterization and understanding of infragravity waves on two beaches with erosion problems. For this reason, we have used an array of ADCP and a pressure sensor to measure wave parameters and pressure inside and outside of the surf zone during the dry and rainy period in the beaches of Galerazamba and Manzanillo del Mar (both dissipative and eroded beaches) located in the Colombian Caribbean coast. Based on these measurements, we have carried out a spectral analysis in order to identify the frequency components that characterize the wave and its energy; thus, we identified the characteristic frequencies of infragravity waves to finally filter the infragravity signal on each beach in different seasonal periods. Among the results of the Welch spectrum applied to surface elevation time series, we found that, the frequencies'' energy of the sea-swell band decreases due to bottom friction and wave breaking as the wave approaches the shore, while the frequencies'' energy of the infragravity band increases significantly. In addition, for the wavelet analysis, we could observe how the energy of the infragravity band, especially the lowest frequencies gain energy as the waves approaches the coast. Furthermore, based on the infragravity wave obtained from the extreme wave event registered during the field campaign we can conclude that the contribution of this signal is important in the erosion problems presented in the beaches of Galerazamba and Manzanillo del Mar. Finally, these results show the need to realize other studies that allow us to understand deeply, the role of infragravity waves on the morphological changes that occurs in these beaches.     

Semi-analytical solutions to one-dimensional consolidation for unsaturated soils with symmetric semi-permeable drainage boundary

This paper presents semi-analytical solutions to Fredlund and Hasan’s one-dimensional consolidation for unsaturated soils under symmetric semi-permeable drainage boundary conditions. Two variables are introduced to transform two coupled governing equations of pore-air and pore-water pressures into an equivalent set of partial differential equations, which are easily solved by the Laplace transform. Then, the pore-air and pore-water pressures, and soil settlement are obtained in the Laplace domain. Crump’s method is adopted to perform the inverse Laplace transform in order to obtain semi-analytical solutions in time domain. It is shown that the present solution is more applicable to various types of drainage boundary conditions, and in a good agreement with existing solutions from the literature. Furthermore, several numerical examples are provided to investigate the consolidation behavior of an unsaturated single-layer soil with traditional drainage boundary (single or double), and single-sided and double-sided semi-permeable drainage boundaries. Finally, it illustrates the changes in pore-air and pore-water pressures and soil settlement with time at different values of symmetric semi-permeable drainage boundary conditions parameters. In addition, parametric studies are conducted by the variations of pore-air and pore-water pressures at different ratios of air-water permeability coefficient and the depth.     

基于五叉树分解与多特征直方图匹配的高分辨遥感图像检索

随着遥感图像数量的急剧增加,如何进行高效检索已成为遥感图像信息提取和共享的瓶颈问题,基于内容的遥感图像检索因此逐渐成为了研究热点。本文提出了一种新的遥感图像检索方法,该方法综合利用了图像的色调和纹理特征。其基本过程是:首先,对图像进行主成分变换,对变化后的第一主成分图像进行五叉树分解,将大幅面的遥感图像分成一系列的子图像;然后,利用多通道Gabor滤波器与子图像做卷积运算,提取其纹理特征,同时计算像元值的方差和三阶矩作为各子图像的色调特征;最后,以子图像为特征基元,构建图像的色调直方图和纹理直方图,以多特征直方图匹配方法计算图像相似度实现遥感图像检索。利用高分辨率遥感影像的检索实验证明该方法是有效的。     

基于功率谱获取海浪波长波向算法的改进

提出一种针对基于海浪图像功率谱获取海浪波长和波向的改进算法。算法首先假定海浪功率谱是一个密度不均匀的薄片平面,然后寻找其重心坐标,该坐标可等效为海浪主频位置,从而能够快速准确地得到海浪波长和波向。并经过大量的实验,验证该方法能够很好地解决基于二维傅里叶变换获取海浪图像波长、波向时主频不明显和大量频率分量没用上等缺点。     

一种基于分数阶傅里叶变换的改进图像加密算法

针对目前基于分数阶傅里叶变换的图像加密算法中存在的不足,设计了一种基于分数阶傅里叶变换和混沌系统的图像加密新算法。图像加密过程分两个步骤：首先将原始图像的分数阶傅里叶变换系数经过双随机相位加密,然后利用混沌系统生成的置乱矩阵对图像进行置乱加密后得到最终的加密图像。方案的安全性依赖于随机相位掩膜、分数阶傅里叶变换阶数以及混沌系统的初始参数。理论分析和模拟实验结果表明该方案具有良好的图像加密效果。     

一种基于小波变换的遥感影像道路自动提取方法

遥感影像上道路的自动提取是摄影测量与遥感、计算机视觉等领域的重要课题。本文通过对图像小波系数的分析,完成道路节点的提取。随后利用基于小波变换的边缘提取算子,对道路进行边缘提取。边缘提取出来之后,以道路节点为种子点,对道路进行Snake跟踪。为保证提取效果,对图像进行了预处理。实验表明,利用本文提出的理论与方法能为道路网的自动提取与识别提供一个可靠的依据,同时也对其他地物(如建筑物)的自动提取提供一个有价值的参考。     

基于泊松碟采样的地震数据压缩重建

在地震资料处理领域,数据的压缩和重建是非常重要的问题,但往往由于数据的严重缺失或采样原因而达不到理想的效果.新发展起来的压缩感知理论为重建欠采样数据提供了可能,而选用合适的采样方法是其中的关键技术之一.本文基于傅里叶变换和压缩感知理论,采用泊松碟采样,对不完整地震数据进行恢复重建.数值实验表明,与传统的单纯随机采样方法相比,泊松碟采样方法在保持采样随机性的同时,使采样点的分布更加均匀,有效地调节了采样间距,从而达到更好的恢复效果,可以有效地指导地震数据采集设计及重建.