Feasibility of partial replacement of fishmeal with proteins from different sources in diets of Korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli)

An 8-week feeding experiment was conducted in an indoor recirculation seawater system to investigate the effects of partial replacement of dietary fishmeal with proteins from five sources on the growth performance and feed utilization of Sebastes schlegeli. Six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated using fishmeal (FM, the control) as sole protein source, or proteins from five sources including poultry by-product meal (PBM), meat and bone meal (MBM), soybean meal (SBM), cottonseed meal (CSM) and canola meal (CNM). Fifteen percent of the crude protein provided by fish meal was replaced, respectively. The results showed that the differences in specific growth rate (SGR) and survival rate (SR) among fish fed PBM, MBM, SBM, CSM and whole FM diets were not significant. However, SGR and SR of fish fed CNM diet was significantly lower than that of other treatments. Feeding rate, feed conversion, nutrient retention showed similar patterns to that of growth. Fish fed CSM and CNM showed significantly lower apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of dry matter and gross energy than those fed others while fish fed CNM showed lower ADC of crude protein than those fed others (P<0.05). These results suggested that it was feasible to substitute 15% dietary protein provided by fishmeal with PBM, MBM, SBM and CSM, respectively, but not with CNM as the replacement with CNM reduced fish growth and feed utilization.     

许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegelii)EST-SSR标记开发及通用性检测

利用已发表的EST序列设计引物并结合PCR筛选的方法,对许氏平鲉多态EST-SSR引物进行了开发。结果表明:(1)许氏平鲉EST-SSR位点发现率为9.14%,核心序列以二碱基重复出现频率最高,占到33.03%,其中以TG/CA基序最为丰富。(2)共设计引物56对,46对实现有效扩增,其中18对具有多态性。(3)野生群体遗传多样性分析显示,每个位点观测等位基因数(Na)为2—9,平均观测等位基因数为3.89;观测杂合度(Ho)、期望杂合度(He)及平均值分别是0.0333—0.8000、0.0333—0.7927和0.3037、0.3757;每个位点的多态信息含量(PIC)在0.0323—0.7522之间,其中高度多态位点5个,中度多态位点5个;经Bonferroni校正后,3个位点显著偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡,但两两位点间不存在连锁不平衡现象。(4)许氏平鲉多态EST-SSR引物对朝鲜平鲉、褐菖鲉通用性检测结果表明,引物对二者的通用率和多态率分别为88.89%、100.00%和33.33%、88.89%。研究表明,这些通用引物可用于相关物种的遗传多样性评价、系统进化分析和比较基因组作图等研究。     

LED光谱对许氏平鲉视网膜形态的影响

光作为一个复杂的环境因子,对鱼类的存活、摄食、生长及视觉均产重要影响。为了探究LED光谱对许氏平鲉(Sebastods schlegelii)视网膜结构和视网膜各层细胞数目与厚度的影响,本文选取1 000尾许氏平鲉幼鱼(体质量为38.80±0.43 g、体长为10.20±0.17 cm)分别养殖在5种光谱下(蓝光(λ450 nm)、绿光(λ525 nm)、黄光(λ590 nm)、白光(λ460 nm)、红光(λ630 nm)),其中白光组为对照组,其余4组为处理组。经过为期60 d的处理后,分别对各组的视网膜进行取样观察。结果表明:不同的LED光谱对许氏平鲉的视网膜结构未产生影响,但各个光谱下视网膜细胞数目略有差别,在5种不同光谱条件下,在单位面积(100μm×100μm)内,蓝光组内网层细胞数量(24.33±2.08)显著低于白光组(P<0.05);红光组外核层细胞数量(33.33±3.51)显著低于除白光组外的其他各组(P<0.05),通过对比各个光谱下视网膜各层细胞数量可得,蓝光组与红光组数量最少,其他各层差异不大。综上所述,饲养于不同光谱处理组的许氏平鲉幼鱼的视网膜...     

氨氮急性胁迫对许氏平鲉血液生化指标影响

采用96 h半静态毒性实验，研究了许氏平鲉幼鱼的氨氮耐受性和氨氮胁迫下血液生化指标的变化规律。结果表明，在水温（18.6±0.5）℃，pH 7.85，盐度30和溶氧（8.6±0.5） mg/L的条件下，平均体质量（63.60±10.14） g、平均全长（15.90±3.29） cm的许氏平鲉幼鱼总氨（TAN）和非离子氨（NH₃-N）96 h的半致死浓度（LC₅₀）分别为18.01 mg/L和0.27 mg/L，安全浓度（SC）分别为1.80 mg/L和0.03 mg/L。设定TAN为0、3.5、10和20 mg/L 4个浓度梯度，对同等规格苗种进行96 h急性胁迫实验，血液生化指标的双因素方差分析表明：氨氮浓度、暴露时间及两者交互作用对血浆血糖（GLU）、血氨（PA）、还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）、碱性磷酸酶（AKP）和谷草转氨酶（AST）含量/活性存在显著影响，两者交互作用对血浆皮质醇（Cor）和谷丙转氨酶（ALT）含量/活性无显著影响，暴露时间对血浆胆固醇（TCH）无显著影响；其中，血浆GLU、GSH、AKP随处理时间延长呈先升后降趋势，随氨氮浓度升高响应时间提前；PA浓度与环境TAN浓度正相关。相关研究结果可为许氏平鲉幼鱼的养殖管理和苗种运输提供指导，血浆GLU、GSH、PA和AKP可作为许氏平鲉氨氮胁迫的敏感指标。