基于AGA的SVM需水预测模型研究

需水预测是一个由城市人口、工业水平、社会经济水平共同作用的多因素、多层次的复杂非线性系统.其结果将直接影响受区域水资源承载力约束的产业结构、布局形态等决策.作为一种集中参数预报方法,支持向量机方法具有对未来样本的较好的泛化性能,对于这类资料缺乏、系统结构尚欠清晰的问题可以取得较好的模拟和预测结果.基于此,本文将支持向量机方法引入需水预测领域,建立了需水预测支持向量机模型.同时,本文将加速遗传算法和支持向量机方法耦合起来,构造了支持向量机模型参数的自适应优化算法.模型在珠海市的应用实例表明:与简单遗传算法比较,AGA的模型参数寻优效率更高;与BP神经网络模型相比,SVM模型较好地解决了小样本、经验性等问题,并取得了较高的预测精度.     

新疆叶尔羌河流域地下水同位素特征及其补给来源分析

笔者以新疆叶尔羌河流域为例,在研究区水文地质调查的基础上,根据不同区域、不同深度D、~(18)O和T值的变化分析地下水补给来源.解决了传统研究方法很难解决的问题.为干旱地区地下水起源及空间分布规律研究提供了新思路。研究结果表明:(1)研究区地下水不是来自大气降水的直接入渗,而是地表水渗漏补给。(2)流域分为两个独立的地下水循环系统,分别接受叶尔羌河与提孜那甫河河水补给。(3)潜水和承压水的起源相同,属统一的地下水系统。(4)地下水径流表现为倾斜平原区径流强烈,地下水以水平运动为主;细土平原区地下水径流迟缓,地下水以垂直蒸发运动为主.径流方向与地表水流向密切相关。     

豫南灵山岩体铀矿化特征

地处豫南的灵山岩体,分布着丰富的矿产资源。笔者以灵山岩体铀矿化分布特征为切入点,阐述灵山岩体铀矿化特征。该岩体铀矿化受构造、裂隙的控制,有利成矿部位在岩体中构造带与脉岩相交复合部位,矿化富集地段多含铁质、锰质和泥质,且热液蚀变发育。铀源来自岩体。具有4种矿化类型。总结其矿化特征,对豫南新县岩体、商城岩体的找矿具有一定指导意义。     

西秦岭熊山沟岩体地球化学及构造环境分析

在区域地质调查及综合研究的基础上,对位于西秦岭天水东南部地区的原百花岩体进行了详细的岩石学、岩石地球化学、岩体接触关系、同位素年龄研究,从中解体出熊山沟岩体,并初步了解了该岩体的岩浆活动规律。熊山沟岩体早期岩石类型为斜长花岗岩,岩石化学成分K2O含量较低,K2O∕Na2O比值为0.33～0.42;晚期岩石类型为二长花岗岩,岩石相对富集K2O,K2O∕Na2O比值为1.01～1.43,岩石属拉斑-钙碱性系列;微量元素富集Th、Hf、Nb、Zr等元素;稀土元素以富集轻稀土,无铕负异常或铕负异常不明显为主要特征;氧同位素值较低（δ^18O为＋3.32‰）,岩石具Ⅰ型花岗岩的特征,岩浆来源于下地壳物质,形成于大陆弧构造环境。     

东菲律宾海深水铁锰结壳发育站位沉积物的粒度及黏土矿物学特征

大洋铁锰结壳是潜在的重要海洋资源,多年来世界各国对此已作了大量调查.传统意义上的铁锰结壳均分布于3000m水深以浅的海山基岩上.中国科学院海洋研究所在对东菲律宾海的地质调查中采集到大量褐黑色深水铁锰结壳.在300多个站位的取样中,在44个站位采集到结壳样品,可见结壳在研究区的分布较为广泛.该结壳发育于4000~5000m水深的致密至半固结沉积物的表层,厚度一般为2~3cm,最厚可达7cm.结壳为板(层)状.     

采用碳氮稳定同位素技术对黄海中南部鳗鱼食性的研究

根据2005年4～5月在黄海和长江口海域进行的春季底拖网调查，应用稳定同位素方法研究了黄海中南部鯷鱼（Engraulis　japonicus）及其可能摄食饵料的碳氮稳定同位素比值，结果表明：（1）黄海中南部鯷鱼的食物组成为不同粒径的浮游动物、太平洋磷虾（Euphausia pacifuca）和仔稚鱼，其中以粒径为500-900μm的浮游动物为主，贡献比例占61％～84％；仔稚鱼贡献比例占16％～21％，较传统胃含物方法分析的结果小；（2）黄海中部海域鯷鱼的碳氮稳定同位素比值平均值较南部海域高，原因可能与各海域的能量来源不同或存在微食物环有关，也可能与不同海域鯷鱼的能量转换途径不一样，即与食物链长短不一有关．     

烟台港和邻近锚地及其入境船舶压舱水中的浮游植物

本文根据2003年5月到2004年4月间烟台港和邻近锚地水域及其船舶压舱水中的浮游植物调查资料,对浮游植物的群落结构和压舱水对其影响进行了初步研究。结果表明,烟台港和临近锚地的浮游植物群落主要由温带沿岸性物种组成,以硅藻为主,还有少量甲藻和金藻;对比船舶压舱水中浮游植物群落发现:压舱水中浮游植物群落和本地群落的结构有很大差异,有害物种在压舱水中出现的频率较高。     

Reduction of hydroelastic responses of a very-long floating structure by a floating oscillating-water-column breakwater system

The hydroelastic responses of a very-long floating structure (VLFS) placed behind a reverse T-shape freely floating breakwater with a built-in oscillating water column (OWC) chamber are analyzed in two dimensions. The Bernoulli–Euler beam equation is coupled with the equations of rigid and elastic motions of the breakwater and the VLFS. The interaction of waves between the floating rigid breakwater and the elastic VLFS is formulated in a consistent manner. It has been shown numerically that the structural deflections of the VLFS can be reduced significantly by a suitably designed reverse T-shape floating breakwater.     

Diurnal changes in the bio-optical properties of the phytoplankton in the Alborán Sea (Mediterranean Sea)

The changes in the phytoplankton absorption properties during a diurnal cycle were investigated at one station located in the north-western area of the Alborán Sea. The experiment was performed in spring when the water column was strongly stratified. This hydrological situation permitted the establishment of a deep chlorophyll a (chl a) fluorescence maximum (DFM) which was located on average close to the lower limit of the mixed layer and the nutricline. The relative abundance of pico-phytoplankton (estimated as its contribution to the total chl a) was higher in the surface, however, micro-phytoplankton dominated the community at the DFM level. Chl a specific absorption coefficient (a*(λ)) also varied with optical depth, with a* (the spectrally average specific absorption coefficient) decreasing by 30% at the DFM depth with respect to the surface. A significant negative correlation between the contribution of the micro-phytoplankton to the total chl a and a* was obtained indicating that a* reduction was due to changes in the packaging effect. Below the euphotic layer, a* increased three-fold with respect to the DFM, which agrees with the expected accumulation of accessory pigments relative to chl a as an acclimation response to the low available irradiance. The most conspicuous change during the diurnal cycle was produced in the euphotic layer where the chl a concentration decreased significantly in the afternoon (from a mean concentration of 1.1 μg L⁻¹ to 0.7 μg L⁻¹) and increased at dusk when it averaged 1.4 μg L⁻¹. In addition, a* and the blue-to-red absorption band ratio increased in the afternoon. These results suggest that a*(λ) diurnal variability was due to increase in photo-protective and accessory pigments relative to chl a. The variation ranges of a*(λ) at 675 and 440 nm (the absorption peaks in the red and blue spectral bands, respectively) in the euphotic layer were 0.01–0.04 and 0.02–0.10 m² mg⁻¹ chl a, respectively. Approximately 30% out of this variability can be attributed to the diurnal cycle. This factor should therefore be taken into account in refining primary production models based on phytoplankton light absorption.