Geographic Information Technologies + Project-Based Science: A Contextualized Professional Development Approach

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of using a long-duration, project-based science professional development model on the acquisition of declarative knowledge and basic terminology associated with the use of geographic information technologies (GIT), teachers' self-assessed confidence in using GIT skills, and the implementation of GIT in participants' classrooms. Results suggest that a long-duration, project-based science model was effective in teaching GIT declarative knowledge and raising teachers' self-confidence in using GIT tools. The academy was funded through a grant from the US Department of Education with additional support from Environmental Science Resources Institute (ESRI), Inc., and members of the New Mexico Geographic Information Council.     

气象科学数据共享平台山西分节点的设计与实现

科学数据是信息时代最基本、影响面最广的科技创新资源之一，具有明显的潜在价值，实现科学数据最大价值的关键是数据的流动、共享和广泛应用。气象数据是科学数据的重要组成部分，因此气象科学数据共享系统建设被科技部列为九个试点之一。本平台的设计与实现宗旨是实施科学数据共享，整合零散的数据资源，完善共享的保障体系，并切实提高我国的科技竞争能力。     

“第三届中国科学技术协会优秀科技论文”评选揭晓

正为深入贯彻落实党的"十九大"精神,服务创新型国家建设,和习近平总书记关于"把论文写在祖国大地上"号召,引导更多高水平科研成果在我国科技期刊首发,提高我国科技期刊汇聚科学发现、引领学科发展、培育顶尖人才的能力,中国科协组织开展了第三届全国优秀科技论文遴选活动,2018年共有95篇论文入选。中国现有5000多种科技期刊,中国科协将其划分为数理化与交叉学科集群、地球科学集群、预防与中医药集群、临     

Modelling risk and risking models: The diffusive boundary between science and policy in volcanic risk management

This article examines the science–policy interface in volcanic risk assessment. It analyses empirical data from research on Montserrat, where new volcanic risk assessment methodologies were pioneered. We discuss the ways in which these methods contributed towards the ordering of scientific advice in its geographical context, and we provide examples of the complex and overlapping topologies that are assembled in a volcanic eruption. In this case, the science–policy interface can be conceptualised as diffusive: both science and policy contain multiple overlapping networks of actors, objects and ideas that interact with one another through flows of responsibilities, attribution, identity and interpretation. Volcanic risk management involves negotiation of conceptual, relational and physical boundaries, and as a result requires the use of qualitative and quantitative methods across human and physical geography.     

Cretaceous amber inclusions of Spain and Myanmar demonstrate early diversification and wide dispersal of Cephenniitae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae)

The taxonomic status of previously misplaced species of an ant-like stone beetle from Spanish amber (Albian) is clarified. Specimens of Kachinus magnificus (originally placed as incertae sedis within Scydmaenitae) were re-examined and their characters were found different from those of the type species of Kachinus from Myanmar amber. Consequently, Archeutheia gen. nov. is proposed to accommodate the Spanish species, resulting in Archeutheia magnifica comb. nov. Moreover, in a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis Archeutheia was placed as a sister group to extant Eutheia, within the tribe Eutheiini of Cephenniitae. A specimen of an undetermined genus from Myanmar amber clearly belonging in Cephenniini is also recorded. Both taxa represent the first definite Cretaceous Cephenniitae, a supertribe whose recent members are distributed on all continents but are especially diverse in the Oriental and East Palaearctic regions. This finding demonstrates a diversification of two presently most species-rich tribes of Cephenniitae already in Early Cretaceous. Archeutheia is strikingly similar to the extant species of Eutheia and Veraphis, showing male dimorphic characters (modified protrochanters) and antennal cavities characteristic of Palaearctic Eutheiini. This fact suggests a long morphological stability in the supertribe. A previously proposed hypothesis of an early presence of the Cephenniitae in the Northern Hemisphere is for the first time supported by the fossil record, and the palaeolocalities (western Europe and Southeast Asia) demonstrate a wide distribution of Cephenniitae in the Cretaceous and an early split of its ancestral lineage.     

Why Web GIS May Not Be Enough: A Case Study with the Virtual Research Vessel

During several decades of investigation, the East Pacific Rise seafloor-spreading center at 9°-10°N has been explored by marine geologists, geophysicists, chemists, and biologists, and has emerged as one of the best studied sections of the global midocean ridge. It is an example of a region for which there is now a great wealth of observational data, results, and data-driven theoretical studies. However, these have yet to be fully utilized, either by research scientists or educators. While the situation is improving, a large amount of data, results, and related theoretical models still exist either in an inert, noninteractive form (e.g., journal publications) or as unlinked and currently incompatible computer data or algorithms. Presented here is the prototype of a computational environment and toolset, called the Virtual Research Vessel, to improve the situation by providing marine scientists and educators with simultaneous access to data, maps, and numerical models. While infrastructure is desired and needed for ready access to data and the resulting maps via web GIS in order to link disparate data sets (data to data), it is argued that data must also be linked to models for better exploration of new relations between observables, refinement of numerical simulations, and the quantitative evaluation of scientific hypotheses. For widespread data access, web GIS is therefore only a preliminary step rather than a final solution, and the ongoing implementation of the Virtual Research Vessel (scheduled for final completion in 2004-2005) is a case study for the midocean ridge community to test the effectiveness of moving beyond the data-to-data mode towards data-to-models and data-to-interpretation.     

地球表层与天地生综合研究

本文联系地理学史从宇宙、地球、地球表层等概念的演化,讨论人类对地球表层的认识,介绍人类对地球表层作用后所形成的技术和社会圈,从人地关系协同论去说明智慧圈的意义,并讨论以地理相关法为基础的地域结构对应变换分析。以及天地生综合研究与宇宙全息论。本文以现代科学哲学、宇宙论、地球科学的新发展为基础,对地理学的研究对象—地球表层提供一个全新的认识,促进地理学中有关地球基本知识的更新。     

基于CiteSpace的浅层滑坡文献计量分析

基于Web of Science数据库,以1999—2019年检索所得1240篇浅层滑坡期刊论文为样本,利用CiteSpace对该领域内国家/机构、学科/期刊和高频关键词进行文献计量和可视化分析,结果表明：浅层滑坡研究的国际合作非常普遍,意大利在浅层滑坡研究中占据核心地位,意大利国家研究委员和中国科学院两家机构在该领域发挥重要作用,GEOMORPHOLOGY和LANDSLIDES杂志为浅层滑坡研究代表性期刊。复合模型算法为浅层滑坡研究领域近期的热点主题。     

流域科学与水资源管理

流域是水资源管理的基本单位。基于水资源文献的综合分析,讨论了自20世纪以来水资源管理概念、目标及途径的变迁,提出建立流域科学,以流域为研究对象,以揭示流域生态水文过程的客观规律为前提,采用现代管理科学理论和方法,应用先进工程技术手段优化配置水资源,满足人类活动及生态系统的多种需求,促进社会、经济及环境的可持续发展。并且指出流域科学的内涵应包括:①水资源的调查、监测和模拟;②水资源利用多目标设定;③水资源分配机制;④水资源管理指标的确定与评价;⑤水资源管理决策机构;⑥水资源管理反馈分析与人类活动调控。     

Oceanographic Research Vessel Sharing Plan—A Significant Creation of the National Natural Science Foundation of China

To settle the difficulties of the shortage of oceanographic research vessels in our country, the National Natural Science Foundation Committee of China founded Oceanographic Research Vessel Sharing Plan in 2009. It is aimed at enhancing efficiency and optimization of the vessel resources,and coordinating the use demands of vessels for the different foundation projects and the efficient use of the research vessels. We have summarized the achievements made in the Plan from 2010 to 2014, as well as the use system of the research vessels sharing, the specific operating mode ,the organization and the management framework of the Plan. In the end, we put forward our suggestions on the improvement of the Plan after the primary analysis of the present situation of the sharing of the survey data and the existing problems.