辽东湾地区下第三系地震速度—岩性预测模型研究

地震速度－岩性预测模型由四个子模型组成：即（１）砂泥岩压实模型；（２）地震层速度转换模型；（３）速度校正模型；（４）砂岩指数转换模型。辽东湾地区的实际资料证明，上述四个子模型不但决定了岩性预测的具体方法，而且严格控制岩性预测的精度。     

Formation Dynamics and Quantitative Prediction of Hydrocarbons of the Superpressure System in the Dongying Sag

Based on the theory of formation dynamics of oil/gas pools, the Dongying sag can be divided into three dynamic systems regarding the accumulation of oil and gas： the superpressure closed system, the semi-closed system and the normal pressure open system. Based on the analysis of genesis of superpressure in the superpressure closed system and the rule of hydrocarbon expulsion, it is found that hydrocarbon generation is related to superpressure, which is the main driving factor of hydrocarbon migration. Micro fractures formed by superpressure are the main channels for hydrocarbon migration. There are three dynamic patterns for hydrocarbon expulsion： free water drainage, hydrocarbon accumulation and drainage through micro fissures. In the superpressure closed system, the oil-driving-water process and oil/gas accumulation were completed in lithologic traps by way of such two dynamic patterns as episodic evolution of superpressure systems and episodic pressure release of faults. The oil-bearing capacity of lithologic traps is intimately related to reservoir-forming dynamic force. Quantitative evaluation of dynamic conditions for pool formation can effectively predict the oil-bearing capability of traps.     

Strain accumulation in sand due to cyclic loading: drained triaxial tests

Our aim is the prediction of the accumulation of strain and/or stress under cyclic loading with many (thousands to millions) cycles and relatively small amplitudes. A high-cycle constitutive model is used for this purpose. Its formulas are based on numerous cyclic tests. This paper describes drained tests with triaxial compression and uniaxial stress cycles. The influence of the strain amplitude, the average stress, the density, the cyclic preloading history and the grain size distribution on the direction and the intensity of strain accumulation is discussed.     

山东省冬小麦产量动态集成预报方法

在新型统计检验聚类分析 (CAST) 方法对山东省冬小麦种植区进行合理分区的基础上,利用基于作物产量历史丰歉气象影响指数、关键气象因子影响指数、气候适宜度指数、WOFOST (world food study) 作物生长模型分别建立各区域冬小麦产量动态预报方法,利用这4种方法分别对2004—2011年山东省冬小麦产量进行动态预报,在分析历史预报结果平均准确率的基础上,剔除预报准确率低于90.0%的预报方法,确定每种方法的权重系数,采用加权方法建立山东省冬小麦产量动态集成预报方法。结果表明：4种单一产量预报方法在各区域各时段的预报准确率很不稳定,波动范围较大。而集成预报方法对山东省各区域冬小麦产量动态预报准确率相对于4种单一预报方法均有所提高,预报准确率普遍在95.0%以上,且其预报结果稳定性较好,变化比较平稳, 集成预报方法更适合在业务上应用。     

分区经验性地震综合预报指标的初步研究

本文简要给出了滇，川及邻区近年短临地震综合预报的经验性作法和预报指标，从不同角度探索了进入强震短临阶段和强震三要素的经验性综合分析方法。     

利用归一化层速度预测和研究储层物性的方法

归一化层速度是对任意深度处的层速度进行归一化处理的一种速度形式，归一化处理的目的是把任意深度处的层速度转换为与深度无关的格式，归一化后层速度的横向变化主要取决于地层岩性，孔隙度等物性的变化，利用这一特点可以方便地利用已知钻井资料对其进行标定，比较简单地进行地层岩性，孔隙度等特性的预测。实际应用表明，其预测结果与钻井揭示吻合较好，预测效果令人满意。     

Predicting the distribution of thin bed reservoirs by broad frequency band seismic

Recognition of thin interbedded reservoirs in the middle-shallow strata in the Songliao Basin is a great difficulty. In order to resolve this problem, we present a technique for predicting the distribution of thin reservoirs using a broad frequency band and ultra high resolution seismic. Based on forward modeling, we recognized that a thin bed seismic reflection is characterized by changing amplitude with changing frequency （amplitude versus frequency, AVF）. We calculate the thickness of thin reservoirs from their AVF characteristics and predict the distribution of thin bed reservoir using broad frequency band and ultra high resolution seismic. The technique has been applied in the 3D seismic area of Zhaoyuan in the northern part of the Songliao Basin. The seismic resolution is increased by two or three times over that of conventional seismic and many thin reservoirs have been identified. The technique has extensive application to the exploration and development of oil and gas, such as optimizing the location of exploration wells, the design of wells （especially horizontal wells）, choice of production test layers, analyzing reservoir continuity in development wells, and so on.     

An operational multiscale system for hazards prediction, mapping, and response

By definition, a crisis is a situation that requires assistance to be managed. Hence, response to a crisis involves the merging of local and non-local emergency response personnel. In this situation, it is critical that each participant: (1) know the roles and responsibilities of each of the other participants; (2) know the capabilities of each of the participants; and (3) have a common basis for action. For many types of natural disasters, this entails having a common operational picture of the unfolding events, including detailed information on the weather, both current and forecasted, that may impact on either the emergency itself or on response activities. The Consequences Assessment Tool Set (CATS) is a comprehensive package of hazard prediction models and casualty and damage assessment tools that provides a linkage between a modeled or observed effect and the attendant consequences for populations, infrastructure, and resources, and, hence, provides the common operational picture for emergency response. The Operational Multiscale Environment model with Grid Adaptivity (OMEGA) is an atmospheric simulation system that links the latest methods in computational fluid dynamics and high-resolution gridding technologies with numerical weather prediction to provide specific weather analysis and forecast capability that can be merged into the geographic information system framework of CATS. This paper documents the problem of emergency response as an end-to-end system and presents the integrated CATS–OMEGA system as a prototype of such a system that has been used successfully in a number of different situations.     

莱州湾凹陷垦利油田沙河街组储层渗透率评价模型研究

文章以莱州湾凹陷垦利油田沙河街组储层为例,对传统的回归统计模型和基于BP神经网络的人工智能预测模型评价储层渗透率方法和效果进行了对比研究。目标储量报告里定火沙三段中孔、中渗;岩性（粒度）和孔隙度是储层渗透率的主要影响因素。根据岩心及测井数据,建立了孔隙度——粒度二元回归渗透率统计评价模型和BP神经网络渗透率预测模型。通过检验样本集精度对比,分析了隐含层数、隐含层节点数等网络结构参数变化对模型预测结果的影响,重点分析了不同的测井参数输入对BP神经网络模型预测结果的影响。优化后的BP神经网络模型对检验样本集的渗透率预测结果精度最高,其平均相对误差为37%,比传统的二元回归统计模型精度提高了26%。对目标油田三口井连续处理,BP神经网络模型渗透率预测结果更加合理,可以满足开发层段产能分析等生产需求。     

中国地球气候系统模式的发展及其模拟和预估

地球气候系统模式是开展多学科、多圈层集成研究的重要平台,其发展是国际地学领域特别是全球变化领域竞争的前沿。中国的地球气候系统模式研发工作始于20世纪80年代,最近10年得到快速发展。研发格局上已经形成中国科学院、有关部委和高校三足鼎立的局面。文中在简要回顾中国地球气候系统模式早期发展历史的基础上,总结了中国参加第6次耦合模式比较计划的9个地球气候系统模式的技术特点,初步评估了中国4个模式对全球和东亚气候模拟的基本性能,分析了其在4种共享社会经济路径情景下对全球降水与温度的预估变化及其与平衡态气候敏感度的联系。最后,结合国际态势,从发展的角度提出未来中国气候模式研发工作需要加强的8个方向。