急倾斜煤层采空区地面塌陷及其对输气管道危害的数值模拟

采空区引起的地面塌陷和裂隙评价是影响输气管道安全的技术难题之一,应用有限差分法对西北地区某输气管道下方采空区的变形与稳定性进行数值模拟,分析了采空区引起地面裂缝的原因,并对输气管道的安全性进行了量化评价。     

渗流条件下盾构隧道开挖面稳定性三维强度折减数值模拟

采用三维有限元强度折减数值模拟,分析了渗流条件下盾构隧道开挖面稳定性安全系数。基于有限元计算不收敛作为开挖面破坏标准,获得了开挖面主动和被动变形模式下的开挖面稳定安全系数,并得到了开挖面的最终破坏模式。通过对计算结果的整理,获得了支护压力与开挖面安全系数的关系。安全系数存在一个极大值,对应的支护压力即为最优支护压力。最优支护压力在无渗流条件下为静止土压力,在渗流条件下高于静止土压力。渗流条件下开挖面达到主动及被动破坏条件下的极限支护压力均高于非渗流情形。     

Effect of rock mass disturbance on the stability of rock slopes using the Hoek–Brown failure criterion

The process of creating man made or “cut” slopes in rock invariably leads to stress relief within the rock mass which in turn induces a certain degree of fracturing and disturbance. The level of disturbance can be particularly significant when the slope is formed using blasting techniques. However, the effects of this disturbance on the overall rock slope stability have not been investigated thoroughly in the current literature. In order to account for rock mass disturbance during construction, a disturbance factor has been included in the Hoek–Brown failure criterion [1]. This paper uses finite element upper and lower bound limit analyses to estimate rock slope stability based on the Hoek–Brown failure criterion whilst including the effect of rock mass disturbance. A rigorous set of analyses have been performed where the level of disturbance is considered as constant or linearly varying throughout the slope. The results are then compared to a number of reported case histories for verification purposes. From the results of this study, the disturbance factor was found to have significant influence on the rock slope stability assessment, especially for poorer quality rock masses. Hence, cautious engineering judgement must be exercised when estimating the level of disturbance. In addition, utilising stability charts to estimate the stability of cut rock slopes without considering the rock mass disturbance may lead to significant overestimations.     

不同地震烈度下边坡稳定性计算实例

按照工程场地地震安全性评价的有关规定，在充分研究场地工程地质，地震地质背景等工作的基础上，采用ＢＩＳＨＯＰ法以某拟建工程场地在不同地震烈度下其边坡的稳定性进行了计算。     

Changes to dam safety management in British Columbia triggered by failure of a small earth dam

The Testalinden earth dam in southern British Columbia failed in June 2010 and created a huge debris flow. Homes were destroyed and property was damaged. The failure of this small dam resulted in a comprehensive review of over 1000 dams in the province, evaluation of dam safety management practices, changes to the Water Act and improvements in how data on dams are collected, archived and communicated. The provincial dam inventory was re-evaluated to ensure that appropriate consequence classification, and therefore attention, is assigned to dams. Increased scrutiny was placed on dam owners to ensure they complied with dam safety policies and to ensure they submitted annual inspection reports and formal dam safety reviews in a timely manner. Dam owners and professionals engaged in dam safety activities have received new guidelines and better education and training.     

新版IAEA安全导则《核电厂地震危险性评价》的分析与评述

本文分析了国际原子能机构新颁布的安全导则“EvaluationofSeismicHazardsforNuclearPowerPlants(NS-G-3.3)”与前版导则相比在内容、方法上的一些显著的变化;同时,结合我国核电厂厂址地震安全性评价的方法和实践,对该新版导则在我国的引进和应用中应该注意的问题,进行了评述。     

A case study on the influence of THM coupling on the near field safety of a spent fuel repository in sparsely fractured granite

In order to demonstrate the feasibility of geological disposal of spent CANDU fuel in Canada, a safety assessment was performed for a hypothetical repository in the Canadian Shield. The assessment shows that the maximum long term radionuclide release from such repository would meet international criteria for dose rate; however, uncertainties in the assumed evolution of the repository were identified. Such uncertainties could be resolved by the consideration of coupled Thermal-Hydro-Mechanical-Chemical (THMC) processes. In Task A of the DECOVALEX-THMC project, THM models were developed within the framework of the theory of poroelasticity. Such model development was performed in an iterative manner, using experimental data from laboratory and field tests. The models were used to perform near-field simulations of the evolution of the repository in order to address the above-mentioned uncertainties. This paper presents the definition and rationale of task A and the results of the simulations. From a repository safety point of view, the simulations predict that the maximum temperature would be well below the design target of 100°C; however, the stress on the container can marginally exceed the design value of 15 MPa. However, the most important finding from the simulations is that a rock damage zone could form around the emplacement borehole. Such damage zone can extend a few metres from the walls of the emplacement holes, with permeability values that are orders of magnitude higher than the initial values. The damage zone has the potential to increase the radionuclide transport flux from the geosphere; the effect of such an increase should be taken into account in the safety assessment and mitigated if necessary by the provision of sealing systems. Prepared for publication in Environmental Geology. DECOVALEX-THMC Special Issue.     

叶片变桨失效过程中空气动力失衡对海上风机影响

叶片桨距角之间的角度差异产生的空气动力失衡是海上风机的主要动力问题之一。基于海上风机分析程序FAST和水动力计算程序WADAM开发的一种时域数值模拟程序,可计算海上风机系统在风浪载荷作用下的耦合动力响应。应用此数值工具,模拟一个叶片上变桨控制系统失效的情况,研究空气动力失衡对浮式海上风机系统运动响应的影响。分析表明,空气动力载荷失衡引起的激振不仅激发了浮式基础的横向运动,而且增大了基础的纵荡运动和首摇运动。同时,空气动力失衡还大幅增加了风机塔柱底部受到的横向剪切力,对风机系统的安全性造成了威胁。     

基于Janbu法的边坡稳定性研究

通过对边坡稳定性数值分析研究,推导Janbu法求解边坡安全系数的计算过程,并用该法计算云南映象北金大道中的边坡安全系数,取得较理想的结果。     

发展军事地球物理， 为国家安全作贡献——国家安全与军事地球物理专业委员会成立大会暨首届学术研讨会综 述

介绍了国家安全与军事地球物理会议盛况,认为地球物理学的发展与军事应用密切相关,发展国家安全与军事地球物理有着非常重大的意义,国家安全与军事地球物理专委员会的成立和工作的开展,将为我国的国家安全与军队的信息化建设做出应有的贡献.