Techniques for slope stability analysis: Site specific studies from Idukki district,Kerala

The occurrences of slope failures are frequent in Idukki district of Kerala state particularly along the road cuttings and hill slopes causing disruption in traffic, loss of lives and property. This demands a critical evaluation of stability of slopes along the hill roads. This paper deals with stability analysis of a typical hard rock profile at Chuzhappu and a lateritic profile at Kumili along the road connecting Kottayam and Kumili. A large number of factors have been examined and studied; the orientation of discontinuities has been identified as one of the major inherent factors influencing slope instability along Chuzhappu hard rock profile. These have been analysed carefully using stereographic/equal area projection technique in order to determine the vulnerability to slope failure and to understand the type of rock slide that can occur in this profile. The buoyant force of water acting along the discontinuities after heavy rain storm further aids the down slope movement. As the laterite slope is mostly homogeneous, Bishops method and Swedish method were adopted for stability analysis of laterite slope at Kumili. The study also examines the efficacy and applicability of the different methods employed in soil mechanics to assess the stability of laterite slope.The results obtained by this method are compared by actual field conditions. The stability assessment indicates that two sectors at Chuzhappu and one sector at Kumili profile are at the geo-technical threshold of failure, when piezometric head rises during rainstorm. The study indicates that these methods are highly useful in determining the Factor of Safety in profiles with similar geological setting.     

What ails fisheries insurance in India? An assessment of issues,challenges and future potential

This paper undertakes a critical assessment of the present state of fisheries insurance in India. Various factors that contribute to the poor performance of fisheries insurance in the country were identified and ranked based on the responses of fishermen and fish farmers in major maritime states. In the light of the findings, measures such as leveraging the potential of technological interventions, developing innovative institutional mechanisms, bridging the trust deficit amongst the stakeholders and bringing about attitudinal changes through awareness drives are suggested as way forward towards harnessing the potential of insurance as a safety net tool in fisheries sector of India.     

The role of uncertainty in bedrock depth and hydraulic properties on the stability of a variably-saturated slope

We investigate the uncertainty in bedrock depth and soil hydraulic parameters on the stability of a variably-saturated slope in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We couple Monte Carlo simulation of a three-dimensional flow model with numerical limit analysis to calculate confidence intervals of the safety factor using a 22-day rainfall record. We evaluate the marginal and joint impact of bedrock depth and soil hydraulic uncertainty. The mean safety factor and its 95% confidence interval evolve rapidly in response to the storm events. Explicit recognition of uncertainty in the hydraulic properties and depth to bedrock increases significantly the probability of failure.     

地震作用下边坡稳定性分析

考虑了边坡岩土体材料的动力特性以及地震特性,利用动力有限元时程分析方法对边坡在地震荷载作用下的动力特性进行了分析,采用最小平均系数对边坡稳定性进行了评价,并与拟静力法的结果进行了对比分析。对某工程实例计算结果表明该分析方法的可行性,可为地震作用下边坡工程设计工作提供一些有益的参考。     

Lessons from offshore: Challenges and opportunities in linking data to promote understanding of accidents and injuries among Newfoundland and Labrador fishers 1989–2001

The Newfoundland fishery has always been a dangerous industry, but since the collapse of groundfish stocks the pattern of risks has changed. To understand these changes we developed the Fishing Vessel Safety Longitudinal Analysis, a linked database comprising Department of Fisheries and Oceans catch and effort records, Search and Rescue Information System records, and Newfoundland and Labrador Workplace Health Safety and Compensation Commission claims. This paper discusses the methodological challenges and solutions associated with linking these databases. We conclude that improved coordination between these agencies is a prerequisite for linking their respective databases, which would in turn offer greatly enhanced opportunities to contribute to fishing safety.     

Social responsibility in shipping

This paper discusses the effects of competition in shipping, noting recent gains for the consumers of shipping services, a variety of strategies for investors in shipping and some of the effects on seamen. The dangers of monopolistic effects in ports are described and there is a discussion of the externalities involved in maritime safety, including pollution. The current regulatory regime, particularly the involvement of classification societies, is criticised and it is suggested that lessons can be learnt from other industries.     

斜坡坡面地质灾害SNS柔性防护系统概论

在简单分析评价国内现有坡面地质灾害防治现状的基础上 ,介绍了以钢丝绳网为主要构成材料的 SNS( Safty Netting System)主动覆盖和被动拦截柔性防护系统的基本构成和功能特征 ,从而阐明了该项新技术在防护功能、标准化设计与施工作业以及对复杂地形的适应性和安全可靠性等方面的技术经济优势。     

区域地壳稳定性评价“安全岛”理论及方法

阐述了区域地壳稳定性和“安全岛”的概念和定义,以及在重大工程选址中研究它的重要作用。该课题从６０年代至今经历了三个不同的研究发展阶段,已形成具有我国特色的学科领域。文章探讨了区域地壳稳定“安全岛”理论和评价方法,归纳为三种评价方法：主要指标分级评价法;分区评价法;区域稳定（ＣＲＵＳＴＡＢ）专家系统及风险度评价法。最后提出相对稳定地块──安全岛”的识别标志以及从地表构造、深部构造和地震活动图象三方面与“地震空区”的主要区别。     

用改进的十进制遗传算法确定土质边坡最危险滑面

基于瑞典圆弧法和简化Bishop条分法分析土质边坡的稳定性,以圆弧滑裂面与边坡面的左右交点的两个横坐标和以滑裂面圆心的纵坐标作为优化变量,采用了一种改进的十进制遗传算法对优化变量进行优化。这种改进的遗传算法是以简单的十进制遗传算法为基础,结合优体克隆操作、子体优生操作和多代调环操作。通过计算ACADS考核题验证,该方法有较强的自适应能力,具有收敛速度快、解的精度高和避免出现早熟等优点。     

“青海100万吨钾肥综合利用工程”工艺技术与安全生产分析（续完）

青海盐湖资源丰富,从单一钾肥产品向石油天然气与盐湖化工结合的下游产品发展,生产氢氧化钾、碳酸钾、乙炔、氯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、合成氨和尿素,实现循环经济和综合利用,"青海100万吨钾肥综合利用工程",势在必行。运用安全系统工程的方法,分析了所采用的工艺技术以及生产设施设备在项目投产运行后存在的主要危险、有害因素及其产生的危险、危害后果;提出了消除、预防或减弱危险性、危害程度的对策措施,以实现项目的本质安全和安全生产。