滑带土结构强度再生研究

滑带土抗剪强度参数的正确选取，是没坡稳定性评价和 抗没工程设计中的关键问题。本文在现场调研和室内试验基础上，揭示了只要具有一定滑体厚度的滑带，没滑面具有强度再现象，在抗剪强度参数中尤其存在一定量值的结构强度。     

Phenology, and seed production and germination of seven endemic Mimosa species (Fabaceae-Mimosoideae) of the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley, Mexico

We report on the phenology, seed production, and three assays (field, greenhouse and laboratory) to detect the optimal temperature for germination (OPT) and the temperature with fastest germination rate (TFASG) of seven Mimosa species, all endemic to Mexico: Mimosa adenantheroides (M. Martens and Galeotti) Benth., M. calcicola B. L. Rob., M. lacerata Rose, M. luisana Brandegee, M polyantha Benth., M. purpusii Brandegee and M. texana (A. Gray) Small var. filipes (Britton and Rose) Barneby. Flowering and fruiting take place during the wet season (May–September). Though flowering periods overlap among species, no hybrid species were found. The reproductive strategy includes a large number of seeds produced (4000–15000 per plant); however, a high percentage (30–75%) is not viable due to bruchid predation (Acanthoscelides mexicanus (Sharp) and Stator pruininus Horn). In the laboratory, OPT was established at (23°C)24°C(27–28°C) and TFASG at (20°C)25°C(30°C), with 100% of germination in six of the seven Mimosa species. In the field, the maximum germination rate (MAXG) was 92% to 100%, whereas in the greenhouse this value was 56% to 80%. Our results show that heat and moisture do not necessarily stress Mimosa seedling germination, but shade seems to be an important factor influencing germination.     

湿地恢复的技术与方法研究

从湿地恢复的基本概念和应遵循的原则入手,阐述了湿地恢复的两种模式,即被动恢复模式和主动恢复模式。从确定湿地恢复的目标、明确恢复区域、制定恢复方案、监测恢复活动、评价是否成功、恢复的长期管理等方面阐述了湿地恢复的流程。最后从土壤基质的恢复、植被恢复、栖息地保护与生境改善、湿地生态水管理、富营养化治理、有害生物防控、火生态控制等方面介绍了常见的湿地恢复措施。     

北京湿地资源及其修复整治对策的探讨

通过对北京地区湿地资源的考察,根据湿地供水渠道,将北京地区湿地划分为地下水(泉水)供水、水库供水和中水供水3种湿地类型,并根据不同的湿地类型提出了具体的保护、整治和修复对策。     

Multiphase deformation deduced from 3D construction and restoration: Implication for the hydrocarbon exploration in the mountain front of the Northern Tianshan

Three-dimensional (3D) modeling and restoration are powerful in describing the geological characteristics and kinematics which cannot be fully accomplished by the two-dimensional modeling methods. In this study, we applied 3D modeling and restoration to the Beisantai anticline along the mountain front of the Northern Tianshan. The Beisantai anticline shows an EW-trending structure in the shallow layers with NS-trending structures in the deep layers. The 3D seismic reflection data visualize the growth strata well, which record the evolution of the anticline and the influence of Cenozoic India-Asian collision. Our results suggest that a combination of multiple deformations of this anticline on different layers developed during different episodes. In addition, multiphase deformation and strain distribution along the eastern part of the northern Tianshan was implied. Combined with an analysis of the burial and hydrocarbon-generating history from borehole data, we proposed new potential exploration areas in this region and multistage tectonic effects for hydrocarbon accumulation. This work not only highlights our understanding of the structural decomposition of a multiphase structure associated with growth strata, but also the structural evolution of the northern Tianshan and the adjacent petroleum-producing Junggar Basin.     

Site-specific success of three transplanting methods and the effect of planting time on the establishment of Zostera marina transplants

Eelgrass, Zostera marina, is the most abundant seagrass species on the coast of Korea, but most large eelgrass meadows have disappeared since the 1970s due to human-induced disturbance. To restore disturbed seagrass habitats in die-off areas, seagrass transplanting has been attempted using various methods. Here, we assessed the feasibility and efficiency of seagrass transplanting methods depending on the sediment type at the planting site. Additionally, the effect of planting time on the establishment of transplant was examined to determine the optimal season for planting. We conducted an eelgrass transplanting experiment from fall 2003 to summer 2004 at three sites with different sediment types using three planting techniques. The staple method resulted in the highest transplant survival rate (77.1-93.8%) at all three sites, but was labor intensive. Transplanting Eelgrass Remotely with Frame Systems (TERFS) method also resulted in relatively a high survival rate (58.7-69.0%) at all sites. The shell method is a newer eelgrass transplanting method in which oyster shells are used as an anchoring device, and does not require SCUBA diving for subtidal transplanting. The shell method resulted in high survival rates in muddy (81.3%) and silty sediments (76.5%), but remarkably low survival rate in sandy sediments (5.0%). The TERFS, and shell methods reduced underwater labor; thus, these methods is suitable for large-scale seagrass restoration. Eelgrass transplants planted in summer had exhibited significant mortality due to high summer water temperatures. Although transplants planted in fall to spring had relatively high survival rates, transplanting and collection of vegetative shoots are difficult in winter and spring. Therefore, fall was suggested as the most effective transplanting season off the coast of Korea.     

关于生态恢复几个问题的讨论

讨论了生态恢复实践有关术语的变迁及其内涵、恢复生态学概念形成和发展及其主要研究内容,探讨了我国几个生态恢复实践的特点,定性地分析了生态系统干扰空间尺度、强度与恢复所需时间的关系。     

美国南佛罗里达大沼泽湿地恢复规划、实施及启示

从20世纪80年代开始,美国联邦政府与佛罗里达州政府共同制订和实施了一系列大沼泽湿地恢复计划和措施,特别是在2000年通过的《大沼泽湿地恢复综合规划》。该规划的目的是为了解决南佛罗里达大沼泽湿地的洪涝灾害、供水不足、水污染和生物多样性下降等问题。通过水利工程措施和生物措施相结合,保护、恢复与治理大沼泽湿地生态系统。在规划制订和实施过程中,应用科学战略、生态系统跟踪监测和综合评估提供了技术支撑。目前,该规划已取得了良好的社会经济效益和生态效益。从大沼泽湿地恢复的背景、工程实施过程和措施、科技支撑等方面,系统分析了大沼泽湿地恢复综合规划要点实施情况及效果,总结了该项目的主要经验及其对我国区域湿地保护与恢复的启示。     

近10年来我国泥炭地学的研究进展

我国泥炭地学经过30余年的初创时期,到1990年基本完成了创建阶段。20世纪90年代以来,泥炭地学处于发展时期,在泥炭沼泽生态系统、泥炭特性与物质组成、泥炭形成环境与聚煤作用对比、泥炭地温室气体与全球变化、泥炭沼泽水文与微地貌、泥炭形成机制与成炭期、泥炭地层以及以泥炭为信息载体的环境变迁等方面的研究日益接近世界先进水平,某些研究甚至处于世界领先地位;与国际交往更加频繁;在泥炭应用和研究方法等方面也取得了显著成就。但泥炭地恢复等方面研究较加拿大等先进国家还有一定距离。总结了我国泥炭地学近10年的研究历史和现状,并对未来研究做了展望。