我国土地利用研究的回顾与展望

本文总结了古今中外土地利用研究进展,将国际和我国解放后的研究工作各自分成了三个不同的阶段和时期。并在分析当前国际上该研究发展趋向的基础上,根据我国经济发展的需要和现有研究力量的可能,提出了今后的研究方向和任务。即在实践方面,继续面向经济建设,搞好应用研究,使科学技术转变为生产力;在理论方面,着力进行建没,深化基础研究,使学科本身得以迅速发展。     

我国工业布局的变化趋势

解放以来,我国工业布局发生了重大的变化,积累了丰富的资料和经验。系统地分析、评价我国工业布局变化的规律和趋势是经济建设中的重大实践问题,也是经济地理学     

山西洪洞ML5.0地震前测震学异常指标分析

对山西洪洞2003年ML5．0地震进行了分析，发现震前1a左右，在临汾盆地周边地区相继出现断层总面积、η值、A(b)值、D值、5值、YH值等地震活动性指标异常，这些指标异常反映了5．0级地震前地震活动呈现增强的特征。根据非线性理论中的尺度依赖性原理提出一种对特定范围的中强地震进行检验性预测的方法。     

乌苏XDR数字化雷达识别雹云指标初探

冰雹是兵团农七师和乌苏市主要灾害性天气之一，常给农业生产造成危害。为了提高防雹作业的效果，1998年对乌苏711雷达进行了数字化改造。作者根据1998～2003年6年回波资料的统计分析，总结出适合本地的识别雹云的指标。     

Airborne electromagnetics supporting salinity and natural resource management decisions at the field scale in Australia

Airborne geophysics has been used at the catchment scale to map salt stores, conduits and soil variability, but few studies have evaluated its usefulness as a land management tool at the field scale. We respond to questions posed by land managers with: (1) comparison of airborne and ground-based electromagnetic surveys in the Lower Balonne catchment, Queensland, and (2) comparison with historical and anecdotal knowledge of landscape response in the country around Jamestown in mid-South Australia.In the Lower Balonne, direct comparison between ground electromagnetic survey (EM) and airborne electromagnetics (AEM) showed a strong relationship for both the absolute values and spatial patterns of conductivity. The penetration of AEM to greater than 100 m is valuable in defining hydrological barriers. In the Jamestown area, AEM conductivity corresponded well with specific outbreaks of salinity and observed variability in crop response; local inconsistencies at the ground surface could be resolved when sub-surface data were considered. AEM can provide valuable information at the field scale that is relevant to salinity management. Farmers can have confidence in any of these techniques (historical information, EM and AEM) and they may directly compare or integrate the results.     

Seasonal timing of N pulses influences N capture in a saltbush scrub community

Limiting resources are generally available in brief temporal pulses in arid systems. We compared the abilities of dominant shrubs in a saltbush scrub community to capture N from pulses and evaluated whether N capture and partitioning within this community is influenced by the seasonal timing of pulses. Based on previous research in agronomic systems we predicted that the ability of a species to capture N following a pulse would depend on when the pulse occurred in relation to plant growth rate and N demand. Supporting this hypothesis, Atriplex confertifolia and Sarcobatus vermiculatus, which had greater growth rates early in the growing season compared to Atriplex parryi, captured more N from early spring pulses than A. parryi. Atriplex parryi, which had higher growth rates later in the growing season, captured more N from mid- and late spring pulses than the other species. These temporal differences in N capture among species, however, also depended on the magnitude of the N pulse. These results suggest that temporal variation in N availability may differentially impact competitive abilities of coexisting species and potentially facilitate species coexistence in arid systems.     

多时相MODIS影像水田信息提取研究

水稻种植及其分布信息是土地覆被变化、作物估产、甲烷排放、粮食安全和水资源管理分析的重要数据源。基于遥感的水田利用监测中,通常采用时序NDVI植被指数法和影像分类法分别进行AVHRR和TM影像的水田信息获取。针对8天合成MODIS陆地表面反射比数据的特点和水稻生长特征,选取水稻种植前的休耕期、秧苗移植期、秧苗生长期和成熟期等多时相MODIS地表反射率影像数据,通过归一化植被指数、增强植被指数及利用对土壤湿度和植被水分含量较敏感的短波红外波段计算得到的陆表水指数进行水田信息获取。将提取结果与基于ETM＋影像的国土资源调查水田数据,通过网格化计算处理并进行对比分析,结果表明,利用MODIS影像的8天合成地表反射率数据,进行区域甚至全国的水田利用监测是可行的。     

澜沧江国际河流水资源空间分析平台建设

国际河流水资源的公平合理利用与分配问题一直是诱发国际冲突的重要问题。澜沧江作为我国一条重要的国际河流,穿越中南半岛下游五国,跨境水资源丰富,用水分水矛盾突出。澜沧江国际河流水资源空间分析平台建设,以空间数据为基础完成重要国际河流地理因子提取技术,建成澜沧江流域完整的水资源环境与社会经济地理因子数据库,为综合分析与评价提供数据保障;通过水资源环境空间分析与评价模型研究,开展重要地理要素空间布局分析、水资源时空分布分析与统计、水能开发对环境影响空间分析等空间分析应用研究,并将研究成果与电子政务空间信息服务系统集成,并与现有的电子政务空间辅助决策系统相结合,为政府决策提供支持,促进空间数据成果在政府部门的国际河流水资源管理方面的应用和发展。     

1960-2018年中国西南地区旱涝急转的时空变化特征

基于 1960—2018 年的逐日降水观测数据,采用日尺度旱涝急转指数（DWAAI）计算方法,以生态地理区为框架,识别并分析了西南地区旱涝急转事件的时空变化特征。结果表明：西南地区旱涝急转事件的发生次数在 1960—2010年有增加趋势,在 2011—2018 年快速减少;旱转涝事件多发生在春夏季（4~8 月）,涝转旱事件则跨越了春、夏、秋季（5~11 月）;在云南高原常绿阔叶林、松林区（VA5）,西双版纳山地季雨林、雨林区（VIIA3）,闽粤桂低山平原常绿阔叶林、人工植被区（VIA2）,旱涝急转事件主要发生在夏季,而在湘黔高原山地常绿阔叶林区（VA3）和四川盆地常绿阔叶林、人工植被区（VA4）,旱涝急转事件主要发生在春季;旱涝急转事件发生次数的空间分布呈现东北多、西南少的格局;2000 年以来旱涝急转事件在滇中南亚高山谷地常绿阔叶林、松林区（VIA3）和闽粤桂低山平原常绿阔叶林、人工植被区（VIA2）发生次数减少,但有加重趋势,呈现极端化特征。