退耕还林效益优化模式系统动力学研究

以退耕还林工程典型立地的干热干旱河谷区为研究区域 ,引入系统动力学等理论和方法 ,对退耕还林的优化模式进行了研究 ,提出了长江上游金沙江干热干旱河谷区云南省鹤庆县实验点退耕还林生态经济社会效益最优结合、可持续发展的圆柏×黑荆树 (Sabinachinensis×Acaciamearnsii)优化模式 ,并提出了相应的规范配套技术。     

Role of fluids in the metamorphism of the Alpine Fault Zone,New Zealand

Models of fluid/rock interaction in and adjacent to the Alpine Fault in the Hokitika area, South Island, New Zealand, were investigated using hydrogen and other stable isotope studies, together with field and petrographic observations. All analysed samples from the study area have similar whole‐rock δD values (δD_WR = ?56 to ?30‰, average = ?45‰, n = 20), irrespective of rock type, degree of chloritization, location along the fault, or across‐strike distance from the fault in the garnet zone. The green, chlorite‐rich fault rocks, which probably formed from Australian Plate precursors, record nearly isothermal fluid/rock interaction with a schist‐derived metamorphic fluid at high temperatures near 450–500°C (δD of water in equilibrium with the green fault rocks (δD_{H2O, green}) ≈ ?18‰; δD of water in equilibrium with the greyschists and greyschist‐derived mylonites (δD_{H2O, grey}) ≈ ?19‰ at 500°C; δD_{H2O, green} ≈ ?17‰; δD_{H2O, grey} ≈ ?14‰ at 450°C). There is no indication of an influx of a meteoric or mantle‐derived fluid in the Alpine Fault Zone in the study area. The Alpine Fault Zone at the surface shows little evidence of late‐stage retrogression or veining, which might be attributed to down‐temperature fluid flow. It is probable that prograde metamorphism in the root zone of the Southern Alps releases metamorphic fluids that at some region rise vertically rather than following the trace of the Alpine Fault up to the surface, owing to the combined effects of the fault, the disturbed isotherms under the Southern Alps, and the brittle–ductile transition. Such fluids could mix with meteoric fluids to deposit quartz‐rich, possibly gold‐bearing veins in the region c. 5–10 km back from the fault trace. These results and interpretations are consistent with interpretations of magnetotelluric data obtained in the South Island GeopHysical Transects (SIGHT) programme.     

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