用卫星高光谱数据提取德兴铜矿区植被污染信息

在深入分析研究德兴铜矿矿区植被光谱特征的基础上,利用美国EO-1卫星Hyperion高光谱数据,通过反演表征植物生理状态的光谱特征参数(红边位置和最大吸收深度)变异,提取与污染相关的信息,获取了矿山植被污染生态效应概况,为矿山污染的诊断和监测提供新技术和知识支撑。     

红层与煤系复合结构覆岩采动破坏分析及其应用

许多矿区煤层采动影响范围内的覆岩层由红层和煤层共同构成。本文研究了山东省太平煤矿东区二叠系 3号煤层覆岩破坏和防水煤柱留设的问题 ,在对上覆第四系水文地质条件分析的基础上 ,对红层和煤系复合结构覆岩的工程地质特征和破坏状况进行了分析 ,确定了合理的防水煤岩柱高度 ,并经过开采验证 ,避免了水害发生.     

Geobotany of red sanders (Pterocarpus santalinus) – a case study from the southeastern portion of Andhra Pradesh

 RedSanders in their natural distribution occur almost exclusively in quartzites and shales. This indicates the geobotanical response to these rock types in the semi-arid tract of the southeastern portion of Andhra Pradesh in the tropical dry deciduous forests of Chittoor, Cuddapah and Nellore districts. Thus Red Sanders are important from a commercial point of view and also a useful tool to demarcate stratigraphic formations. Received: 27 April 1998 · Accepted: 21 July 1998     

甲藻赤潮及其毒素的产生机制及夜光藻氮代谢途径

依据８０－９０年代国内外有关资料,从甲藻分类、甲藻室内培养、甲藻毒素及其生物合成上方面,综合评述甲藻赤潮及其毒素最新研究进展;并结合作者自己的研究结果,对夜光藻赤潮的生产与调控机理模型提出一种理论假说,这一假说的验证将为全面阐明夜光藻生活史及赤潮成因和机理提供分子水平的框架路径。     

厦门西港引发有害硅藻水华磷的阈值研究

1995年10月,在厦门市国家海洋局第三海洋研究所的陆基水池中,应用海洋围隔生态系实验技术,研究了在无海流、盐度等因子干扰的情况下,磷的形态、分布及其与浮游植物生物量的相关性。结果表明,海水中的可溶性无机磷（DIP）随时间里指数函数减少。浮游植物生物量主要与可溶性无机磷密切相关：[Chl－a]=A×e-B[PO4],这种相关的浮游植物生物量表现2d左右的滞后现象。还探讨了限制浮游植物增殖的DIP的最低浓度为0．3－04μmol／L,从DIP表现浓度估算浮游植物可能达到的最大生物量为[Chl－a]=10mg／m3,并由此估算出引发中肋骨条藻赤潮的DIP的阈值为1．2μmol／L,作为赤潮预测预报的参考。     

MDD模式与快速冷却事件

ＭＤＤ 模式（Ｍｕｌｔｉｐｌｅ Ｄｉｆｆｕｓｉｏｎ Ｄｏｍａｉｎ ｍｏｄｅｌ） 是Ｄｏｄｓｏｎ 模式的扩展,它可以从一个钾长石样品分析中,得到温度在≤３５０ ～１５０ ℃之间的一条连续的冷却曲线,因此,ＭＤＤ 模式的一个突出贡献是对快速冷却事件的定量制约。冈底斯岩带与哀牢山－ 红河剪切带中新世的快速冷却事件与构造含义是利用这一模式进行研究的成功实例,它不仅定量厘定了快速冷却事件的时间,证实了其存在的普遍性,而且明确指出了中新世印度和欧亚板块碰撞后岩石圈质量转移过程的时间序列,定量地指出了冈底斯岩带逆冲抬升导致的地壳增厚与沿哀牢山－ 红河剪切带地壳块体的侧向挤出在时间上的同步性和差异性     

Potential of marble dust to stabilise red tropical soils for road construction

The potential of marble dust as a stabilizing additive to red tropical soils was evaluated. The evaluation involved the determination of the geotechnical properties of three different red tropical soils in their natural state as well as when mixed with varying proportions of marble dust. The parameters tested included the particle size distribution, specific gravity, Atterberg limits, the standard compaction characteristics, the compressive strength and the California bearing ratio (CBR). The strength tests were repeated after normal 28 day curing of the treated samples and also after accelerated 24 h curing at temperatures of 40°C, 60°C and 80°C.

Results showed that the geotechnical parameters of red tropical soils are improved substantially by the addition of marble dust; plasticity was reduced by 20 to 33% and strength and CBR increased by 30 to 46% and 27 to 55% respectively. The highest strength and CBR values were achieved at 8% marble dust. Results also showed that normal 28 day curing improved the strength of the marble dust-treated soil with over 80% strength gain achieved after 7 to 10 days of normal curing. Higher strength development was realised following accelerated 24 h curing at 60°C.

Although these results imply marked improvement in the geotechnical parameters of red tropical soils, the higher strength developed is not enough for the improved soil to be used as a base material in the construction of heavily trafficked flexible pavements. The improved material may, however, be successfully used as base material for lightly trafficked roads and as a sub-base material for heavily trafficked roads.     

亚热带地区发育于不同母岩风化壳上的红壤磁学特征对比及其环境意义

本研究对发育于亚热带地区花岗岩和变质岩风化壳之上的两个红壤剖面进行了系统的环境磁学测量及色度分析,探讨在同一地区不同母质上发育的红壤磁性差异的原因及其环境意义.研究区的两个剖面分别位于福建省南平市高铁北站和纺织厂附近,相距约15 km,气候条件基本相同.研究结果表明：（1）较强磁性的花岗岩母质层上发育的南平北站红壤（NPN）,在发育过程因母质层中多畴（MD）颗粒磁赤铁矿化的磁铁矿溶解,剖面上部的淋溶层和淀积层虽以较细的稳定单畴（SSD）颗粒和少量的假单畴（PSD）颗粒磁铁矿为主,但剖面磁性自下而上减弱.相较而言,南纺红壤（NF）剖面发育在磁性较弱的变质砂岩上,其过渡层和母质层以赤铁矿为主,因成壤过程中生成较细的超顺磁（SP）磁铁矿使得土壤淋溶层和淀积层磁性增强;说明母质不同是亚热带地区红壤磁性差异的主要原因.（2） NPN和NF两个剖面的气候条件基本相同,磁性差异比色度指标差异更为显著.亚热带地区因剖面受母质影响显著,整体磁性特征不能反映气候;黄度和红度的比值（b^*/a^*）远小于磁性的差异,说明针铁矿和赤铁矿的比值更能反映研究区的平均气候状况,即反映次生磁性矿物含量的参数为更适合的气候指标.     

Factors structuring phytoplankton community in a large tropical river: Case study in the Red River (Vietnam)

Algal assemblages have been widely used as an ecological indicator of aquatic ecosystem health conditions because of their specific sensitivity to a wide variety of environmental conditions. In turbid rivers, as in other aquatic systems, phytoplankton structure plays an important role in structuring aquatic food webs. Worldwide, phytoplankton is less studied in turbid, large tropical rivers compared to temperate river systems. The present study aimed to describe the phytoplankton diversity and abundance in a turbid tropical river (the Red River, northern part of Vietnam from 20°00 to 25°30 North; from 100°00 to 107°10 East) and to determine the importance of a series of environmental variables in controlling the phytoplankton community composition. Phytoplankton community was composed of 169 phytoplankton taxa from six algal groups including Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Cryptophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Dinophyceae and Cyanobacteria. Community composition varied both spatially and with season. Sixteen measurement environmental variables were used as input variables for a three-layer backpropagation neural network that was developed to predict the phytoplankton abundance. Phytoplankton abundance was successfully predicted using the tagsig transfer function and the Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation algorithm. The network was trained to provide a good overall linear fit to the total data set with a slope (R) and mean square error (MSE) of 0.808 and 0.0107, respectively. The sensitivity analysis and neutral interpretation diagram revealed that total phosphorus (TP), flow discharge, water temperature and P-PO₄³⁻ were the significant variables. The results showed that the developed ANN model was able to simulate phytoplankton abundance in the Red River. These findings can help for gaining insight into and the relationship between phytoplankton and environmental factors in this complex, turbid, tropical river.